m
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
OF
ENGLAND,
JFvom ISgbevt tfje <Kteat to tfte tiruolution :
CONSISTING OF
CHARACTERS DISPOSED IN DIFFERENT CLASSES,
AND ADAPTED TO
A METHODICAL CATALOGUE OF ENGRAVED BRITISH HEADS:
INTENDED AS
AN ESSAY TOWARDS REDUCING OUR BIOGRAPHY TO SYSTEM, AND
A HELP TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF PORTRAITS :
INTERSPERSED WITH
A VARIETY OF ANECDOTES,
AND
MEMOIRS OF A GREAT NUMBER OF PERSONS,
NOT TO BE FOUND IN ANY OTHER BIOGRAPHICAL WORK.
WITH A PREFACE,
SHEWING THE UTILITY OF A COLLECTION OF ENGRAVED PORTRAITS TO SUPPJ V n
DEFECT, AND ANSWER THE VARIOUS PURPOSES, OF MEDALS
BY THE REV. J. GRANGER
VICAR OF SHIPLAKE, IN OXFORDSHIRE.
Animnm picturjl pascit inani. VIRG.
Celebrare domestica facta. HOR.
FIFTH EDITION,
WITH UPWARDS OF FOUR HUNDRED ADDfTIONAL LI\ES.
IN SIX VOLUMES :
VOL. III.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR WILLIAM BAYNES AND SON,
PATERNOSTER ROW
1824.
Printed by J. F. DOVE, St. John s Square.
BIOGRAPHICAL
HISTORY OF ENGLAND
REIGN OF CHARLES I. CONTINUED.
CLASS V.
COMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYMENTS.
SlR JOHN COKE, secretary of state. G. White f.
h. sh. mezz.
SIR JOHN COKE, &c. Sturt sc. Svo.
Sir John Coke, master of requests, was, upon the death of Sir
Albert Moreton, preferred to the office of secretary of state. He
was a man of considerable experience ; and from long habit, more
than from any extraordinary natural abilities, became a good pro
ficient in politics, as far as they related to this kingdom : but as to
foreign interests .and connexions, the knowledge of which must
ever have been essential to the secretary s office, he was totally
ignorant. He was removed from his place to make room for Sir
Henry Vane, the elder, who was promoted by the interest of the
queen.
SIR FRANCIS WINDEBANK, secretary of
state. P. Paul (De Wilde) ; an etching.
VOL. III.
2 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR FRANCIS WINDEBANK, with John, lord
Finch ; small oval; six English verses; (Glover)
scarce : copied by Thane.
Sir Francis Windebank, the secretary, was a creature of Laud s ;
a sufficient reason for bis being extremely obnoxious to the com
mons. He was secretly suspected too of the crime of popery ; and
it was known that, from complaisance to the queen, and indeed in
compliance with the king s maxims of government, he had granted
many indulgences to Catholics, and had signed warrants for the par
don of priests, and their delivery from confinement. Grimstone, a
popular member called him, in the house, the very pander and
broker to the whore of Babylon. Finding that the scrutiny of the
commons was pointed towards him, and being sensible that Eng
land was no longer a place of safety for men of his character, he
suddenly made his escape into France. Vide Hume.
" SIR PHILIP PERCEVAL, knt. register of the
court of wards,* and one of the most honourable
privy council to Charles I. born 1559, died 1647."
Ant. Vandijck p. C. Lempriere del. W. Hen. Toms sc.
1738. Engraved for Lord Egmonfs "History of the
House of Yvery"
Sin PHILIP PERCEVAL, &c. Faber f. 1743; Svo.
mezz. engraved for Andersons " Genealogy ;" Svo.
Sir Philip Perceval, who, in the early part of his life, was too
easily swayed by his passions, became afterward a man of a sedate
and amiable character. He was a friend of virtue, and a lover of
his country. He plunged deeply in business, and proved himself
an able man in the management of his private affairs, and in every
part of his conduct with regard to the public. He at first sided
with the king, but shortly after, from what appeared to him
honourable motives, warmly attached himself to the parliament.
He appears to have had no connexions with the independent party.
He died the 10th of November, 1647, of a fever, occasioned by his
* In Ireland.
OF ENGLAND.
perturbation of mind, from the prospect of those miseries which he
apprehended would soon fall upon himself and his country. The
parliament, then sitting, though his enemies, buried him at their
own expense; and the celebrated primate Usher preached his
funeral sermon.
" D. BALTHAZAR GERBERIUS, Eques Aura-
tus, primus, post renovationem Fcederis cum Hispa-
niarum rege, anno 1630, a potentissimo et serenis-
simo Carolo, Magnse Britannige, Francise, etHibernise
rege, Bruxellas prolegatus ; A. 1631, M. 42, 1634."
Vandyckp. P. Pontius sc. h. sh.
SIR BALTHAZAR GERBIER, with his wife and
children. P.P.Rubens; M c Arddl.
The late Prince of Wales had the family of Gerbier, a fine ori
ginal, by Vandyck, which had successively passed under the names
of several English families, but was, at last, ascertained by Vertue,
with this, and another portrait.* The picture is still in the king s
collection, at Buckingham-house, and has been engraved from a
drawing of Edwards, by Walker, in a large sheet. Sir Samson
Gideon has a painting of the same family, but different.
Balthazar Gerbier, a native of Antwerp, came into England in
the late reign. He attended the king, when prince of Wales, and
the Duke of Buckingham, into Spain ; and was secretly an agent
in the treaty of marriage with the infanta, though he only appeared
in the character of a painter. In 1628, Charles conferred upon him
the honour of knighthood, and afterward employed him at the
court of Brussels, where he was resident several years. See more
of him in the Class of ARTISTS.
MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
EDWARD HYDE, esq. afterward Sir Edward
Hyde, and earl of Clarendon, a distinguished mem-
* " Anecdotes of Painting," II. p. 66, 67, 2d edit.
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
her of the House of Commons. The heads of him
belong to the reign of Charles II.
We see, in the instance of the celebrated person before us, as
well as in many others, that the exertion of genius depends more
upon chance or opportunity, than upon nature itself. The divisions
and distractions of his country called forth the talents of this ex
cellent man. He had a principal share as a speaker, a writer, and
an actor, in the transactions of this reign ; and was thereby quali
fied to enrich the world with one of the best histories it ever saw.
JOHN PYM, esq. Bower p. Glover f. Svo. ". -
JOHANNES PYM, Edelman, &c. Sower p. Copied
from Glover. C. Visscher excud.
Maistre PIN (Pym), Sec. in a fur gown; 4to. a
scarce and curious print.
JOHN PYM, esq. Houbraken sc. In the possession of
Thomas Hales , esq. Illust. Head.
JOHN PYM, esq. Hollar f. small oval.
JOHN PYM, esq. Vandergucht sc. Svo.
John Pym, esq. member for Tavistock, in Devonshire, was the
greatest leader of the House of Commons in the Long Parliament.
He was a remarkable instance of what strength of parts and force
of eloquence could effect. He was commonly called " King Pym,"
and seemed alone capable of overturning the throne. His personal
weight was superior to authority ; but he was thought by many to
have made a very ill use of his power. His intent was to reform,
not to abolish, the government ; but he was a principal engine in
bringing about a revolution which he never intended, and which
he did not live to see. He died of an imposthume in his bowels,*
* Birch s " Lives of Illust. Persons," p. 80. Lord Clarendon, and the author
of the " Mercurius Rusticus," say, that he died of the Morbus pediculosus.
OF ENGLAND.
the 8th of December, 1643. His excessive application to public
affairs, is supposed to have hastened his death.
JOHANNES HAMPDEN, vindex libertatis.
Audran sc. De picta tabella apud virum illustrem
Richardum Ellys baronettum; h. sh. In Peck s " Life
of Milton:
JOHN HAMDEN ; in armour. Houbraken sc. 1740;
Illust. Head. This is not from the same picture* as
the above, which represents him younger.
JOHN HAMDEN; oval, in a square frame ; 4Jo.
Baldwin, 1813.
JOHN HAMDEN, esq. M. Vandergucht sc. Svo.
John Hamden received the honourable appellation of Patriot
Hamden, for his spirited and judicious defence of the laws and
liberties of his country, in opposition to the illegal and oppressive
tax of ship-money. He argued the case with the judges for twelve
days together, in the exchequer chamber, and had more reason to
triumph, from his superiority in the argument, than the crown had
for its victory in the cause. He had the command of a regiment
of foot in the civil war, and received his death s wound, bravely
fighting, in Chalgrave-field, in Oxfordshire. He was regarded by
his friends as a martyr to liberty. Baxter has therefore placed him
with the saints in heaven ,f and Lord Cobham with the worthies
* It does not appear that there is any authentic picture of Hamden. Sir Richard
Ellys is said to have bought an old painting at a stall, and called it by his name.
The late Mr. Hollis told me, that he has made particular inquiry after a genuine
portrait of him, to have it engraved, and that he could never find an undoubted
original 4
t " Saint s Everlasting Rest," p. 82, 83.
$ At Hampden-house in Bucks, there is a small bust of him in ivory, well ex
ecuted, and supposed to have been done in his lifetime; it exhibits a thin Jong-
visaged man with whiskers. BINDLEY.
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
m his Elysium at Stow.* His patriotism has been suspected;
and indeed it appears not to have been without ambition; but pa
triotism it undoubtedly was.f Ob. June 24, 164-3.
SIR HENRY VANE, the elder; from an original
drawing. R. Cooper sc.
This active statesman, who may be considered as the founder of
the fortunes of the earls of Darlington, was the eldest son and heir
of Henry Fane (as the name was then written), of" Hadlow, in Kent,
esq. by his second wife, Margaret Twisden. His father having a
command in the forces sent by Queen Elizabeth, in 1596, to the
assistance of Henry IV. of France, died at Rouen, soon after his
arrival, when his son was in the seventh year of his age. -At
seventeen, he received the honour of knighthood from King
James I. after which, he visited several parts of Europe with con
siderable improvement; and on his return, was elected member for
Carlisle. His abilities and exertions, on some interesting question,
having attracted the notice of the court, he obtained the office of
cofferer in the household of Prince Charles, whose accession to
the throne, in 1625, he notified, in quality of envoy to the states-
general.
The responsibility, which he had taken upon himself, with others
for large loans obtained for the king, when prince of Wales, seems
to have materially influenced his advancement. In 1630, being a
privy-counsellor and comptroller of the household, he was sent to
the continent, in order to renew the treaty of friendship and con
federacy with the kings of Denmark and Sweden, and the Ger
man princes in alliance with the latter. The chief object of this
mission was to procure the reinstatement of the elector palatine,
king of Bohemia, in his dominion and dignities; but the fall of
* Under his bust is this inscription :
JOHN HAMDEN,
" Who with great spirit, and consummate abilities, began a noble opposition to an
arbitrary court, in defence of the liberties of his country; supported them in parlia
ment, and died for them in the field."
t If the virtues of patriots and heroes were abstracted from vanity and ambition,
they would shrink into a very narrow compass : unmixed virtues are almost as rare
as unmixed substances.
OF ENGLAND. 7
Gustavus Adolphus at the battle of Lutzen, and the death of the
unfortunate Frederick, both which events happened in November,
1632, diminished the regret which the failure of Sir Henry s nego
tiations had doubtless occasioned. On his arrival in England, he
was included in the commission for executing the office of lord
high-admiral. In 1633, he attended the king to Scotland ; and,
on the royal progress, entertained the sovereign and his suite at
Raby Castle. We find him named in many special commissions
of high importance from that period until 1639, when he was ap
pointed treasurer of the household, and, soon afterward, principal
secretary of state for life.
The king was so much offended by the part taken by Sir Henry
Vane, in the prosecution of Stratford,* that he removed him from
his places of treasurer of his household, and also from being secre
tary of state, though in the patent granting that office to him, he
was to hold it during life : and thereupon, the parliament, when
they raised their army, and published their declaration, avowed " it
was only for the defence of the king s person, and the religion,
liberties, and laws of the kingdom, and for those, who for their
sakes, and Tor those ends, had observed their orders." That by
the instigation of evil counsellors, the king had raised an army of
Papists, by which he intended to awe, and destroy the parliament,
&c. and the putting out the Earl of Northumberland, Sir Henry
Vane, and others from their several places and employments, were
sufficient and ample evidences thereof.
It does not appear, that he was concerned in any measure
against the king, but continued in London, without acting in the
rebellion. And on the 1st of December, 1645, the parliament de
bating on propositions of peace with the king, voted, " That it be
recommended to his majesty to create Sir Henry Vane, senior, a
baron of the kingdom; he lamenting the unhappy state of the
nation in those times of confusion, and was not in any commission
or employment under the parliament." In July, 1645, his castle
of Raby was surprised by the king s forces, from Bolton Castle ;
but were again closely blocked up, by forces raised by Sir Henry
Vane, his son.
Before the death of the king, he retired to his seat at Raby
Lord Clarendon attributes the presumed revengeful conduct of Vane, to this
circumstance, that the Earl of Strafford had chosen for his second title that of Baron
Raby, of Raby Castle, which estate belonged to Sir Henry Vane.
8 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Castle, neither he nor his sons being concerned therein, but
opposed it all that lay in their power. Lord Clarendon makes out,
his growing at last into the hatred and contempt of those who had
made most use of him ; but it may more justly be represented, that
he discovered the vile use they made of their power, and con
temning them, chose retirement. He lived to the latter end of the
year 1654, when he died at his seat, Raby Castle, in the sixty- ninth
year of his age.
SIR HENRY VANE. P. Lely p. Houbraken sc.
1742 ; Illust. Head. The original was in the collection
of the Earl of Orford, who gave it to the Earl of Dar
lington.
SIR HENRY VANE, knight, of Raby Castle, by
Faithorne, but without his name ; in an oval of foliage ;
4to. Before his "Life."
SIR HENRY VANE, the younger ; from an original
painting; Svo.
SIR HENRY VANE ; in Smollett. Grignion sc.
SIR HENRY VANE ; in Literary Magazine. Conde,
1792. . :: -i
SIR HENRY VANE. R. Cooper sc. 4to. ...
Sir Henry Vane, a chief of the independent party, and a princi
pal leader of the House of Commons, was one of those singular
characters that are seen but once in an age, and such an age as
that of Charles I. It is hard to say whether he was a more fantastic
visionary, or profound politician. He did not, like the generality
of enthusiasts, rely supinely on heaven, as if he expected every
thing from thence; but exerted himself, as if he entirely depended
on his own activity. His enthusiasm seems never to have precipi
tated him into injudicious measures, but to have added new powers
to his natural sagacity. He mistook his deep penetration for a pro-
OF ENGLAND. 9
phetic spirit, and the light of his genius for divine irradiation. The
Solemn League and Covenant was the issue of his prolific brain,
which teemed with new systems of politics and religion. He pre
served a uniformity of character to the last, and died in expectation
of the crown of martyrdom. Beheaded the 14th of June, 1662.
See the Interregnum, Class IX.
DENZIL HOLLES possessed, in a high degree, that intrepidity
for which his family has been remarkable. He was very active in
parliament, as long as the Presbyterians, of whom he was regarded
as the leader, had any sway. That party, for a considerable time,
went hand in hand with the Independents ; but towards the conclu
sion of the war, they separated, and hated each other with all the
animosity of brothers. See the next reign, Class III.
" EDWARDUS DERING, de Surenden Dering,
in comitatu Cantii, miles et baronettus : pro comitatu
prsedicto miles ad parliamentum, 1640." C. Johnson p.
G. Glover sc. Frontisp. to his " Speeches in matters of
Religion" 1640; 4to.
EDWARDUS DERING, &c. Copied from the above.
Moncornet e.rc.
SIR EDWARD BERING. Hollar f. a small oval.
EDWARDUS DERING, &c. IZmo.
Sir Edward Dering, a man of parts and eloquence, was a great
friend to the constitution, and no less an enemy to the exorbitancies
of the administration. He entered with zeal into the business of
reforming abuses ; but was carried by his vanity further than he at
first intended to go. His principal motive, according to Lord Cla
rendon, for bringing the bill for extirpating bishops, deans, and
chapters, into the House of Commons, was the application of two
lines of Ovid,* which he thought a very pretty introduction to an
* Cuncta prius tentanda, sed imraedicabile vulnus
Ense recidendum est, ne pars sincera trabatur.
" Metamorph." lib. I. ver. 190, 191.
VOL. III. C
1
10 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
harangue.* Upon the erection of the royal standard at Notting
ham, he entered into the service of the king, raised a regiment of
horse at his own expense, and commanded it in person. He ap
pears to have been loyal from principle, though some imputed his
loyalty to levity. He was a great sufferer in the royal cause, by
imprisonment, sequestration, and plunder. Echard says that he
entered into priest s orders, and became " an earnest suitor for the
deanery of Canterbury ; but being disappointed, turned again from
the king, and ended his days in obscurity."f This is of very doubt
ful authority ; justice seems to be done to his memory, in an ano
nymous letter, published by Hearne, at the end of his preface to
" Tho. Sprotti Chronica."
JOHN SELDEN, the learned lawyer, was sometimes a speaker
in parliament against the court, and great attention was always
paid him on account of his excellent knowledge of the constitution.
He pleaded, as counsel for Hamden, in the famous trial concerning
ship-money ; was very active against the Earl of Strafford and
Archbishop Laud; and a principal instrument in depriving the
bishops of their votes. See the next Class.
EDMUND WALLER, who had a rich vein of eloquence, as well
as poetry, distinguished himself as a speaker in parliament, before
he arrived at the age which is now requisite for admission into that
great assembly. See Class IX.
OLIVER CROMWELL, who had been long used to farming
in the country, made a very uncouth appearance at his first coming
into the House of Commons.}: "Who (says Dr. South) that had
beheld such a bankrupt, beggarly fellow as Cromwell, first entering
the parliament-house, with a thread-bare torn cloak, and a greasy
hat (and perhaps neither of them paid for), could have suspected,
that in the space of so few years, he should, by the murder of one
king, and the banishment of another, ascend the throne, be invested
* His voice was remarkably sonorous and agreeable; he was, therefore, called the
Silver Trumpet, at the bar of the House of Commons.
t " History of England," p. 609.
$ See a picturesque description of his person, in Sir Philip Warwick s Memoirs,"
p. 427.
OF ENGLAND. 11
in the royal robes, and want nothing of the state of a king;, but the
changing of his hat into a crown."*
SIR JOHN HOTHAM, (a member of the House
of Commons) governor of Hull; on horseback ; large
4to. rare.
SIR JOHN HOTHAM, &c. on horseback ; small 4to.
sold by P. Stent.
SIR JOHN HOTHAM, on horseback ; 4to. Richardson.
SIR JOHN HOTHAM ; ditto. Harding.
SIR JOHN HOTHAM ; oval. Thane.
SIR JOHN HOTHAM ; whole length, standing in a
room ; view of Hull, &?c. rare.
Sir John Hotham, a man of a timid and irresolute nature, and
without any firm principles of attachment to the king or parliament,
was, by the latter, appointed governor of the town of Hull, the most
considerable magazine of arms and ammunition in the kingdom.
Charles, perceiving to what lengths the commons were proceeding,
was determined to seize this fortress ; but was peremptorily refused
admittance, when he appeared before it in person, by the governor,
who was instantly proclaimed a traitor. Though Hotham was em
ployed, he was not trusted : his son, who was much more devoted
to the parliament, was a constant check and spy upon him. At
length, both father and son were prevailed upon to listen to the
overtures of some of the royalists, and to enter into a correspon
dence with them. This quickly brought them to the block. They
died unlamented by either party ; and were, by many, regarded
as victims to the just vengeance of heaven, rather than martyrs to
the royal cause. Ob. Jan. 1644-5.
* " Sermons," I. p. 311. As Dr. South was a severe satirist, we must make
some allowance for this description, which he has made somewhat outre to answer
his purpose.
12 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CLASS VI.
MEN OF THE ROBE.
THOMAS, lord Coventry, lord-keeper. J. Hou-
braken sc. 174]. In the possession of William Cooper,
esq. Illust. Head.
THOMAS COVENTRY, &c. Martin D. (roeshout) sc.
THOMAS COVENTRY, &c. C. Johnson p. Vander-
gucht sc. Svo. There is a good portrait of him at
Lord Hyde s : it came from Cornbury.
THOMAS, lord Coventry. Gardiner sc. 4to.
THOMAS, lord Coventry. Elstracke sc.
THOMAS, lord Coventry; in Park s " Noble
Authors."
THOMAS, first lord Coventry, lord-keeper. J. S.
A gar sc. 1815 ; from the original of Cornelius Jansen,
in the collection of the Right Honourable the Earl of
Clarendon; in Lodge s " Illustrious Portraits."
Promoted It was ^ e singular felicity of the lord-keeper Coventry to have
Nov. a. raised himself to his high office, by his great knowledge of the
Created a ^ aws * ^ ave adorned it by the most exact and impartial correction
baron the of the abuses of them ; and to have died when law and equity
A 0t ril f were tnemse l ves hastening to a dissolution. Ob. 14 Jan. 1639-40.
1628* Dorothy, his youngest daughter, wife of Sir John Packington, of
Westwood, in Worcestershire, was supposed to be the author of
OF ENGLAND. 13
" The Whole Duty of Man." It is certain that a copy of it in her
hand-writing, was found at Westwood.*
JOHN FINCH, lord Finch, of Fordwich (lord-
keeper). E. Bower p. Hollar f. a small oval.
There is a small neat print of him and Sir Francis
Windebank, with " Finch s wings, flying to a Windy
Bank :" i. e. to Sir Francis Windebank; rare.
JOHN FINCH, lord Finch, &c. fac-simile copy of the
above. J. Thane.
JOHN, lord Finch; wood-cut ; standing between Arch
bishop Laud, and Alderman Abel ; in Hay wood s curious
tract, " Reader, here you II plainly see" 8$c. See Abel,
Class XII.
JOHN FINCH, lord Finch. C. Jansen. (Vertue.)
In Clarendon s " History" Svo.
The character of Lord Finch was just the reverse of that of his Promoted
23 Jan.
1639-40.
predecessor. He was one of those men, who, with some parts, and
more var.ity, fancy themselves qualified for the highest offices,
without the due methods of study and preparation. He wrested
the laws to a perverse meaning, to answer the purposes of a
* Ballard s " Memoirs."
William Chappel, bishop of Cork and Ross in Ireland, was, by some, supposed
to be the author of that excellent book. It has also been attributed to the arch
bishops Frewen and Sterne.
At p. 74, of Oldfield s " Divine Discourses," it is said, that William Fulman, a
native of Penshurst, in Kent, and amanuensis to Dr. Hammond, was the author of
it; but in the preface prefixed to the folio edition of the author of " The Whole
Duty of Man s Works," printed in 1684, it is plainly signified that the author was
then dead: he, therefore, could not be Fulman, who undoubtedly died in 1688.f
This book and Dr. Hammond s " Practical Catechism," seem to have been the
main props of our religion after the restoration of Charles II.
t See Wood, ii. col. 824. See more on this subject in Ballard s " Memoirs,"
Article PACKINGTON.
14 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY . ,
despotic court ; and was ever an advocate for ship-money, or any
other illegal imposts. Soon after the meeting of the Long Parlia
ment, the apprehension of being brought to severe justice, hurried
him into a foreign country, and he died in exile.
SIR EDWARD LITTLETON, lord chief-justice
of the Common Pleas, afterward lord Littleton of
Mounslow in Salop, lord-keeper of the great seal.
A. Vandyckp. (Faithorne.) Peakeevc. scarce.
SIR EDWARD LITTLETON, &c. Vandyckp. R. Wil
liams f. h. sh. mezz.
This print, which is well executed, was extremely scarce. Mr.
Walpole and the late Mr. West had the only proofs* that I had
seen before the first edition of this work was printed. I have since
seen several, in other collections.
SIR EDWARD LITTLETON, &c. Voerst sc.
EDWARD LITTLETON, &c. lord-keeper. Pcake
h. sh.
EDVARDUS LITTLETON, &c. W. Faithorne, without
his name; sold by Robert Peake; small oval ; scarce.
EDVARDUS LITTLETON, &c. R. White; fol.
EDWARD LITTLETON, &c. Svo. in Clarendon.
Lord-keeper LITTLETON; in (i Noble Authors," by
Mr. Park.
* It may not be improper here to inform some of my readers, that a proof-print
is one of the first that are taken from a copper-plate. It is generally known by the
strength and clearness of the impression, and having no inscription, which is sup
posed to be added afterward. But a proof , simply, is used for any print wrought
off from a copper-plate, and answers to a copy of a book wrought off at the printing-
press.
OF ENGLAND. 15
EDWARD LITTLETON, &c. lord-keeper. Stent ;
I2mo.
There is an original of him in the long gallery at Gorhambury.
Edward, lord Littleton, descended from the famous Judge Lit- Promoted
tleton, author of the * Tenures," and was himself as eminent a 1540-1".
lawyer. " His very name," says Lloyd, "carried an hereditary credit Created
with it ;"-* and the world knows, that the credit of it was never is"^,. %
carried higher than it was by the late lord. Sir Edward Coke, who 8 Car. I.
was far from being inclined to speak too favourably of any person
of his own profession, styled him " a well poised and weighed
man ;" and he is well known to have held the balance of justice
even, when there was the greatest need of a steady hand. As
long as he kept the seal, he was careful never to misapply it : and
when he could keep it no longer, he, with his own hands, delivered
it to the king. He died the 27th of August, 1645, and was then
colonel of a regiment of foot in Oxford. His principal work is
his "Reports," published in 1683, folio.
RANULPHUS CREW, eques auratus, nuper
capitalis justiciarius ad placita coram rege tenenda
assignatus. W. Hollar /, 1664. This, and several
other good heads of judges, by Hollar, are in Sir
William Dugdale s " Origin es Juridiciales ;" fol.
Sir Randolph Crew was, in 1626, removed from his place, for Promoted
not promoting the loan. His example was followed by two or 26 Jan -
three only of the judges. The rest were willing to keep their
places ; and soothed their consciences, by altering a clause in their
patent : f as if there were any material difference betwixt breaking
laws already made, and making new ones without proper authority.
Sir Randolph died in 1642.
ROBERTUS HEATH, justiciarius, &c. Hollar f.
h.sh. ubi supra.
There is a portrait of him in the master s lodge, at St. John s
College, in Cambridge.
* " State Worthies," p. 1003.
t May s " Breviary of the Hist, of the Parl." p. 7.
16
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Promoted
26 Oct.
1631.
1642.
SIR ROBERT HEATH. J. Thane,
Sir Robert Heath was, by the interest of the Duke of Bucking
ham, made attorney-general in the reign of James I. ;* and in that
of Charles, constituted lord chief-justice of the Common Pleas. In
October, 1634, he was removed from his office, and was, in 1640,
made a justice of the King s Bench. Lloyd speaks of him as a
man of a conscientious character ; but he is contradicted by other
writers. His words are, "When he doubted his majesty was ad
vised to press too much upon the subjects, he, rather than go
against his conscience, quitted his place of chief-justice of the
King s Bench. "f According to the Earl of Clarendon, he was made
lord chief-justice of that court, to attaint the Earl of Essex, and
many others, who were then in arms against the king.]: It is
certain, whatever his character was, that he was obnoxious to the
parliament, and that he fled into France. He died at Calais in
1649, Mt. 75. He was author of " Maxims and Rules of Plead
ing," 1694; 8vo.
Promoted
3 May,
SIR RICHARD BUTTON, one of the justices
of the King s Bench. W. Hollar f. a small oval.
Sir Richard Hutton, who looked with more reverence upon the
j aws t han U p 0n fae king, pleaded for Hamden in the famous case
of ship-money. Charles, who knew his inflexible character, still
continued to call him "The honest judge." This excellent lawyer,
and good man, died in February, 1638. He made it his request,
that no sermon should be preached at his funeral, though many
of the clergy were very ready to do that justice for him. His
virtues, which could not be concealed, sufficiently spoke for them-
* Sir Anthony Weldon tells us, that Sir Robert Heath and Lord Bacon paid
pensions to the Duke of Buckingham, out of their places: but we must be cautious
in giving credit to this author, who was inclined to think and believe too much ill
of mankind, always to do them justice. " Court and Character of King James,"
p. 129.
t " Memoirs," p. 584. He was not then chief-justice of the King s Bench.
See the " Summary of the Hist, of England," at the end of " Rapin s Hist." See
also the " Lives of the Chancellors," Artie. FINCH.
$ Clarendon, II. p. 42. He is there said to have succeeded Sir John Bram-
stone, who was lord chief-justice of the King s Bench.
OF ENGLAND. 17
selves.* His " Argument," &c. concerning ship-money, was pub
lished in quarto, 1641. His " Reports have been twice printed;
the last edition in 1682, fol.
GULIELMUS JONES, eques auratus, et utri-
usque banci justiciarius. W.Sherw msc. Before his
"Reports" fol.
Sir William Jones was of eminent skill in the municipal laws ; but Promoted
his memory suffers on account of his open judgment for ship-money ; mon
the unhappy consequences of which he did not live to see. He thei6thof
was author of " Reports of divers special Cases in the King s T *
Bench and Common Pleas, from the eighteenth of King James I. King s
to the sixteenth of King Charles I." in French, folio. This book Bench,
is cited as First Jones s Reports, to distinguish it from the Reports 1627.
of Sir Thomas Jones, who flourished in the reign of Charles II.
Ob. 1640.
GEORGIUS CROKE, eques auratus, et utriusque
banci justiciarius. Vaughan sc. h.sh.
SIR GEORGE CROok (Croke). Hollar f. a small
oval.
GEORGIUS CROKE. Gaywoodf. h.sh.
GEORGIUS CROKE. R. White sc. h. sh.
This, and the other heads, are before his " Reports."
* I would have every man s virtues do the same ; and am not at all concerned
that funeral sermons are now disused ; though I have good materials of that kind
by me, and the practice of preaching them would be a considerable augmentation
of a small vicarage. It is always expected that something handsome should be said
of the deceased ; and it is sometimes impossible for a preacher to satisfy his con
science, and the expecting part of his audience. I was lately credibly informed,
that an honest clergyman in the country was obliged to preach a sermon at the fu
neral of a person who had very few virtues to counterbalance a great number of no
torious vices; and that he summed up a very ambiguous panegyric on him, which
consisted almost wholly of negatives, by saying, that " As the world goes, he was a
tolerably honest man."
VOL. III. D
18 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR GEORGE CROKE. Cross sc. 1664 ; to the " Con-
veyancer s Light."
Promoted Sir George Croke, son of Sir John Croke of Chilton, in Bucking-
num^PleaT namsn ire, joined to a very uncommon natural capacity, all the in-
the iithof dustry requisite to make a figure in his profession ; and what was
Tcfth 1623 more to h s nonour than both, an invincible integrity. He pleaded
King s with his usual ability against ship-money ; and his arguments in
Bench, the that case are publised with Sir Richard Hutton s. He died the
1628. 15th of February, 1641. His " Reports," in three volumes, folio,
were published after his decease, by Sir Harbottle Grimston,
his son-in-law : the third edition was printed 1683. Of the same
family was Croke, esq. of Chilton, who was notorious for
swearing a robbery against Mr. Robert Hawkins, the parson of his
parish, with whom he had a quarrel about tithes. The trial, which
contains a curious relation of much artful villany, and as artful
a discovery of it by Sir Matthew Hale, the judge, is in print.
SIR THOMAS MALLET. Cooper sc. 4to. from
a drawing in the King s " Clarendon?
Sir Thomas Mallet, one of the judges appointed by King Charles
the First, coming under the displeasure of the House of Commons
for only being reported to have seen a petition from the county of
Kent, " that the militia might not be otherwise exercised in that
county, than the known law permitted; and that the book of Com
mon Prayer, established by law, might be observed ;" was, by the
house, committed prisoner to the Tower, but shortly after regaining
his liberty, in the summer circuit sat as judge of assize at Maid-
stone, when some members of the House of Commons, under
the title of a committee of parliament, came to the bench ; and,
producing some votes, orders, and declarations of one or both
houses of parliament, required of him that they should be read.
He told them " that he sat there by virtue of his majesty s commis
sions, and that he was authorized to do any thing comprised in
those commissions ; but he had no authority to do any thing else ;
and, therefore, there being no mention, in either of his commissions,
of those papers, or the publishing any thing of that nature, he
could not, and would not do it." Finding no respect paid by the
judge to their mission, the committee returned to the house, where
OF ENGLAND. 19
they represented Judge Mallet " as the fomenter and protector of
a malignant faction against the parliament." Upon this charge, a
troop of horse was sent to attend an officer ; who came with a war
rant from the houses to Kingston, in Surrey, where the judge was
holding the general assizes for the county ; and in a forcible and
violent manner took him from the bench, and carried him prisoner
to Westminster ; from whence, by the two houses, he was com
mitted to the Tower of London, where he remained for the space
of above two years, without ever being charged with any particular
crime, till he was released by exchange of another person, whose
liberation the parliament desired.
SIR ROBERT BARKLEY (BERKELEY), one of
the justices of the King s Bench. W. Hollar f. a small
oval.
SIR ROBERT BERKELEY, knt. from an original
picture in the possession of Robert Berkeley, esq. of
Spetchly , his great-grandson. G. Powlef. Svo. The
print exactly corresponds with the picture, which is a just
likeness of him.
SIR ROBERT BERKELEY. Cross sc. 1664 ; in the
title to the " Conveyancer s Light"
SIR ROBERT BARKLEY; small oval. W.Richardson.
SIR ROBERT BERKELEY, with Alderman Abel;
wood-cut; curious. His monument in Spetchly church,
engraved also by Powle, is in Dr. Nash s " History
of Worcestershire."
Sir Robert Berkeley, who was the second son of Rowland Promoted
Berkeley, esq. of Spetchly, in Worcestershire, was, by the female ^ e lltllof
line, descended from Thomas Mowbray, duke of Norfolk, who
flourished in the reign of Henry IV. and V. As he lived in an age
when the genius of the government had a strong tendency to des-
20 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
potism, when the prerogative had been exerted upon almost every
emergency, and when the judges held their places during the plea
sure of the king, he, with eleven of his brethren,* gave his opinion
for ship-money ; and, if we may judge from the tenor of his con
duct in private life, as well as upon the bench, from honest motives.
As he had been active in what he seems to have thought his duty,
and was a man of fortune, he was singled out by the parliament as
a proper object of their vengeance. He was impeached of high-
treason, and adjudged to pay a fine of 20,OOOZ. to be deprived of
his office of judge, and rendered incapable of holding any place, or
receiving any honour in the state or commonwealth ; he was,
moreover, to be imprisoned in the Tower during the pleasure of the
House of Lords. Having made some " satisfaction" for his fine to
the parliament, he was, by their authority, discharged from the
whole, and set at liberty, after he had been upwards of seven
months in the Tower. He afterward suffered greatly by the plun-
derings and exactions of the rebels ; and a little before the battle
of Worcester, the Presbyterians, though engaged in the king s ser
vice, retained their ancient animosity against him, and burnt his
house at Spetchly to the ground. He afterward converted the
stables into a dwelling-house, and lived with content, and even
dignity, upon the wreck of his fortune. He was a true son of the
church of England, and suffered more from the seduction of his
only son Thomas to the church of Rome, at Brussels, than from all
the calamities of the civil war. He died on the 5th of August,
1656, in the seventy-second year of his age. Some of his descend
ants are now in a flourishing state, at Spetchly, in Worcestershire.f
I am credibly informed, that a great deal of his face has been
transmitted to his posterity,
SIR JOHN BRAMSTON. Cooper sc. 4to. from
a drawing in the King s " Clarendon"
Sir John Bramston, a man of great learning and integrity, was
made chief-justice of the King s Bench, in this reign, but without
any purpose of disfavour was by the king removed from that office,
* Namely, John Bramston, John Finch, Humphry Davenport, John Denham,
Richard Hutton, William Jones, George Croke, Thomas Trevor, George Vernon,
Francis Crawley, and Richard Weston.
t Fiom authentic papers communicated by John Berkeley, of Charlton, esq.
OF ENGLAND. 21
in order to make way for Justice Heath to sit upon a commission
of Oyer and Terminer, to attaint the Earl of Essex, and many other
persons (who were in rebellion) of high-treason. The reason of
Sir John for declining this duty was, because he stood bound by
recognizance to attend the parliament, upon an accusation depend
ing there against him.
Sir John Bramston, it appears, was never out of favour with the
parliament ; for in one of the humble addresses of both houses to
the king at Oxford, presented by the Earl of Northumberland, one
of the requests was, that his majesty would be pleased by his
letters patent, to make Sir John Bramston chief-justice of the
court of King s Bench : but it does not appear he ever acted in
that capacity after the appointment of Chief-justice Heath to that
office.
SIR JOHN GLANVILLE, M. 55, 1640, speaker
of the House of Commons in the short parliament.
Clamp sc.
SIR JOHN GLANVILLE ; fol. W. N. Gardiner sc.
Sir John Glanville, younger son of John Glanville, of Tavistock,
in Devonshire, was bred an attorney, and studied the common law
in Lincoln s Inn. He became an eminent counsellor, and was
elected recorder of Plymouth, and burgess to serve that place in
several parliaments.* He was Lent reader of Lincoln s Inn, and
in 1639, made serjeant at law : the year following he was elected
speaker for that parliament which begun on the 13th of April,
in which he shewed himself active to promote the king s desires ;
and the same year he became one of the king s Serjeants, being
esteemed an excellent orator, and a good lawyer. In 1641 he re
ceived the honour of knighthood from his majesty at Whitehall ;
and when the king was forced to leave the parliament, he followed
him to Oxford, and was very serviceable to him. In 1645 he lost
his seat in parliament for his delinquency. He withdrew into
retirement ; but when the king s cause declined he was committed
* See his speech on the petition of right, in the year 1628 (in Rushworth s Col
lections, vol. i. p. 574). It may be considered as one of the most nervous, and
spirited, pieces of oratory in the English language.
22 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
to prison ; although on making a composition he was released.
In 1660, after the return of King Charles II. he was made his ser-
jeant. He died 1661, and was buried in the church at Broad Kirton,
in Wiltshire. See Harding s " Biographical Mirrour," " Wood s
Fasti/ &c.
SIR WILLIAM NOY,* attorney-general. C.John-
son p. Svo.
WILLIAM NOY, attorney- general to Charles I.
large ruff. Before his " Compleat Lawyer ;" Svo.
SIR WILLIAM NOY, in a Van Dye k dress ; in an
oval. H. Meyer, 4 to. (Fait home.)
Promoted William Noy, attorney-general, was, for his quick apprehension,
solid judgment, and retentive memory, equal, at least, to any of the
lawyers of his time. But with all these great, he had no amiable
qualities ; he was ill-natured, haughty, and unpolite. He had the
principal hand in the most oppressive expedients for raising money
for the king, and seems not to have had the least notion of public
spirit. He was, in a word, a man of an enlarged head, and a con
tracted heart.f See an account of his learned and judicious works,
in the " Athenee Oxon." Ob. 9 August, 1634.
* In Archbishop Laud s "Diary," where his death is noted, he is styled Mr.
William Noy.
t Howel informs us, that his heart was literally contracted ; " that it was shrivelled
like a leather penny purse, when he was dissected." See Howei s " Letter to Lord
Savage," vol. i. p. 241, which contains some particulars relative to the above cha
racter. Mr. Hargrave, in his edit, of Coke upon Littleton, has the following note
at p. 54. " As Lord Hale makes so frequent a reference to Noy s Reports, it may
not be amiss to apprise the student, that the book is known by the name of that
very learned lawyer, yet there is not the least reason to suppose that such a loose
collection of notes was intended by him for the public eye. In an edition of Noy s
Reports, penes Editorem, there is the following observations upon them in manu
script : A Simple Collection of Scraps of Cases, made by Serjeant Sizerfrom Noy s loose
Papers ; and imposed upon the World for the Reports of that vile prerogative Fellow
Noy. This account of Noy s Reports, which was probably written soon after the
first publication in 1656, though expressed in terms inexcusably gross, contains an
anecdote not altogether useless."
OF ENGLAND. 23
SIR DUDLEY DIGGES; from an original pic
ture by Cornelius Jansen, in the possession of Thomas
Dowdeswell, esq. H* R. Cooke sc.
SIR DUDLEY DIGGES ; in an oval; mezz. Woodburn
exc. Svo.
Sir Dudley Digges was born in the year 1583 ; and in 1598
entered a gentleman commoner of University College, Oxford ;
where, in 1601, he took the degree of bachelor of arts. He after
ward studied the law in the inns of court, and having received the
honour of knighthood, commenced his travels, in order to improve
his skill in languages, and increase his general knowledge.
In 1618, King James sent him ambassador to the Emperor of
Russia; and two years afterward he was commissioned, with Sir
Maurice Abbot, to proceed to Holland to demand restitution of
some English property which had been seized by the Dutch in the
East Indies. He was a member of James s third parliament, which
met in January 1620-21 ; but he complied so little with the des
potic measures of the court, that the king ranked him among the
number whom he was pleased to stigmatize by the phrase " ill-
tempered spirits." He was likewise a member of the first parlia
ment of Charles I. in 1626, and not only joined with those patriots
who were for bringing Villiers, duke of Buckingham, the king s
great favourite, to justice, but so strenuously exerted himself in the
business of the impeachment, as to be chosen one of its chief ma
nagers; a conduct which gave such high offence, that the king
committed him to the Tower, together with Sir John Elliot, another
manager, who, like Digges, had descanted on the duke s guilt.
Within a few days, however, they were both released ; Charles
finding it necessary to appease the storm, which this arbitrary
arrest had produced.
In 1627-28, Sir Dudley was chosen a knight of the shire for
Kent in Charles s third parliament ; in which it appears that his
opposition to the ministry was not so determined as before. In
the following year, when the commons were on the eve of being
dissolved, in consequence of their firm stand against the illegal
proceedings of the king, the speaker, Sir John Finch, interrupted
the business by saying, "There is a command laid upon me, that
I must order you not to proceed," and attempted to " go forth of
24 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
his chair/* but was held in by force, till the house had voted a
strong protestation against innovations in religion, and levying the
subsidies of tonnage and poundage. On this occasion Sir Dudley
vented his uneasiness in these words : " I am as much grieved as
ever. Must we not proceed ? let us sit in silence : we are miser
able : we know not what to do."
The great talents of Sir Dudley, and his influence in the com
mons, made the court consider it as a matter of the first impor-
ance to sway him, if possible, to their interest. Accordingly, in
1630, they tempted him with a reversionary grant of the honour
able and advantageous office of master of the Rolls; which partly
answered the intent, as he accepted the grant on the 30th of No
vember ; yet, as no other parliament was called during the conti
nuance of his life, how far his tergiversation might have been car
ried is unknown. When the mastership became vacant, on the
decease of Sir Julius Csesar in April, 1636, Sir Dudley was put into
possession, yet he did not enjoy it quite three years ; for he died
on the 18th of March, 1638-39: his death, as his epitaph ex
presses it, being " reckoned by the wisest men, among the public
calamities of the times. He was buried within a small chapel or
monument room, which he had himself caused to be erected in
Chilham church, Kent, in remembrance of his lady, who died in
May, 1631. Their issue was eight sons and three daughters : of
whom Dudley, the third son, was master of arts, and fellow of All
Souls College, Oxford. West Digges, the well-known comedian,
was great-grandson of Sir Dudley ; he being the issue of John
Digges, by Elizabeth, daughter of John, lord Delaware.
SIR CHARLES CyESAR, knt. master of the
Rolls ; 4to. R. Wilkinson eve.
Sir Charles Csesar was the third son of Sir Julius, but by the
death of both his elder brothers became his heir. He was bom
the 27th of Jan. 1589, educated at All Souls College, Oxford, ad
mitted doctor of laws in that university Dec. 7th, 1612, and received
the honour of knighthood, at the palace of Theobalds, Oct. 6th, in
the succeeding year. He, like his father, first practised in the pro
fession of the civil law, and, having held for some years in its court
the office of master of the faculties, was promoted to the now
obsolete station of jud^e of the court of audience, which then
OF ENGLAND. 25
Tanked with the highest in that branch of jurisprudence : like his
father also, he relinquished that profession for, or at least mingled
it with, that of a chancery lawyer, in which court he became a
master on the 30th of Sept. 1619. He rose too at length to the
important and dignified post of master of the Rolls, in which he
succeeded Sir Dudley Digges. True it is, however strange it may
appear, that he purchased the appointment of Charles the First, for
a sum of money, in the commencement of that unfortunate prince s
distresses. We find in the MSS. of his second son, Mr. Charles
Caesar, the following memorandum: "June the 14th, 1640, Sir
Charles Caesar, knight, was sworn master of the Rolls in Chancery,
or assistant judge to the lord high-chancellor of England ; for which
high and profitable office he paid to King Charles the First, 15,000/.
broad pieces of old gold ; and lent the king 2,000. more, when he
went to meet his rebellious Scotch army, invading England."
He enjoyed the fruit of his purchase little more than two years,
for on the 6th of December, 1642, he fell a prey to the small-pox,
a malady peculiarly fatal in his family, aged 53.
Sir Charles Csesar was twice married ; first to Anne, daughter
of Sir Peter Vanlore, knight, an eminent merchant of London, by
whom he had two daughters. His second lady was Jane, daughter
of Sir Edward Barkhara, knight, an alderman of London, who
served the office of lord mayor in 1622.
DAVID JENKINS, a judge in the civil (common)
law; 4to. whole length; rare.
DAVID JENKINS, &c. sLv English verses. W. M.
(Marshall) sc. Ylmo.
DAVID JENKINS; frontispiece to his Works, 1681;
David Jenkins, a Welsh judge, imprisoned and condemned
several persons for bearing arms against Charles I. for which he
was sent to the Tower. When he was brought to the bar of the
House of Commons, he peremptorily disowned their jurisdiction.
Expecting daily to be hanged, he came to a resolution to suffer
with the Bible under one arm, and Magna Charta under the other.
VOL. III. E
26 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
His vindication of himself, and several other occasional pieces of
his writing, were printed in 12mo. 1648, with his head by Marshall.
Ob. 1663, &t. circ. 81.* Ant. Wood, for reflecting on the Earl of
Clarendon, in his account of this judge, in the " Athense Oxoni-
enses," vol. ii. p, 212, was sentenced to have a copy of that book
burnt, to be fined thirty-four pounds, and expelled the university of
Oxford. See Granger s " Letters," p. 272.
RICHARDUS BROWNLOW, armiger, capitalis
protonotarius in curia de Banco. T. Cross sc. 4Jo.
JEt. 86. Frontisp. to his " Brevia Judicialia" fol.
RICHARDUS BROWNLOWE, &c. T. Cross sc. 4to.
JEt. 86 ; somewhat different from the former. Before his
" Declarations and Pleadings " 4to.
Both these prints are evidently after an original of him which I
saw at Belton, in the library of the late Sir John Cust, bart. speaker
of the House of Commons. They are dated, JEt. 86 ; but it
appears from the original, that he was not so old when that was
painted.
Richard Brownlowe, esq. prothonotary of the King s Bench, was
founder of the Tyrconnel family. Besides the above-mentioned
works, he was author of a " Book of Entries," and joint-author
with J. Goldsborough, esq. of a book of " Reports." See Worrall s
" Catalogue of Law Books."
JOHANNES SELDENUS; ex tabula, in Biblio-
theca Bodleiana. Vandyck p. Faber,jun.f. 1713; 4to.
* Captain Jenkins, his great-grandson, was said to have had his ears cut off, in
the reign of George II. by a captain of a Spanish ship, who insultingly bid him
carry them to the king, his master: to this Mr. Pope alludes :
" The Spaniard did a waggish thing,
Who cropt our ears, and sent them to the king."
This was a falsehood, propagated to inflame. A friend informed me, that he was in
the House of Commons when Captain Jenkins was examined before the parliament
concerning this affair; and that he then saw both his ears : and that they were on
at the time of his death.
OF ENGLAND. 27
JOHANNES SELDENUS, jureconsultus. Lelyp. Ver-
tue sc. 1725; h. sh.
JOHANNES SELDENUS. Before Dr. Pocock s edition
of " Eutychius? fol.
JOHANNES SELDENUS. Burghers sc. In the fron
tispiece to the " Catalogue of the Bodleian Library,"
with the founder, and principal benefactors.
JOHANNES SELDENUS. Van Hove sc. 1677 ; I2mo.
JOHANNES SELDENUS. R. White sc. h. sh.
JOHANNES SELDEN, &c. a library in the background;
four Latin verses. G. L. p. h. sh. scarce.
JOHANNES SELDENUS. /. Chantry sc. to his " Na
tivity of Christ."
JOHN SELDEN. W, Fait home ; J.Sturt.
JOHN SELDEN. P.Lely; W. Birch; 1789.
JOHN SELDEN. W.Hollsc. From the original of
Mytens, in the Bodleian Gallery, Oxford.
John Selden, sometimes styled " The great dictator of learning
of the English nation," and pronounced by Grotius, his antagonist,
to be the glory of it, was a man of as extensive and profound
knowledge as any of his age. He was thoroughly skilled in every
thing that related to his own profession ; but the general bent of
his studies was to sacred and profane antiquity. The greater part
of his works are on uncommon subjects. Like a man of genius, he
was not content with walking in the beaten track of learning, but
was for striking out new paths, and enlarging the territories of
science. His " History of Tithes" gained him more enemies than
28 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
any of his works, and his " Mare clausum usum" did him the
most honour.* Towards the close of his life, he saw the emp
tiness of all human learning ; and owned, that out of the num
berless volumes he had read and digested, nothing stuck so close
to his heart, or gave him such solid satisfaction, as a single passage
out of St. Paul s Epistles. f Ob. 30 Nov. 1654, and was buried on
the south side of the round walk in the Temple church. His
works were published in three volumes, folio, by Dr. David Wil-
kins, 1725.J
WILLIAM PRYNNE, esq. oval. Stent.
Another, M. 40, 1640 ; four English verses.
WILLIAM PRYNNE. Hollar f. a small oval. Under
the print, is an account of his being pilloried, fined, and
imprisoned, for writing his " Histro-Mastix? 8$c.
WILLIAM PRYNNE, barrister at law; Svo. in Lord
Clarendons " History."
WILLIAM PRYNNE ; mezz. R. Dunkarton; small
quarto.
WILLIAM PRYNNE; in Smolletfs "History.
Benoist sc.
WILLIAM PRYNNE; oval; in prison; four verses,
" Allfiesh is grass," $c. a sheet of letter-press, with an
account of the places and times of imprisonment,
. 49, 1653. In the manner of Hollar ; rare.
WILLIAM PRYNNE, presenting his book to King
Charles II. sheet; scarce; from his " Records."
Written against Grotius, of whom he had the advantage.
t Titus ii. 1114.
Properly in six, though they arc sometimes bound in three. BINDLEY.
OF ENGLAND. - 29
In the Bodleian Gallery at Oxford, is a portrait said to be of
him ; but I believe it to be of some other person. It belonged to
the late Dr. Rawlinson.
William Prynne, a man of sour and austere principles, took upon
himself the office of censor, and boldly stepped forth to correct every
enormity in church and state. He wrote against bishops, players,
long hair, and love-locks ; and was therefore dignified by his party
with the appellation of Cato. He was a man of great reading ; and
there appear in his writings a copiousness without invention, and a
vehemence without spirit. Mr. Wood supposes that he wrote a
sheet for every day of his life, computing from the time of his
arrival at man s estate. He says, " His custom was, when he
studied, to put on a long quilted cap, which came an inch over his
eyes, serving as an umbrella to defend them from too much light ;
and seldom eating a dinner, would every three hours, or more, be
maunching a roll of bread, and now and then refresh his exhausted
spirits, with ale."* To this Butler seems to allude, in his address
to his muse :
" Thou that with ale, or viler liquors,
Didst inspire Withers, Prynne, and Vicars;
And teach them, though it were in spight
Of nature, and their stars, to write."
This voluminous rhapsodist gave his works, in forty volumes
folio and quarto, to the society of Lincoln s Inn. There is a cata
logue of them in the " Athenae Oxonienses." The most valuable
of his performances by far, is his " Collection of Records," in four
large volumes, which is a very useful work.f Ob. 24 Oct. 1669.
ROBERT AYLETT, master in Chancery, 1635,
JEt. 52. T. Cross f. 8vo. It is before his " Divine
and Moral Speculations," in verse, 1654 ; Svo. Copied
by W. Richardson.^
* " Athenae Oxon." ii. col. 434.
t After the restoration, lie was made chief-keeper of the records in the Tower,
with a salary of 500/. a year.
J The print may be placed here, next to the common lawyers ; or after Richard
Brownlow, esq. in this class.
30 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Robert Aylett was educated at Trinity Hall, in Cambridge,
where, in 161 4, he commenced doctor of laws. It was his usual
practice to relax himself after his severer studies with poetry.
Besides the book just mentioned, he wrote " Susanna, or the
Arraignment of the two Elders," in verse, Lond. 1622, 8vo. Mr.
Wood starts a question,* whether he was author of " Britannia
Antiqua Illustrata, or the Antiquities of ancient Britain derived from
the Phoenicians," published under the name of Aylett Sammes ; but
said to be written by his uncle. Certain it is that the nominal
author was unequal to it ; though much learning and labour have
been spent on that wild work to very little purpose.
DR. ISAAC DORISLAUS, assassinated at the
Hague, May 12, 1649; from an original drawing in
the collection of Sir John St. Aubyn. W. Richardson exc.
Svo.
DR. ISAAC DORISLAUS ; in Caulfield s " High Court
of Justice ;" Svo.
i
DR. ISAAC DORTSLAUS, standing, with emblems of
Time and Truth. C.Pass; scarce.
There is a curious Dutch print of his assassination ;
4to. ; >; ; L
Doctor Dorislaus was a native of Holland, a scholar and a gen
tleman, who came to England to prosecute his studies : he resided
for a considerable time in the university of Oxford, where he ob
tained a degree as a doctor of laws, and became likewise a cele
brated professor there ; at the commencement of the civil war, he
became judge-advocate in the parliament army. He was in the
habit of strict intimacy with Sir Henry Mildmay, at whose house, in
Essex, he is reproached with ordinarily playing at cards on Sundays,
and that it was through Sir Henry s means he was employed to draw
up the charge against King Charles the First ; the rather, as no
Englishman could be found hardy enough to undertake the same !
" Fasti," ii. col. 20?-.
OF ENGLAND. 31
this however appears to be little more than surmise, for if a Brad-
shaw as president, and a Cook as solicitor-general, to recite the
charge in open court, could be procured, what doubt can be enter
tained, but similar individuals should have been found with equal
intrepidity to undertake, at any rate, a task of equal daring?
After the execution of the king, Dorislaus was selected by the
parliament as a fit person to go as their envoy to the states-gene
ral ; it being imagined he would be better received in that capacity,
as their own countryman, than any other person; and the know
ledge he possessed of most transactions during the progress of the
war, rendered him every way qualified to place the actions of the
British government in the most favourable light. He arrived at the
Hague in his quality of foreign minister in May, 1649 ; but the first
night, as he was at supper, one Colonel Whitford, a Scotchman
(then attending the king s court), with about twelve other royalists,
regretting and disdaining the affront done to the king, by the impu
dent boldness of Dorislaus address to the States in the face of his
majesty, entered his lodging, and with a broad sword cleaved his
head and killed him, suffering his page to escape ; but, by a mis
take, wounding another Dutchman for him at their first coming in ;
and, having done the deed, quietly departed : and though the States
pretended a hue and cry, yet the people were generally well satis
fied, and applauded the execution. The government of England,
on the contrary, as soon as intelligence of this assassination reached
London, was highly exasperated, and set forth a declaration, wherein
they imputed this fact to the royalists, and upon the next occasion
threatened to retaliate it upon those of that party then in their
hands ; notwithstanding which, Anthony Ascham, their agent and
envoy to the court of Spain, some time after, with his interpreter
Signior Riba, was served in the same manner, on his arrival at
Madrid at his inn, by one Sparks, and other English merchants,
upon the same account. When Sparks fled to the Venetian ambas
sadors, and thence to sanctuary, from which he was, however, soon
taken, and publicly executed.
The war which broke out between the Commonwealth and the
states of Holland in 1655, was, in great part, occasioned by the
public affronts offered to the ambassadors of the former, Dorislaus,
and St. John, in the very presence of the states -general : and they
gave the Dutch a taste of their displeasure, by their act, forbidding
foreign ships to trade hither.
32 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
A SCOTCH LAWYER.
SIR ALEXANDER GIBSON (his name not
inscribed). D. Patondelin. R. White sc. judge s robes;
laced cap ; large beard.
Sir Alexander Gibson, of Durie, one of the senators of the college
of Justice, was author of " Decisions of the Lords of Council in
Scotland, in cases of importance, from July, 1641, to 1642, with
the Defenders and Pursuers Names," fol. Edinburgh, 1690. The
head is prefixed to this book.
SIR THOMAS HOPE; from the original, by
Jamesone, in the possession of the Earl of Hopetoun.
E. Harding sc. Svo.
This eminent lawyer was the son of Henry Hope, a merchant of
Edinburgh, who had many commercial transactions with Holland,
where he afterward resided, and where he married Jacque or Jac
queline de Tott.*
His son Thomas soon distinguished himself at the bar : and was
made king s advocate in 1627, when he was also created a baronet
by King Charles I. He however attached himself to the Cove
nanters, and was consulted by them in all difficult points. The
king nevertheless, perhaps either to render him suspected to that
party, or with a view to win him over, appointed him commissioner
to the general assembly in August, 1643.
Sir Thomas Hope died in 1646, leaving large estates to three
sons ; the youngest, Sir James, being ancestor of the Hopetoun
family, which arose to great wealth from his marriage with Anne,
heiress of John Foulis of Leadhills, in Lanarkshire, these mines
being an unfailing source of opulence.
The works of Sir Thomas Hope on the Scotch law continue to be
valued : they are his Minor Practics, and his Decisions. He also
wrote some Latin poems, and an account of the Earls of Mar.
* A second son was, it is believed, the ancestor of the famous Hopes of Am
sterdam.
OF ENGLAND. 33
CLASS VII. -
OFFICERS OF THE ARMY AND NAVY.
FIRST DIVISION.
OFFICERS OF THE KINOES ARMY.
As the generality of the persons mentioned in the ensuing Class
were soldiers by accident, the accounts of them will, for the most
part, be found in other Classes : most of the general officers are
placed here.
SIR JOHN BURGH, knight,* descended from
the house of the Lord Burgh, and heir-male to the
barony ; captain of an English foot company in the
United Provinces ; governor of Frankendale ; colonel
of a regiment of foot in the expedition with Count
Mansfield ; colonel-general in the Isle of Rhee, where
he was slain with a musket-bullet, ^September 11,
1627." T. Cecill sc. very scarce. Prefixed to a very
scarce poetical quarto pamphlet, called, " The De
scription of that ever-to-be-famed knight, Sir John
Burgh, colonell-general of his Majesties armie, with
his last service at the Isle of Rhee, and his unfortu
nate death then when the armie had most need of
such a pilote. Written by Robert Markham, captain
of a foote company in the same regiment; and shot
also in the same service." Printed 1628.
Sir John Burgh, the brave governor of Frankendale, was of the
same family, but not the same person with Sir John Burgh, who
* He is placed here in order of time, not to interfere with the officers who com
manded in the civil war.
VOL. III. F
34 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was lieutenant-general to Sir Walter Raleigh, in his expedition to
Panama, and who^took the great and rich ship called the Madre de
Dios. They were both descended from Sir Thomas Burgh, lord
Burgh of Gainsborough. The elder Sir John died in 1593 ; and the
younger on the llth, or rather the 20th, of September, 1627, in the
41st year of his age.* He was one of the best soldiers of his time,
and greatly distinguished himself by his active and passive valour.
His portrait is among the rest of Sir Horace Vere s captains, at
Lord Townshend s, at Raynham, in Norfolk. Sir James Burrow,
fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies, is of the same family,
and has another portrait of him. I frankly own, that I fancied the
elder and younger Sir John Burgh to have been the same person,
and should have continued in that mistake, if this learned and
ingenious gentleman had not, with his pen, cleft in two my phan
tom, which was of a substance too gross ever to re-unite.
THOMAS HOWARDUS, comes Arundeliae et
Surrise, &c. An. 1639,;; contra Scotos, supremus et
generalis militiae dux. A.Vandyckp. W. Hollar f.
1646; h.sh. See Class II. fci -\V j.
HENRY RICH, earl of Holland, lord-general, &c.
Stent h. sh.
(
Henry Rich, earl of Holland, was lord-general of the horse under
the Earl of Arundel, in the expedition against the Scots, in 1639.
He was sent with a considerable part of the army, to engage a
small body of the Scottish forces under General Lesley, but retired
without striking a stroke. See Class III.
* In a manuscript copy of poems by George Lawder, afterward an officer of
high rank in the service of the States General, there is an epitaph on Sir John Bur
rows, as there called; it ends thus:
" To tell thee who it is, let this suffice,
Here noble, valiant, learn d, brave Burrows lies." LORD HAILES.
OF ENGLAND. 35
OFFICERS BELONGING TO THE NORTHERN DIVI
SION OF THE ARMY, UNDER THE EARL OF
NEWCASTLE AND PRINCE RUPERT ; ACCORD
ING TO THE LIST OF THE ROYAL AND PARLIA
MENTARY FORCES, PRINTED IN 1642; 4to.
WILLIAM CAVENDISH, earl of Newcastle, general of the
foot. See Class III.
WILLIAM VILLIERS, viscount Grandison, lieutenant-general
of the foot. See Class III.
SIR WILLIAM DAVENANT, poet-laureat, was a great fa
vourite of the Earl of Newcastle, who appointed him lieutenant-
general of his ordnance ;* but it was thought that he might easily
have found a person much better qualified for that command. We
read, that Alexander took Homer s Works with him in his expedi
tions ; but it is not probable that he would have taken the poet
himself, if he had been then living. Voltaire informs us,t that
Lewis XIV. in his pompous expedition to Flanders, was attended
by Vander Meulen the painter, and Pelisson the historian, to design
and record his victories ; but he does not say that he took Boileau
with him to sing them ; J and, if he did, he knew better how to em
ploy him than to make him a lieutenant-general. See the next
reign.
SIR FRANCIS WORTLEY, col. of the fifth regiment of foot,
under the Earl of Newcastle. See Class IX.
ENDYMION PORTER, col. of the seventh regiment of foot.
See Class VIII.
COLONEL JOHN BELLASYSE, col. of the ninth regiment of
* His name is not in the list above mentioned.
t " Siecle de Louis XIV."
$ He did take Boileau, and Racine too, as his histriographers along with him in
one of his campaigns. LOUD ORFORD.
Boileau and Racine were taken to be present at one of Lewis s campaigns of
parade, where the king rode in a great state coach filled with ladies. LORD
HAILES.
36 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
foot, and afterward a lieutenant-general. See Lord BELLASYSE
in the next reign.
SIR CHARLES LUCAS, col. of the twelfth regiment of foot.
He had the command of the Earl of Newcastle s horse, at the battle
of Marston Moor, where he signalized that valour for which his
family were distinguished ;* but was, after the utmost exertion of
it, forced to yield to the determined Cromwell. His head is de
scribed in the eighth Class, with that of Sir George Lisle.
EDWARD NICHOLAS, secretary of state, commanded a troop
of horse under the Earl of Newcastle.f
RUPERT, prince Palatine, general of the horse, &c. 1642.
See Class I.
GEORGE, lord Digby, had the command of two troops of horse
under Prince Rupert. See Class III.
ARTHUR, lord Capel, commanded two troops of horse. See
Class III.
THE FOLLOWING OFFICERS ACTED
CHIEFLY IN THE WEST.
WILLIAM SEYMOUR, marqtris of Hertford, general, &c. See
Class III.
,
RALPH, lord Hopton, baron of Stratton ; in
armour ; band, 8$c.
RALPH, lord Hopton, his majesty s general of the
western army. From a painting in Sir Jacob Astley s
hands. Vandergucht sc. Svo.
* We read on the monument of his sister, the Dutchess of Newcastle, in West
minster Abbey, that " all the brothers were valiant, and all the sisters virtuous."
t See the" List of the Armies," 1642. His portraits belong to the Interregnum,
and the reign of Charles II.
OF ENGLAND. 37
The lord HOPTON \ from a picture at the Honourable
Arthur Onflow s, esq. Vertue sc. One of the set of
Loyalists. There is a print of him on horseback, by
Sherwin.
SIR RALPH HOPTON, governor of Bristol, &c. whole
length, singularly dressed ; troops marching in the back
ground. Sold by W. Bent ley ; very rare.
Ralph, lord Hopton, a nobleman of admirable accomplishments Created
of body and mind, was trained up in a good school of war in the Low * g ^"1.
Countries. After exerting himself in the House of Commons, in
the royal cause, he retired into the west ; where, in a few months,
he raised a formidable army, and fortified no less than forty garri
sons. He was so great a master of discipline, that his army moved
as one man ; and was, in every respect, different from those licen
tious and tumultuous rabbles, of which there were many instances
in the civil war, that more resembled a herd of banditti, than a well
appointed army. His victory at Stratton, which was the most sig- May 16,
nal in the course of that war, is an astonishing instance of what de
termined valour can effect. He well knew how to improve it, and
it was only an earnest of several others. After he had done as
much as courage, conduct, and activity could do, he, for want of
supplies, was forced to retire before Fairfax ; and approved himself
as great a general in his retreat, as he had done before in his vic
tories. He died at Bruges, in September, 1652. See Sir WIL
LIAM WALLER in this Class.
PRINCE MAURICE, general of the West. See Class I.
GEORGE, lord Goring (general, &c.) Vandergucht
sc. A page putting on his sword; Svo.
George, lord Goring, was a man of ready wit, good understand
ing, and clear courage ; but too mercurial to be at the head of an
army, and too vicious to be in any station, where example could
corrupt. He was so totally devoid of principle, that he was under
no check or restraint from any laws human or divine. But sucfo
were the sprightliness of his behaviour, and the sallies of his wit r
38 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
that those who detested his character, could never hate his person.
That part of the country where his army lay, was a scene of ravage
and licentiousness ; and he was generally, in effect, doing the work
July 3, of the enemy.* At the battle of Marston Moor, he totally routed
1644. t^ } e ff. w j n g o f the Scottish army ; and was brave and resolute in
his defence of Colchester. Having gained his pardon, but lost his
estate, he retired, in the time of the Interregnum, to the little court
of Charles II. and his manners were perfectly adapted to it, when
it rose to the height of frolic and debauchery. In the 20th year of
Charles I. he was created earl of Norwich. He died suddenly in
1663; some say in 1662.
ROBERT DORMER, earl of Caernarvon. Van-
dijck p. Vertue sc. From an original at Wilton. One of
the set of Loyalists.
ROBERT, earl of Caernarvon. Vandyck p. Baron sc.
a large head. This seems to have been done from a
O Jf
tracing taken from the fine family picture, at Wilton.
His portrait, together with that of his lady, by Vandyck, is also
at Longleat.
ROBERT DORMER, earl of Caernarvon (general of
the horse). Vandergucht sc. Svo.
The Earl of Caernarvon, though he seemed born for the camp,
never thought of commencing soldier before he was roused to action
from a principle of loyalty. He was vigilant, active, and patient in
his command ; and wanted only experience to be an accomplished
general. He was quick in discerning any advantage over the
enemy, eager to lay hold of it, and steady to pursue it. He dis
tinguished himself in every action in which he was engaged, and
particularly in the memorable battle of Roundway Down. After
he had defeated a part of the enemy s horse, at Newbury, he fell
* It is said that William, prince of Orange, thus expressed himself, " I could
not understand how my father-in-law proved so unfortunate in war, till I became
acquainted with his generals." LORD HAILES.
OF ENGLAND. 39
by the ignoble hand of a straggling trooper, who ran him through
the body.* Just as he was expiring, a certain nobleman came to
him, to ask him if he had any request to make to his majesty, as
suring him that it would be punctually fulfilled. He replied, " I
will not die with a suit in my mouth, but to the King of kings."
He died the 20th of September, 1643. The king, who justly re
spected him as one of the bravest and most accomplished persons
in his army, was extremely sensible of his loss.
BEVILLUS GRANVIL, &c. JEt. 39, 1640. By
Fait home, but without his name; Mo. Before the Oxford
Verses on his Death.
SIR BEVIL GRANVILLE. G. Vertue sc. From an
original, in the possession of Lord Lansdown. One of
the set of Loyalists.
SIR BEVIL GRANVILLE, JEt. 39, 1640. James
Fittler, in Prince s " Worthies of Devon ;" 4tto. 1810.
SIR BEVIL GRANVILLE. R. Cooper sc. Private plate ;
engraved for the Marquis of Buckingham.
The following verses, which are as perfect an example of the
bathos as any Longinus has given us of the sublime, are under the
head. They are taken from the Oxford verses written upon his
death, soon after the battle of Lansdown :
" Thus slain thy valiant ancestor did lie,
When his one bark a navy did defy ;t
Where shall the next f am d Granville s ashes stand ?
Thy grundsire sjill the sea, and thine the land."
SIR BEVIL GRANVILLE (col. of a regiment, under
Lord Hopton) ; 8vo.
Sir Bevil Granville, one of the worthiest and most popular men
in the county of Cornwall, had a principal hand in every signal ex-
* Fuller s " Worthies," in Bucks, p. 141.
t See the reign of Elizabeth, Class VII.
40 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
HE
July 5, ploit in that great scene of action. He was killed, bravely fighting,
at the battle of Lansdown, near Bath. He contributed greatly to
the defeat of the parliament army ; but the royalists knew not how
to esteem that as a victory, which was purchased with the life of so
excellent a person.
SIR THOMAS BYRON ; from a drawing in the
King s <( Clarendon." R. Cooper sc. Svo.
Sir Thomas Byron, a gentleman of great skill and courage, had
the command of the Prince of Wales s regiment at the battle of
Hopton Heath ; and charged the enemy with great slaughter, after
the death of the Earl of Northampton, who was slain in the fight ;
but night coming on, and the place being found full of coal-pits
and holes, dangerous to cavalry, Sir Thomas deemed it prudent to
defer farther fighting until the morning, and stood all that night in
the field, though severely wounded by a shot in the thigh ; but
when morning came, there was no enemy to be seen, for as soon
as night drew on they had left the field, in hope that their scattered
horse would find them in quarters more remote from danger. Sir
Thomas Byron, and the troops under his command (many of which
were wounded), retired to refresh themselves at Stafford ; after they
had taken the spoils off the field, and buried their dead.
He continued to serve the king with unabated zeal and vigilance,
but at length the total ruin of the royal cause, compelled him to
seek his personal safety in private seclusion ; until the troubles of
the time became a little abated.
COL. GILES STRANGEWAYS distinguished himself on se
veral occasions in the civil war. See an account of this active and
worthy loyalist in the next reign.
SIR NICHOLAS SLANNING ; from a drawing
in the King s " Clarendon." R. Cooper sc. 4 to.
SIR NICHOLAS SLANNING ; in an oval. Rodd exc.
Svo.
Sir Nicholas Slanning, knight, and governor of Pendennis Castle,
was a native of the county of Devon, and born in the parish of
OF ENGLAND. 41
Bicklegh, not far from the town of Plymouth. After spending
some time in the university of Oxford, he went into the Low Coun
tries, at that time as great an academy of arms, as the other was of
arts. Here he continued, until he became master of the art of
war. Thus excellently accomplished, he returned into England,
and taking the court in his way home, received the honour of
knighthood from the hand of Charles I. and shortly after married
a daughter of Sir James Bagg, of Saltern, near Plymouth, knt. by
whom he left issue, one son, Sir Nicholas Slanning, knight of the
Bath at the coronation of King Charles II. and created a baronet
1662.
When the contentions between the king and parliament ran to
that height, as to break out into open war, Sir Nicholas, who had a
seat in the House of Commons for one of the western boroughs,
was appointed by the king to the weighty trust of Pendennis Castle,
a port of great importance opposite the coast of France, from whence,
at that time, supplies might be expected, lying in the Levant, Spa
nish, Indian, and Irish road ; where most merchants touch, and
many are driven.
In the year 1643, the loyal gentry of the western parts entered
into an association, to assist the king against the parliament then in
arms against him : they met first in a great body near Pendennis, in
Cornwall, where Sir Nicholas joined them with the forces under
his command, and the whole was led by Sir Bevil Granville, and
marched into Somersetshire.
Sir William Waller, the parliament s general, met them at Lans-
down, a little beyond Bath, where, intending to break this western
association, he was beaten out of his lines ; though to effect this, it
cost the royalists the lives of many gallant men Sir Nicholas
Slanning was engaged in this action, and is reported to have done
wonders , in advancing from hedge to hedge, in the front of his men,
in the mouths of muskets and cannon. Soon after the western
forces marched towards Bristol, and sat down before that city, then
garrisoned by Colonel Fiennes for the parliament. Prince Rupert,
the general for the king, attacked it so vigorously, that after three
days siege he had that important place surrendered into his hands.
Sir Nicholas Slanning greatly distinguished himself on this occa
sion, but his courage and impetuosity carrying him a little too far,
as he made a brave assault on the town, on the 26th of July, 1643,
he was unfortunately slain, to the great grief of all the army.
He was one of those noble gentlemen which were called the four
VOL. in. G
42 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
wheels of Charles s wain, all Devonshire or Cornish men, and all
slain at or near the same place, at the same time, and in the same
cause ; according to an ode made upon the occasion, in which they
are thus mentioned :
The four wheels of Charles s wain,
Granville, Godolphin, Trevannion, Slanning slain.
SIDNEY GODOLPHIN. Clamp sc. In Harding s
" Biographical Mir r our ;" 1793.
SIDNEY GODOLPHIN ; 4to.
Sidney Godolphin, second son of Sir William Godolphin, in the
county of Cornwall, became a commoner of Exeter College, in Ox
ford, from whence he was removed to one of the inns of court. He
afterward travelled into foreign countries, and accompanied the
Earl of Leicester in his embassy to the court ; where his excellent
disposition, manners, and qualifications, made him very acceptable.
Though every body courted his company, yet he loved very much to
be alone, being in his constitution fond of retirement among his
books, and inclined to melancholy. Yet the civil war no sooner
began than he put himself into the first troops, which were raised
in the west for the king, and bore the dangers and fatigue of
winter marches with an exemplary courage and alacrity. By too
brave a pursuit of the enemy into an obscure village in Devonshire,
he was shot with a musket, upon which, without saying any word
more than " Oh God, lam hurt!" he fell dead from his horse,
1642-3. His death occasioned excessive grief to all who knew
him, and was an irreparable loss to the public. He lived in inti
macy with the famous Thomas Hobbes, though of very different
sentiments, and by his last will bequeathed him 200/.
COLONEL JOHN TREVANNION; from a
drawing in the King s " Clarendon;" Svo.
Colonel John Trevannion, a Cornish gentleman, heir to a con
siderable fortune, on the general rising in that county on the part
of Charles I. in conjunction with Sir Bevil Granville, Sir Nicholas
Slanning, and John Arundell (all four of them members of the
OF ENGLAND. 43
House of Commons, and therefore exactly acquainted with the
desperate humours of the adverse party), undertook to raise regi
ments of volunteers : many young gentlemen, of the most consider
able families of the county, assisted them as inferior officers ; so
that within a shorter time than could be expected, from one single
county, was raised a body of near fifteen hundred foot, armed,
and well disciplined for action ; at the head of which, and such a
body of horse and dragoons as they could muster, they advanced
to Tavistock, in Devonshire, to join the Earl of Stamford, the Lord
Mohun, and Sir Ralph Hopton.
Col. Trevannion distinguished himself with great gallantry, in
several actions, but was unfortunately killed at the taking of Bristol,
from a wound in the thigh by a musket-ball. He had scarcely
attained the age of twenty-eight ; and was equally regretted by the
army, and his royal master in particular*
OFFICERS OF DISTINCTION, WHO ACTED
IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE KINGDOM.
ROBERTUS BARTY, comes Lindssei, &c.
Mierevelt p. Voerst sc. 1631. W. Webbevcud. scarce.
ROBERTUS BARTY, comes Lindssei, &c. Geldorpp.
Voerst sc. h.sh.
ROBERTUS BARTY, &c. Geldorpp. Voerst sc. 4to.
ROBERT, earl of Lindsey. C.Johnsonp. Houbraken
sc. 1742. In the possession of Charles Bertie, esq.
Illust. Head.
ROBERT BERTIE, earl of Lindsey. Vandyck p.
Vertue sc. From a painting at the Duke of Ancaster s.
One of the set of Loyalists.
ROBERT, earl of Lindsey (when Lord "NYilloughby
44 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
of Eresby) ; on horseback, with the Earl of Essex ;
rare. See Essex.
ROBERT BERTIE, earl of Lindsey, lord-general, &c.
in armour.
ROBERT BARTUE (Bertie), earl of Lindsey, his
majesty s general ; Svo.
Robert Bertie, earl of Lindsey, son of Peregrine, lord Wil-
loughby, of Eresby, inherited all the martial spirit of his father.*
In the reign of Elizabeth, he was at the siege of Amiens, under Sir
John Baskerville and Sir Arthur Savage ; and that of Cadiz, under
the Earls of Essex and Nottingham, where he was knighted for his
gallant behaviour. He had a share with George, earl of Cumber
land, and other persons of eminence, in several adventures ; and
was one of those brave Englismen who, in the late pacific reign,
distinguished themselves in the Low Countries, under Prince Mau
rice, and had the honour of contributing to the victories of that
great general. In 1635, he was constituted lord high-admiral of
England, f and sent out with a fleet of forty sail, to maintain the
dominion of the Narrow Seas ; and upon the breaking out of the
civil war, he was appointed general of the king s forces. He was
mortally wounded at the battle of Edge-hill, where the royalists
claimed the victory. But the loss of so able a commander was irre
parable, and his death was alone equal to a defeat. Ob. 23 Oct. 1642.
MONTAGU BERTIE, earl of Lindsey, &c.
in armour. Vandyck p. Fait home sc. h. sh. finely en
graved, and very scarce.
Montagu Bertie, earl of Lindsey, son of the former, and heir of
his loyalty and valour, greatly distinguished himself at Edge-hill in
endeavouring to rescue his father, after whose death he seems to
have attached himself to the king with the affection of a son, as
* Peregrine, lord Willoughby, offered to meet a person, who sent him a very
impertinent challenge when he had the gout in his hands and feet, with a piece of a
rapier in his teeth. Queen Elizabeth called his son " the young general," and of
fered to stand godmother to him. " Biog. Britain." Art. BERTIE.
t He was also lord high-chamberlain in this reign.
OF ENGLAND. 45
well as the duty of a subject. He commanded the life-guards in
several of the most considerable battles which were fought in the
course of the civil war, and was wounded in that of Naseby. His
affectionate regard to his unhappy sovereign was conspicuous after
his death; he attended his body to the grave, and paid his last duty
to him with tears. He, after the restoration, lived in retirement
with dignity, and approved himself an example of a better age. He
died at Camden-house, in Kensington, the 25th of July, 1666.
He married two wives ; from the first of whom the Duke of Ancaster
is descended, and from the second the Earl of Abingdon.
" SIR JACOB ASTLEY, created lord Astley,
baron of Reading ; field-marshal, and serjeant-major-
general of his majesty s army; lieutenant-general of
the forces in the counties of Worcester, Gloucester,
Hereford, and South Wales; governor of the garrisons
of Oxford, Reading, &c." M. Vandergucht sc. From
an original painting at Sir Jacob Astley s house, called
" The Palace" at Maldstone^m Kent; Svo.
There is a portrait of him by Worlidge, done for Sir Edward
Astley ; Svo.
Sir Jacob Astley served in the Netherlands under Prince Mau
rice, and his brother Henry ; and afterward under Christian IV.
king of Denmark, and Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden. He
was, for his signal services, created baron of Reading, 20 Car. I.
He was among the first that entered into the service of that mo
narch, and his last hopes, in the decline of his affairs ; but this
brave and loyal old soldier was totally defeated with the remnant
of the royal army, near Stow in the Would, in Gloucestershire, the
21st of March, 1645-6. Ob. 1651.
There is, in Lord Clarendons " History*" an octavo
print by Vandergucht, of SIR BERNARD ASTLEY,
son of Sir Jacob.
SIR BERNARD ASTLEY ; neatly etched by Worlidge ;
companion to the one of his father, by the same artist.
46 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
He had the command of a regiment in the civil war, and sig
nalized his courage at the siege of Bristol, and the second battle
of Newbury.
ROBERT PIERPOINT, earl of Kingston. Vertue
sc. From a picture of the late Duke of Kingston s, who
was descended from him. One of the set of Loyalists.
ROBERT PIERPOINT, earl of Kingston; from a pic
ture in the possession of W. Bryant, esq. B. Reading sc.
ROBERT PIERPOINT, earl of Kingston. J. Nutting.
ROBERT PIERPOINT, earl of Kingston from a silver
medal.
Robert Pierpoint, earl of Kingston, who was popularly called
" the good," was lieutenant-general of the king s forces in the
counties of Lincoln, Rutland, Huntingdon, Cambridge, and Nor
folk. He was very active in executing the royal commission of
array, in opposition to the militia, and his success was answerable
to his activity. He, in a short time, brought to the king four
thousand men ; two thousand of whom entered into his service ; and
the rest supplied him with arms and money, to the amount of
24,000/. He was surprised, at Gainsborough, by Lord Willoughby
of Parham, and hurried aboard a pinnace, which was ordered to
convey him to the garrison at Hull. The vessel was chased by
Colonel Cavendish, and happened to run aground upon a shallow.
The royalists peremptorily demanded the prisoner, who was as pe
remptorily refused. The rebels, to deter them from firing, exposed
the earl upon deck ; where he and a faithful servant were killed by
a shot, which was intended for the enemy. Ob. 30 July, 1643.
SIR EDMUND VERNEY, standard-bearer to
Charles I. Rivers sc.
Sir Edmund Verney, son of Sir Edmund Verney of Middle
Clay don, in the county of Bucks, was born in London 1596, and
with an education suitable to his birth, induced him to spend some
time with George, lord Goring, in the Low Country wars; he after-
OF ENGLAND. 47
t
ward attended Lord Herbert and Sir Henry Wotton to France and
Italy, and went with the Earl of Bristol into Spain : on his return
was, by King Charles, appointed knight mareschal ;* and served
in parliament for the borough of Aylesbury and Chipping Wy-
combe. He attended his majesty in 1639 against the Scots, and
held the standard at Nottingham, and declared, that by the grace
of God (his usual expression), they that would take that standard from
his hand, must first wrest his soul from his body. Accordingly, at the
battle of Edge-hill, fought 23d of October, 1642, he boldly charged
with it among the thickest of the enemy, to engage the soldiers to
follow him; and being surrounded by numbers, was offered his
life if he would deliver up the standard; he rejected the offer, and
fell for his country with great honour, having that day killed six
teen gentlemen with his own hand. The standard was taken, but
rescued by Captain John Smith, an officer of the Lord Grandison s
regiment of horse. His son, Sir Ralph, was created a baronet by
King Charles II.
There is a fine portrait of Sir Edmund Verney, by Vandyck, at
Middle Claydon.
SIR WILLIAM CLARKE; from an original
picture. W. Maddocks sc. 4 to.
Sir William Clarke, a gentleman of good fortune in Kent, raised
at his own charge a regiment for the service of King Charles the
First, and joining the army under the command of the Earl of
Cleveland, was killed in the fight at Cropredy-bridge.
SIR WILLIAM MAINWARING, of West-
Chester, knt. 1643. N. Scheneker sc. small oval; in
Har ding s i( Biographical Mirrour."
Sir William Mainwaring, son of Sir Edmund Mainwaring, LL. D.
and chancellor of Chester, who was the younger son of Sir Handle
Mainwaring, of Over Peover, in the county of Chester, knight
treasurer of Ireland. He died most valiantly in the service of his
prince and country, in the defence of the city of Chester, 1645,
* Mareschal, in French, imports a general of an army ; in England, whoever en
joys the post of knight mareschal is obliged to carry the royal standard in time
of war.
48 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
in the 20th year of his age, where he seems to have been in great
distress. See his Letter in the Topographer, vol. ii. p. 68, &c.
and Harding s " Biographical Mirrour."
SIR JOHN OWEN, knt. J. Caldwall sc. 4to. in
Pennant s " Tour in Wales."
Sir John Owen, knight, of Clenneney, in Caernarvonshire, was a
gallant officer, and strenuous supporter of the cause of Charles L
He greatly distinguished himself at the siege of Bristol, when it was
taken by Prince Rupert, and was desperately wounded in the at
tack. Congenial qualities recommended him to his highness ; who,
superseding the appointment of Archbishop Williams to the govern
ment of Conway Castle, in 1643, constituted Sir John commander
in his place. This fortress was soon given up to General Mytton,
by the contrivance of the prelate, and the power of his friends; and
the knight retired to his seat in the distant parts of the county.
In 1648, he rose in arms to make a last effort in behalf of his fallen
master, probably in concert with the royalists in Kent and Essex.
He was soon attacked by William Lloyd, sheriff of the county,
whom he defeated, wounded, and made prisoner. He then laid
siege to Caernarvon ; but hearing that certain of the parliament
forces, under the Colonels Carter and Twisleton, were on their
march to attack him, he hastened to meet them, and took the
sheriff with him on a litter. He met with his enemies near Llande-
gai : a furious rencontre ensued, in which Sir John had at first the
advantage ; but falling in with their reserve, fortune declared
against him. In a personal contest with a Captain Taylor, he was
pulled off his horse, and made prisoner; and his troops, disheartened
by the loss of their commander, took to flight. The sheriff died
the same day. The victory was esteemed of that consequence,
that Captain Taylor, who was the messenger of the news to the par
liament, received a reward of 200/. out of Sir John s estate.
Sir John was conveyed to Windsor Castle, where he found four
noblemen under confinement for the same cause. On the 10th of
November, a vote past for his banishment, and that of the Lords
Goring, Loughborough, Capel, the Earl of Holland, and Major-
general Langhorn; but after the execution of their royal master,
sanguinary measures took place. The Duke of Hamilton, the Earl
of Holland, and the Lords Goring and Capel, were put upon their
OF ENGLAND. 49
trials. Sir John shewed a spirit worthy of his country. He told his
judges, that u he was a plain gentleman of Wales, who had been
taught to obey the king; and that he had served him honestly
during the war ; and finding that many honest men endeavoured
to raise forces, whereby he might get out of prison, he did the
like ;" and concluded like a man who did not much care what they
resolved concerning him. In the end he was condemned to lose
his head ; for which, with a humorous intrepidity, he made the
court a low reverence, and gave his humble thanks. A by-stander
asked what he meant: he replied aloud, " It was a great honour
to a poor gentleman of Wales to lose his head with such noble
lords ; for by G , he was afraid they would have hanged him.
Sir John, by mere good fortune, was disappointed of the honour
he was flattered with ; being, as his epitaph says, Famce plus quam
Vitce Sollicito. He neither solicited for a pardon, nor was any pe
tition offered to parliament in his favour ; which was strongly im
portuned in behalf of his fellow-prisoners. Ireton proved his ad
vocate, and told the house, " That there was one person for whom
no one spoke a word; and therefore requested, that he might be
saved by the motive and goodness of the house." In consequence,
mercy was extended to him ; and after a few months imprison
ment, he was on his petition set at liberty. He retired again into
his country, where he died in 1666, and was interred in the church
of Penmorva, in Caernarvonshire, where a small monument was
erected to his memory.
His Hon r . Cap tin HOTHAM, &c. on horseback;
an etching. J. Cauljidd e,vc.
Captain John Hotham, son of Sir John Hotham, of Scarborough,
in Yorkshire, was brought before a court-martial at Guildhall,
Nov. 30, 1644, Sir William Waller, president, upon a charge,
that he being a commander in the service of the parliament, had
betrayed the trust in him reposed, and perfidiously adhered to the
enemy, by endeavouring to betray a regiment of horse, and other
forces into their hands.
He produced a great number of witnesses to invalidate the credit
of the evidence against him, but no regard was paid to their testi
mony ; and he was ordered to be beheaded, which sentence was
executed Jan. 1st, 164-5, on Tower-hill, one day preceding the
execution of his father at the same place for a similar offence.
VOL. III. H
50 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
BERNARD STUART, earl of Lichfield, commander of the
king s troops. See Class III.
SPENCER COMPTON, earl of Northampton, colonel of a
regiment of foot. See Class III.*
SIR GEORGE RAWDON, an excellent field officer. See the
next reign, Class VIII.
SIR JOHN SUCKLING, the poet, who had made a campaign
under Gustavus Adolphus, raised a splendid troop of horse, at the
expense of 12,000/. for the service of the king. This troop, with
Sir John at its head, behaved so ill in the engagement with the
Scots, upon the English borders, in 1639, as to occasion the
famous lampoon, composed by Sir John Mennis : " Sir John he
got him an ambling nag," &c. This ballad, which was set to a
brisk tune, was much sung by the parliamentarians, and continues
to be sung to this day. This disastrous expedition, and the
ridicule that attended it, was supposed to have hastened his death.
See Class IX.
GEORGE WHARTON, afterward Sir George, sold his pater
nal estate to raise a troop of horse for the king, and took the com
mand of it himself. At the time of the Interregnum, he was a
writer in various branches of literature, and seems to have taken
* Lord Digby and Colonel Lunsford were accused by John Lilburne and other
incendiaries, of an intention to bring a large party of the king s forces to Westmin
ster, and massacre the parliamentary leaders. It was as falsely reported, that the
innocent colonel indulged his brutal appetite with the flesh of children. It appears-
from the following lines of Cleaveland, that there was " a picture," or print of him,
making such a horrid meal:
They fear the giblets of his train ; they fear
Even his dog, that four-legg d cavalier ;
He that devours the scraps which Lunsford makes,
Whose picture feeds upon a child in stakes.f
It is highly probable, as I have never met with this print, that it has been indus
triously destroyed. The brave colonel, who was a man of a fair character, and far
from being an epicure, much less a cannibal, was killed, in 1643, at the siege of
Bristol. See more of him, in Grey s "Hudibras," vol. ii. p. 312, first edit.
t Cleaveland s " Hupertismus," at p. 67 of his works, edit. 1677.
- OF ENGLAND. 51
up that profession from the necessity of his affairs. See the reign
of Charles II. Class IX.
JOHN DOLBEN, born at Segroit, in Denbighshire, a student
of Christ Church, in Oxford, was an ensign in the royal army at the
siege of York, and the battle of Marston Moor, where he was dan
gerously wounded in the shoulder, by a musket-ball. He was
afterward promoted to the rank of a major. Having entered into
holy orders, he was, after the restoration, made a canon of Christ
Church, and was successively bishop of Rochester, and archbishop
of York. See the next reign, Class IV.*
SIR BERNARD GASCOIGNE; from a drawing
in the King s " Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
Sir Bernard Gascoigne was a gentleman of Florence, who out of
gallantry had volunteered his service to King Charles I. He was
taken at the siege of Colchester, with Sir Charles Lucas and Sir
George Lisle, by General Fairfax, and all three sentenced by a
council of war to be shot. Sir Bernard, who had but English
sufficient to make himself understood, requested pen, ink, and
paper, that he might write a letter to his prince, the great duke,
that his highness might know in what manner he lost his life, to
the end his heirs might possess his estate. The council, who were
ignorant of his being a foreigner (having only selected him as a
person of quality, and preferred him for being a knight, that they
might sacrifice three of that rank, on account of the obstinate de
fence of the place), came to the determination of sparing his life,
and putting to death his fellow-prisoners, Sir Charles Lucas and Sir
George Lisle, who were accordingly shot, August 28, 1648.
SIR JOHN BOYS, of Bonnington, governor of
Donnington Castle. Stow sc.
* John Fell, afterward bishop, was an ensign in the same cause with Dolben.
See " Athen. Oxon." II. 795. So William Beaw, afterward a bishop, was a major
in the king s service, Ibid. 1179. Two others, who became bishops, were also in
the royal army. See Peter Mews. Ibid, 1178; and John Lake, in Richardson s
" Goodwin," p. 516.
52 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Sir John Boys was a captain in the royal army, and governor of
Donnington Castle, in Berkshire, and by the bravery with which
he defended it, during a long siege, shewed himself well worthy
of the trust. It was attacked by the parliament army under the
command of Major-general Middleton. In return to the general s
summons, the governor sent the following spirited reply : " Sir, I
am intrusted by his majesty s express command, and have not
learned yet to obey any other than my sovereign. To spare blood,
do as you please ; but myself, and those that are with me, are
fully resolved to venture ours in maintaining what we are here
intrusted with ; which is the answer of- -- JOHN BOYS.
The king knighted the governor for his good services ;* he died
1664, and was buried at Goodneston, in Kent.
SIR HENRY GAGE; from an original drawing;
an etching. (Clausln.) Published by W. Richardson.
SIR HENRY GAGE. Thane exc. Svo.
The Earl of Clarendon says, " He was in truth a very extraor
dinary man, of a large and very graceful person, of an honourable
extraction, his grandfather (great-grandfather it should be) having
been knight of the Garter ; besides his great experience and abi
lities as a soldier, which were very eminent; he had very great
parts of breeding, being a very good scholar in the polite parts of
learning, a great master in the Spanish and Italian tongues, besides
the French and the Dutch, which he spoke in great perfection. He
was likewise very conversant in courts, having for many years
been much esteemed in that of the archduke and clutchess, Albert
and Isabella, at Brussels, which was a great and very regular court
at that time ; so that he deserved to be looked upon as a wise and
accomplished person. He was made governor of Oxford, and
knighted ; and soon after shot through the heart with a musket-
bullet, Jan. 1644, in attempting to break down Culham-bridge,
near Abingdon, where he intended to erect a royal fort.
COLONEL HUGH GROVE; a small head, In the
frontispiece toWinslanlcy s "Loyal Martyr.otogy" r 1G65 ;
* See Ly sou s " Mag. Brit." vol. I. p. 35G,
OF ENGLAND. 53
COLONEL HUGH GROVE; enlarged from the above
print; 8vo.
Colonel Hugh Grove, in conjunction with Colonel Penruddock,
raised a body of near two hundred horse, well armed, for the service
of King Charles the Second, which they presumed would every day
be improved upon the access of those who had engaged themselves
in the western association, especially after the fame of their being
up and effecting any thing, should come to their ears. With this
force they surprised, and took possession of the city of Salisbury,
which they entered about five o clock in the morning ; and
appointed some officers, of which they had plenty, to cause all the
stables to be locked up, that all the horses might be at their devo
tion ; others to break open the gaols, and set free all persons in
imical to the parliament party : they kept a good body of horse
upon the market-place, to encounter all opposition; and gave order
to apprehend the judges and the sheriff, who were yet in their
beds, and to bring them into the market-place with their several
commissions, not caring to seize upon the persons of any others.
All this was done with so little noise and disorder, as if the town
had been all of one mind. They who were within doors, except
they were commanded to come out, stayed still there, being more
desirous to hear than to see what was done ; very many being well
pleased, and not willing that others should discern it in their coun
tenance. When the judges were brought out in their robes, and
humbly produced their commissions, and the sheriff likewise, Sir
Joseph Wagstaff, a Wiltshire gentleman, who had formerly been
major-general of the foot in the king s western army, resolved, after
he had proclaimed the king, to cause them all three to be hanged ;
but this was so violently opposed by Grove and Penruddock, that
Wagstaff durst not persist in it, but was prevailed on to dismiss the
judges after taking their commissions from them ; determining still
to hang the sheriff, who positively, though humbly, and with many
tears, refused to proclaim the king, which being otherwise done,
they likewise prevailed with him rather to keep the sheriff alive,
and to carry him with them to redeem an honester man out of the
hands of their enemies.
They did nothing resolutely after their first action, but were in
such disorder and discontent among themselves, that they left the
town, and took the sheriff with them, about two of the clock in
the afternoon ; but were so weary of their day s labour, and their
54 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
watching the night before, that they grew less in love with what
they were about, and differed again amongst themselves about the
sheriff., whom many desired to be presently released ; and that
party carried it, in hope of receiving good offices afterward from
him. In this manner they continued on their march westward.
They from Hampshire, and other places, who were behind them,
being angry for their leaving Salisbury, would not follow, but
scattered themselves ; and they who were before them, and heard
in what disorder they had left Wiltshire, likewise dispersed ; so that
after they had continued their journey into Devonshire, without
meeting any who would join with them, horse and men were so
lired for want of meat and sleep, that one single troop of horse,
inferior in number, and commanded by an officer of no credit in
the war, being in those parts by chance, followed them at a distance,
till they were so spent, that he rather entreated than compelled
them to deliver themselves : some, and amongst them Wagstaff,
quitted their horses, and found shelter in some honest men s houses,
where they were concealed till opportunity served to transport them
into the parts beyond the seas, where they arrived safely. But
Penruddock, Grove, and most of the rest were taken prisoners,
upon promise given by the. officer, that their lives should be saved ;
which they quickly found he had no authority to make good. For
Cromwell no sooner heard of this cheap victory, than he sent
judges away with a new commission of Oyer and Terminer, and
orders to proceed with the utmost severity against the offenders.
ButRolle, his chief-justice, who had so luckily escaped at Salisbury,
had not recovered the fright; and would no more look those men
in the face who had dealt so kindly with him ; but expressly re
fused to be employed in the service, raising some scruples in point
oi law, whether the men could be legally condemned ; upon which
Cromwell shortly after, turned him out of his office, having found
others who executed his commands. Grove and Penruddock lost
their heads at Exeter, and others were hanged there ; many were
sent to Salisbury, and tried and executed there, in the place where
they had so lately triumphed.
COLONEL EUSEBIUS ANDREWS; a small
head, in the frontispiece, to Vrinttanky * " Loyal Mar-
tyrology" 1GG5; 8vo.
OF ENGLAND. 55
COLONEL EUSEBIUS ANDREWS ; enlarged from the
above prints ; 8 vo.
This gentleman was in the profession of the law, and practised
as a counsellor at Gray s Inn ; but on the breaking out of the civil
war, he laid his gown aside for the sword, and faithfully adhered to
the cause of the king ; after whose death he was implicated in a
plot to overturn the Commonwealth, in which the chief agent was
one Bernards, who had formerly served under him in the army as
major. This man, with another named Pitts, are stated to have been
suborned by Bradshaw and Sir Henry Mildmay to swear against
him, and notwithstanding a very able defence, in which he endea
voured to prove the illegality and authority of proceeding by a
high court of justice, he was found guilty, and beheaded on
Tower-hill, Aug. 22, 1650. Colonel Andrews acted for some time
in the capacity of secretary to Arthur, lord Capel.
COLONEL POYER; a small head, in the frontis
piece to Winstanley s "Loyal Marty rology" 1665; 8vo.
COLONEL POYER; enlarged from the above print; Svo.
Colonel Poyer, a gentleman and soldier of fortune, for some
time served in the parliament army ; but joining with Major-gene
ral Langhorne and Colonel Powel, he took up arms for the king in
South Wales; the enterprise, however, failed, and they were defeated
at St. Fagon s by Colonel Horton, whereupon they retreated with
the broken remains of their army to the town of Pembroke, which
they fortified, and valiantly defended for the space of three months,
against Horton and Cromwell, who with a great power, had come
to the other s assistance. When being in want of necessaries, and
hopeless of obtaining relief, they were compelled to surrender at
mercy : the effect whereof was, according to the order of a council
of war, "That the three colonels should draw lots for their lives,"
which fell upon Colonel Poyer, who was in consequence shot to
death in Covent-garden.
MAJOR PITCHER; a small head, in the frontis
piece to Winstanley s " Loyal Marty rology " 1665; Bvo.
56 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MAJOR PITCHER; enlarged from the above print ; Svo.
Major Pitcher, a valiant and loyal gentleman, was one of the
brave officers that defended Pembroke, against the army under
Cromwell, for the space of three months ; when finding no hope of
relief, they surrendered upon articles, in which it was stipulated,
Major Pitcher should depart the kingdom for three years, and not
return in that time upon pain of death. But he thinking to render
the king further service, outstayed the time prescribed for trans
porting himself abroad, was betrayed by some he confided in, and
apprehended in London ; when being brought to trial before a
council of war, was condemned to be shot to death, which sentence
was carried into execution, against the door of St. Faith s church,
in St. Paul s churchyard, Dec. 29, 1648.
A SCOTCH GENERAL.
JAMES GRAHAM, marquis of Montrose (or
MONTROSS). A. Vandyck p. Houbraken sc. 1740.
In the possession of the Duke of Montrose; Illust.
Head.
JAMES GRAHAM, &c. Vertuesc. One of the Loyalists,
from the same original as the above.
JAMES GRAHAM, &c. A copy from Houbraken, by
Strange, In Dr. Smollett s " History."
Marchio Mont. Rosar. com. de Kincardin, &c. sir
Latin verses; 4to. A copy by Vertue.
JAMES, marquis of Montrose; four verses ; " Scot
land s Glory" c. 4to. scarce.
JAQUES, marquis de Montrose. Pontius sc. Svo.
JAMES, marquis of Montrose. A. Matham f. Svo.
OF ENGLAND. 57
JAMES, marquis of Montrose. Vandergucht sc. Svo.
The Marquis of Montrose, &c. Arms, 8$c. in the
upper corners. I believe this is the same as A. Ma-
tham s mentioned above.
JAMES, marquis of Montrose. Geremia sc. In
" Noble Authors" by Mr. Park.
James Graham, marquis of Montrose, was comparable to the
greatest heroes of antiquity. He undertook, against almost every
obstacle that could terrify a less enterprising genius, to reduce the
kingdom of Scotland to the obedience of the king ; and his success
was answerable to the greatness of his undertaking. By a thousand
efforts of stratagem and valour, he, in a few months, effectuated his
great design ; but, for want of supplies, was forced to abandon his
conquests.* After the death of Charles,f he, with a few men,
made a second attempt, but was presently defeated by a numerous
army. As he was leaving the kingdom in disguise, he was betrayed
into the hands of the enemy, by the Lord Aston, his treacherous
friend. He was carried to his execution with every circumstance
of indignity that wanton cruelty could invent, and hanged upon a
gibbet thirty feet high, with the book of his exploits appendant to
his neck \ He bore his reverse of fortune with his usual greatness
of mind, and expressed a just scorn at the rage and insult of his
enemies. We meet with many instances of valour in this active
reign; but Montrose is the only instance of heroism. Executed
May 21, 1650. See the Interregnum.
* He, on several occasions, gave as signal proofs of his humanity, as he did of his.
courage. It is worthy of remark, that in the memorable battle which he gained in
September, 1644, the word of the rebels was " Jesus, and no quarter."
t The verses which he wrote on that occasion are as spirited as his valour.
\ This book, which was published in small octavo, 1647, is written in elegant
Latin. It has, at the bottom of the title-page, A. S. the initials of Agricol Sopho-
cardio, the disguised name of George Wisehart, afterward bishop of Edinburgh,
who was the author of it. J. G. at the top of the same page, stand for Jacobus
Grsemus, the Christian and surname of the marquis. The book, of which an Eng
lish translation was published in 1649, is uncommon.
VOL. III.
58 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
OFFICERS OF THE NAVY.
"SIR JOHN PENNINGTON, knight, one of
the gentlemen in ordinary of his majesty s privy-
chamber; governor and captain of Sandown Castle
in Kent, and vice-admiral of his majesty s fleet for
this expedition,* A. 1636, and 1637." C.Van Dalen
sc. 4io. scarce.
SIR JOHN PENNINGTON, knight, &c. W.Richard
son.
SIR JOHN PENNINGTON, in an oval. E. Harding.
Sir John Pennington was a man of great courage, openness, and
generosity; and what heightened every one of his virtues, of un-
1642. common piety. When the Earl of Northumberland was indisposed,
he was appointed by the king to supply his place ; but the parlia
ment strongly remonstrated against this ; as Sir John, who was a
very loyal person, was one in whom they could not confide, and they
therefore recommended the Earl of Warwick. Such was the situ
ation of the king s affairs, that he knew not how to refuse their
request, which carried with it too much of the nature of a command.
Sir John Pennington was, after some altercation, set aside ; and
the Earl of Warwick was, upon the revocation of the Earl of Nor
thumberland s commission, constituted lord high-admiral. The
parliament strongly invited him to enter into their service ; but he
never could be prevailed with to serve against the king. Ob.
Sept. 1646.
SIR KENELM DIGBY, by his eager pursuit of knowledge,
seemed to be born only for contemplation. But he was thought
to be so well qualified for action, that, in 1628, he was appointed
commander of a squadron sent into the Mediterranean, to chastise
the Algerine pirates, and the Venetian fleet. The former had com
mitted frequent depredations on the vessels of our merchants, and
* To maintain the sovereignty of the British seas.
OF ENGLAND. 59
the latter had obstructed their trade. He exerted himself with all
the spirit and conduct of a brave and experienced officer : and
having brought the Venetians to reason, made reprisals on the
Algerines, and set at liberty a great number of English slaves ; he
returned home with great credit to his country, and honour to him
self. See Class IX.
OFFICERS OF THE PARLIAMENT ARMY.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex. Dobsonp.
Faithorne sc. Engraved without hatching^ in the man
ner of Mellan; h. sh*
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &e. on horseback, 1643 ;
Hollar f. h. sh.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. whole length. Vaughansc.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. sold by Stent ; \2rno.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. Marshall sc. Before the
" List of the Armies, 1642 ;" 4to.
.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. G. Glover f. 4to.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. on horseback; battle of
Newbury ; Overton;
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, lately deceased ;
12/720. in Ricraft s book.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. in armour. Hulettsc. In
Peck s "Life of Cromwell;" 4to.
* This is the same plate, as Endymion Porter, altered.
t The name of a printseller, successor to Stent, whose stock in trade he purchased.
60 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
The Earl of ESSEX and the Lord WILLOUGHBY of
Eresby ; two equestrian portraits in one plate; large 4to.
The print, which is but indifferently engraved, is very
scarce.
The Lord Willoughby has been mentioned before as earl of
Lindsey.
" The portraitures of the parliament s forces by
sea and land : ROBERT, earl of Essex, late general of
the parliament s army; Lord FAIRFAX; Sir THOMAS
FAIRFAX, general of the army, and constable of the
Tower of London ; Lieut.-general CROMWELL ; Major-
general SKIPPON; Earl of WARWICK, admiral of the
narrow seas; ALEXANDER LESLEY, general of the
Scots; Earl of MANCHESTER." All on horseback. Sold
by Stent ; large h. sh. scarce.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, lying in state
in Westminster Abbey ; fol. eight English verses. P.
Stent.
ROBERT, earl of Essex, JEtatis sua 56. W. Hole.
A mournefull cloud, 8$c. 1646; to Codrington s "Life
of R. E. of Essex ; 4to.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, with hat and
feather ; general of the army ; standing whole length.
W. Hollar; scarce; 4 to. Stent ex.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex; from the above.
W. Richardson.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, 3d earl of Essex. Geremia sc.
In "Noble Authors" by Mr. Park; 1806.
OF ENGLAND. Gl
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex, from the ori
ginal in the possession of Charles Chadwick, esq.
Stringer del. Basire sc. In Shaw s " History of Staf
fordshire."
ROBERT DEVEREUX, &c. small whole length; em
blematic devices ; death with his dart; hour-glass with
wings of time ; four English lines,
" Prepare for death, lest hee
Send thee to woe and miserie;
Time swift doth run
.To judgment thou must come."
Small 4to. Sold by P. Stent; scarce.
ROBERT DEVEREUX, earl of Essex; Svo. Van
Dyck; in Clarendons " History."
ROBERT, earl of Essex, with General Lesley; Sir
Thomas Fairfax ; Edward, earl of Manchester ; Ge
neral Skippon ; Oliver Cromwell ; Sir William
Waller; Sir William Brereton ; General Massey,
and General Brown ; ten ovals ; with a perfect list of
all the victories obtained by the parliamentary forces,
with the names of the cities, towns, castles, and forts,
taken since the beginning, to this present month, August,
1646 ; by Josiah Ricraft ; a folio sheet ; rare and cu
rious ; in the collection of Sir Mark Masterman Sykes,
bart.
Robert, earl of Essex, was the only son of the unfortunate fa
vourite of Queen Elizabeth, and inherited much of his father s po
pularity. He acquired, in the Low Countries, a great reputation
as a soldier ; a kind of merit, that was despised by James I. and
overlooked by Charles. His courage was great, his honour was
inflexible ; but he rather waited, than sought for opportunities of
62 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
fighting ; and knew better how to gain, than improve a victory.
When he took the command of the parliament army, he was
better qualified than any man in the kingdom for that post ; but
was soon eclipsed by a new race of soldiers, who, if not his supe
riors in the art of war, went far beyond him in spirit and enterprise.
He died the 14th of September, 1646: and his death helped to
open a way for the ambition of Cromwell.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX, knight, general of the
forces raised by the parliament. Ed. Bowers p.
W. Marshall sc. On horseback. Frontispiece to " Eng
land s Recovery : being the History of the Army under
the conduct of Sir Thomas Fairfax ;" fol. 1647.
THOMAS, (afterward) lord Fairfax. Cooper p.
Houbraken sc. In the collection of Brian Fairfax, esq.
II lust. Head.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX ; from a miniature in the
hands of Brian Fairfax, esq. Hulett sc. In Peck s
"Life of Cromwell;" 4fo. The original picture was
painted by Heywood.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX. Walker p. Fait home sc. In
armour; h. sh. scarce* This is copied by Vandergucht 9
in Svo.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX; etched by Streeter^ in an
oval of palms. This is in the view of the battle of Naseby,
in " England s Recovery" 8$c. mentioned above.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX ; 1648. Hollar f. I2mo. in
an oval. Joan Huyssens excudit Antwerp uz.
* The first impressions are. sold by Rowlett, the second by Thomas Hinde.
t Afterward serjeant-painter to Charles II.
OF ENGLAND. 63
THOMAS FAIRFAX, general ; in a cloak, staff, fyc. in
Hollar s manner ; 8vo.
THOMAS FAIRFAX, &c. eight verses, in High Dutch;
large 8vo.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX, on horseback. Sold by Tho
mas PEnde; h. sh.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX. Stent ; 4to.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX ; anagramma, Fax erit fa-
mosa ; 4to.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX ; " Cater a norunt" $c.
large Mo.
THOMAS FAIRFAX, generalis exercituum, &c. I2mo.
SIR THOMAS FAIRFAX. Moncornet exc. 4to.
THOMAS FAIRFAX, nova Anglican^ reipublicce, 8$c.
capitaneus generalis.
FAIRFAX, the lord-general of the forces raised by
the parliament ; sash about his waist ; 4to.
THOMAS, lord Fairfax ; a sash about his waist.
Vertue sc. Copied from the foregoing .
THOMAS, lord Fairfax; profile; hat; holding his
sword and papers ; six Dutch verses. Savry exc. large
4to. a curious print.
THOMAS, lord Fairfax. T. Worlidge f. 3J inches
by 2%.
64 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
THOMAS, lord Fairfax, baron of Cameron, Sec. in
armour.
LORD FAIRFAX, with a Hebrew inscription , in Eng
lish, "His integrity hath broken the wild ass;
THOMAS, lord Fairfax. Bocquet sc. In " Noble
Authors" by Mr. Park.
THOMAS FAIRFAX, general du parlement; in
Larreys " History of England."
Thomas, lord Fairfax, was formed as a soldier under Horatio,
lord Vere, in the Netherlands ; and was at the taking of Bois le
Due from the Spaniards. He was one of the first characters of his
time for integrity, and military accomplishments ; but his natural
simplicity was so great, that he was ever the dupe of Cromwell,
who had only the appearance of it. He was a very useful instrument
in the hands of that aspiring man, who quickly reaped the fruit of
all his victories. Sir Horace Vere, his master in the art of war,
was remarkable for doing great things with few men; and Fairfax,
with the loss of few. He had a considerable share in the resto
ration of Charles II.* See Class IX.
OLIVER CROMWELL, lieutenant-general. Joost
Hartgers exc. Svo.
Oliver Cromwell united, in a very high degree, the characters of
the politician and the general ; and occasionally assumed those of
the buffoon and the preacher. He broke forth from his obscurity,
at an age when others think themselves doomed to it for ever ; and
when many begin to entertain thoughts of retiring from the world,
* Mr. Ralph Thoresbj informs us, in the account of his own " Museum," that
Lord Fairfax made a collection of engraved portraits of warriors. He also made a
collection of coins and medals, which were purchased by Mr. Thoresby s father.
It should be remembered to his honour, that he allowed a considerable pension
to that able and industrious antiquary, Roger Dodsworth, who had the greatest
hand in the " Monasticon."
OF ENGLAND. 65
he began to make the most conspicuous figure in it. He availed
himself of the virtues and the vices, the talents and the weaknesses
of mankind ; and such obstacles as would have been insurmount
able to an inferior genius, helped greatly to carry him on in his
career. His most signal exploit in this reign, was at the battle of
Naseby, where, in that decisive action, he wholly turned the fortune
of the day.* See the Interregnum, Class I.
^MAJOR-GENERAL THOMAS HARRISON;
from an original painting. M. Vandergticht sc. Svo.
In Clarendon s " History." There is a small print of
him, holding a truncheon.
Major- general Harrison, son of a butcher, at Nantwich, in
Cheshire, was bred an attorney ; but quitted that profession in the
beginning of the civil war. He was a man of courage, and of great
volubility of tongue ; and was of singular service to Cromwell, in
subduing the presbyterian faction. He was one of those who
pleaded for a legal trial of Charles I. whom he undertook to bring
from Hurst Castle for that purpose. He amused Fairfax with long
prayers, for which he had an admirable talent, at the time of the king s
execution. He was one of the ten regicides who were executed in
October, 1660. He died exulting in the cause for which he suf
fered. See the Interregnum, Class IV.f
FERDINAND, lord Fairfax. Soldby Hen.Dochen;
whole length ; 4fo.
FERDINAND, lord Fairfax. T. Worlidge fecit.
* It has been asserted, that his body was carried, by his own direction, to that
part of Naseby field, where he won the victory, and there with great privacy in
terred. " Complete Hist, of England," iii. p. 228, in the notes.
t In Cowley s comedy, called " The Cutter of Coleman-street," act iii. towards
the end, it is said that " Major-general Harrison is to come in green sleeves,J from
tbe north, upon a sky-coloured mule, which signifies heavenly instruction." This
passage was censured as profane : but says the author, in his preface, " Is it pro
fane to speak of Harrison s return to life again, when some of his friends really pro-
fest their belief of it, and he himself had been said to promise it?
t Probably then worn by butchers.
VOL. III. K
I r
66 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
4
The Right Honourable FERDINAND, lord Fairfax;
whole length. W.Richardson. ;- .^
FERDINAND, lord Fairfax; in Simons "Medals,
pi. 11. ->
FERDINAND, lord Fairfax; a small head*
Ferdinand, lord Fairfax, father of Thomas, above mentioned,
was general of the parliament forces in the North. He was
totally routed by the Earl of Newcastle, at Adderton Moor, in June,
1643 : but he and his son gained a complete victory over Colonel
Bellasyse, governor of York, at Selby, the llth of April, 1644, for
which the parliament ordered a general thanksgiving. After Sir
Thomas Glemham had surrendered York, and the earl hadTetired
beyond the seas, he succeeded to the government of that city, and
of the northern counties. He died at York* March the 13th,
1647-8. [ , > , . ; *": . . . ..: ,,,-;.
WILLIAM, earl of Bedford, general of the horse
(under the Earl of Essex) ; G. G. (Glover) f. 4to.
See Class III. ". ;," . ..-
SIR WILLIAM WALLER, knt. serjeant-major-
general, &c. C. J. p. 1643. Rottermondt inc. large
4to. very scarce.^
SIR WILLIAM WALLER, &c. I2mo. Copied from
the above*
* This is in a book called " A Survey of England s Champions, and Truth s
faithful Patriots, by Josiah Ricraft," 1647, 8vo. In the same book are twenty
more small heads ; among which are Lord Roberts, Lord Willoughby of Parham,
Major-general Massey, Major-general Skippon, Major-general Poyntz, Major-
general Brown, the Earl of Calendar, Sir William Balfour, Sir William Brereton,
and Sir John Meldrum. The rest need not be enumerated, as being in general
copies from well-known prints. The book is very uncommon.
t The first impressions have " The Right Valient and Faithfull and famous War-
riour," &c. P. Stent exc. afterward only " Sir William Waller."
OF ENGLAND. 67
SIR WILLIAM WALLER, knt. chief-general of all
the forces in Glocestershire, &c. whole length. Stent;
4to.
-
SIR WILLIAM WALLER, on horseback; inscribed,
Right Valiant and Expert Commander. W. Riddiard
excudit ; very rare.
SIR WILLIAM WALLER; oval. P. Aubrey ex. small
quarto.
SIR WILLIAM WALLER ; small oval. Hollar.
SIR WILLIAM WALLER; ditto. W. Richardson.
SIR WILLIAM WALLER, 1647. R. Walker. J.
Milton; 1793. ...
SIR WILLIAM WALLER, in armour ; bottom part
oval. Rottermondt; Woodburn ex.
Sir William Waller, son of Sir Thomas Waller, constable of
Dover Castle, and Margaret, daughter of Sampson Lennard, lord
Dacre, served in the Netherlands, in the same camp with Sir Ralph
Hopton ; and was in the army of the confederate princes against the
emperor. He was one of the most able and active of the parliament
generals, and was for a considerable time victorious, and therefore
called, William the Conqueror. He was defeated at the battle of
Lansdown, near Bath, and afterward totally routed at Roundway July 5,
Down, near the Devizes. Hence, with a little variation, it was Ju |* 13
called Runaway Down, and continues to be called so to this day. 1643.
Sir Arthur Haslerig s cuirassiers, well known by the name of
lobsters, were among the fugitives. Cleaveland says, that " they
turned crabs, and went backwards."* The conqueror s fame sunk
considerably from this time ; but he afterward had the honour of
defeating his former fellow-soldier, the Lord Hopton at Alresford.
See the next reign, Class IX.
* Cleaveland s " Works,"p. 114, edit. 1677.
68 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR, lieutenant-general of the horse
under the Earl of Essex, commanded the reserve at Edge-hill, with
which he charged so vigorously, that he soon dispersed the king s
best infantry, and seized his artillery. He also greatly distin
guished himself in the taking of Newbury. See the next Class.
EDWARD, lord Mountague (Montagu), baron of
Kimbolton, viscount Mandeville, earl of Manchester ;
from a painting, when one of the members. M. Vander-
gucht sc. Svo. Another , with the same inscription ; \Zrno.
square.
EDWARD MONTAGUE, lord Kimbolton; Illust.
Head.
EDWARD MOUNTAGUE, lord Kimbolton; in Simons
"Medals," p. 15. : .; "" V . . , [ .
EDWARD, lord Montague, oval. W.Richardson.
EDWARD, earl of Manchester, on horseback;
truncheon in his hand ; 4to. very rare.
EDWARD, lord Mountague, &c. major-general of
the association ; 1 2mo. in Ricraffs book.
EDWARD, lord Mountague, c. major-general of
the parliament s forces, in the associated counties of
Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, &c. W. Hollar f. 1644; a
small oval.
Edward, earl of Manchester, a nobleman of many great and ami
able qualities, was a zealous, and no less able patron of liberty ;
but without enmity to monarchy, or the person of the king. He
was one of the avowed patriots in the House of Peers, and the only
member of that house who was accused by Charles of high-treason,
together with the five members of the House of Commons. In the
civil war, he had the charge of seven of the associated counties ;
and with his usual activity and address raised an army of horse,
OF ENGLAND. 69
which lie commanded in person. Soon after he entered upon his
command, he forced the town of Lynne to submit to the parliament,
and defeated the Earl of Newcastle s army at Horn Castle. In
1644, he took Lincoln by storm, and had a principal share in the
victory at Marston Moor. After the battle of Newbury, he was Oct. 27,
suspected of favouring the king s interest ; was even accused by
Cromwell of neglect of duty, and by the self-denying ordinance
deprived of his commission. He heartily concurred in the resto
ration of Charles II. who appointed him lord-chamberlain of his
household. Ob. May 5, 1671, Mt. 69.
PHILIP SKIPPON, esq. in armour; I2mo. in
Ricraffs book.
PHILIP SKIPPON, esq. major-general of the army.
W. Richardson.
Philip Skippon was serjeant-major-general of the parliament
army, major-general of the London militia, and governor of Bristol.
After the passing of the self-denying ordinance, he was preferred
to the same post in the army that he held before ; to which he was
thought justly to be entitled on the foot of his merit. He was pre
sident of the council of war, under the Earl of Essex ; and both in
the cabinet and the field, approved himself an excellent soldier.
He commanded the infantry at the battle of Naseby, where he
exerted himself with his usual intrepidity. " Magnanimous Skippon,"
says May, " was grievously wounded, yet would not forsake the
battle; but with all possible endeavours discharged his part, till
the victory was obtained."* He was a zealous republican, and
indeed went the greatest lengths with that party. His name fre
quently occurs as a member of the House of Commons in the
Interregnum. He was also one of Cromwell s council of state.
He had 1000Z. a year in lands of inheritance, assigned him by the
parliament, for his services. "-f- Walker says, " he was heretofore
* May s " Breviary of the Hist, of the Parliament," p. 96.
t The Duke of Buckingham s estate, at Blecheley, in Buckinghamshire, was
given him, on that nobleman s forfeiture; but, at the restoration, it reverted to the
legal owner.
70 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
waggoner, to Sir Francis Vere."* But if lie were a waggoner,
which is extremely improbable, it adds much to the greatness of
his character, to have been able to raise himself to such eminent
posts in the army and the state, under every disadvantage of edu
cation. I am informed that he was father to Philip Skippon, esq.
who travelled with Mr. Ray. Qusere.
COLONEL MASSEY, appointed lieutenant-
general of the horse, raised for Ireland, by the
parliament; hair, whiskers, c. 12mo.
EDWARD MASSEY, on horseback ; 4fo. W. Sherwin ;
scarce.
EDWARD MASSEY, esq. major-general of the West ;
in armour ; in Ricraft and Leicester s " Surveys."
The undaunted Col. MASSIE, c. W. Bressie f.
whole length^ 4to. scarce. His head is prefixed to " An
historical Relation of the military Government of Glou
cester," 8$c. 1645 ; ilmo.
There is a painting of him, by Coker, at Coddington, in Cheshire.
Major-general Massey, a Presbyterian, and a soldier of fortune,
offered to enter into the king s service, before he was retained by the
parliament, which he served with a fidelity that was greatly ap
plauded. He was governor of the city of Gloucester, which he held
out with invincible resolution against the flower of the royal army,
till the Earl of Essex could be supplied with a sufficient body of
forces to raise the siege. The defence of this city is one of the most
signal instances of bravery in the whole course of the war. He was
set aside by the Independents, upon the passing of the self-denying
ordinance, and we find him a major-general of the army, under
Charles II. in January, 1659-1.
. * Walker s " Hist, of Independency," 1. p. 45. Sir Francis Vere is there called
Pore: I have substituted the true reading.
Skippon was, perhaps, waggoner to Sir Francis Vere, in the same sense as Sir
Laurence Dundas was to Prince Ferdinand.
OF ENGLAND. 71
MAJOR-GENERAL POYNTZ (POIKTZ); in ar
mour; a small head 9 in Ricraffs " Survey."
In the book of Medals by the Simons, plate xxi. is
a medal of POINTZ ; on the reverse, " 1646, Sideni
Pointz,* 10,000 Equit. et Ped. associat. Septent.
Dux. Sum. Ebor. Gubern."
MAJOR-GENERAL POYNTZ. W. Richardson.
Major-general Pointz, a man of courage and activity, gained a
very considerable name, by his vigilance as well as his valour, in- the
north and north-west, where he, in several skirmishes, had the ad
vantage of the royalists. He commanded a large body of the parlia
ment forces, with which he harassed the poor remains of the royal
army, after the battle of Naseby. His most signal exploit was
routing the king s horse at Chester, and killing many gentlemen and
officers of note, particularly the gallant Earl of Lichfield, who was
the third brother of that illustrious house, that sacrificed their lives
in the course of the civil war. It has been said, that his views in
entering into this war were purely patriotic ; and that he was never
known to be influenced by covetousness or ambition, when he had
frequent opportunities of amply gratifying these passions.
JOHN LAMBERT, major-general, &c.
RICHARD BROWN, esq. major-general of Oxon.
Berkshire, and Buckingham; I2mo. square. In Ri-
craft s book.
RICHARD BROWN, esq. W. Richardson.
RICHARD BROWN ; in Simon s " Medals" p. 15.
SIR RICHARD BROWN, bart. ambassador from
* Ricraft styles him Sir Sydcnham Poynlz.
72 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
\
King Charles I. and II. to the court of France; en
graved by Philip Auditiet, from an original drawing by
R. Nanteuill, at Paris, 4to. in Evelyn s " Memoirs."
Richard Brown, an eminent citizen of London, and a warm advo
cate for presbytery, greatly distinguished himself in the field, and
had no small influence in the parliament, where he was a represen
tative for the city of London. He attended the Earl of Essex when
he first marched against the king-, and had a considerable hand in
defeating the royalists near Worcester, and at Edge-hill. He took
Arundel Castle by storm, and seizing on Abingdon, bravely defended
it against the whole force of the garrison of Oxford. In a sudden
sally from Abingdon, he surprised and took Bellasyse-house, which
was strongly garrisoned by the royal party, and found in it a good
supply of provisions. He was one of the commissioners deputed
to receive the king from the Scots army, where, perceiving- the great
advantage his majesty had in his disputes with their politicians and
divines, and probably penetrating the designs of the Independents,
he returned to his allegiance, and ever after inflexibly adhered to
it. He was much in favour with Charles II. whose resident he was
at Paris, before the restoration ; and was soon after created a baro
net, having before received the honour of knighthood. He had the
command of the city militia, and was lord mayor of London, in
1660. His only daughter and heiress espoused John Evelyn, esq.*
during her father s residence in France. f
HENRY IRETON, commissary-general.
HENRY IRETON, autograph and seal ; in CaulfielcTs
" High Court of Justice"
John Lambert and Henry Ireton, who were of genteel extraction,
studied the common law at the inns of court. Upon the commence-
* Cowley, in his " Garden," addressed to (his worthy gentleman, compliments
him upon his taste for horticulture and books, and his happy choice of a wife, who
had, as he expresses it,
The fairest garden in her looks,
And in her mind the choicest books.
t Vita Jo. Barwick, Wood, Hicraft, &c.
OF ENGLAND. 73
ment of the war, they entered into the parliament army, and seem
to have set out with the same principles and views : but Lambert s
ambition, which was his ruling passion, carried him at length much
farther than that of Ireton. They both distinguished themselves at
the battle of Naseby, and were both concerned in drawing up the
remonstrance of the army to the parliament; in which they de
manded, in the style of lawgivers, that the house should be purged
of such as they deemed unfit to sit in it ; and that no parliaments
should be dissolved by the king, without their consent. Ireton had
the greatest hand in drawing up the ordinance for the king s trial,
and the precept for proclaiming the high court of justice, in which
he sat as a judge. See the Interregnum, Class II.
COLONELS, AND INFERIOR OFFICERS.
LORD ROBERTS ; a small head; in Ricrafis
book.
JOHN, lord Roberts, afterward earl of Radnor; in
" Noble Authors" by Mr. Park ; from a miniature by
Cooper.
John, lord Roberts, had the command of a regiment under the
Earl of Essex. He, at Newbury, led the parliament forces to the
charge with great gallantry, and by his courage and conduct routed
the royal army. He, with part of his brigade, defended Plymouth
against the combined force of the enemy, and several times repulsed
them to their great loss. See RADNOR in the reign of CHARLES II.
LORD WILLOUGHBY, of Parham; a small head;
in the same book with that of Lord Roberts.
FRANCIS, lord Willoughby, of Parham. A. Sant-
voort; rare.
FRANCIS, lord Willoughby. Harding.
The Lord Willoughby, of Parham, greatly distinguished himself
in taking by storm, at midnight, the strong garrison of Gainsbo-
VOL. III. L
74 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
rough,* and in it the Earl of Kingston, and many gentlemen and
common soldiers. He afterward besieged and took the castle of
Bolingbroke, with a considerable quantity of arms and ammunition ;
and signalized his courage on many other occasions.
CHARLES SEATON, second earl of Dunferm-
line. Ob. 1674. W. Richardson.
Among the medals of the Simons is a characteristic one
of SIR JOHN SEATON,t a Lancashire gentleman,
who by his courage and activity had a principal hand
in subduing the powerful army commanded by Lord
Strange, and reducing the county of Lancaster to
the obedience of the parliament.
COLONEL (JOHN)OKEY; on horseback. Stent.
COLONEL JOHN OKEY; in an oval. W. Richardson.
COLONEL JOHN OKEY; on horseback; 4to. (Clam-
sin.) W. Richardson.
COLONEL JOHN OKEY> with his autograph and seal ;
in Cauljidd s " High Court of Justice."
Colonel Okey, a man of low birth, and said to have been by
occupation a drayman, was one of those who were called " Root
and branch men ;" who hated the name and office of a king, and
were resolved to extirpate monarchy. He sat in judgment upon
Charles, and his hand and seal is the sixth on the warrant for his
execution. He was one of those regicides who were brought from
Holland, in 1662, in which year he was executed at Tyburn, glorying
in the cause for which he suffered.
SIR WILLIAM BRERETON ; a small head; in
Ricraft s booh.
* July, 1643.
t Quaere, if of the same family as Lord Dunfermline.
OF ENGLAND. 75
SIR WILLIAM BRERETON, major-general of Che
shire. W.Richardson.
SIR W. BRERETON,, M. G. of Ches. Staf. and Lan.
small oval ; in Leicester s " Chronicle ;" scarce.
This brave volunteer gave abundant proof of his valour in the
time of the civil war. He, in a sharp skirmish, defeated Sir Thomas
Aston, near Nantwich, and soon after gave battle to the Earl of
Northampton, in Staffordshire, where that gallant and loyal noble
man was unfortunately slain : he presently after took the town of
Stafford by stratagem. He next defeated Lord Capel; and, aided
by Sir Thomas Fairfax, forced Lord Byron to raise the siege of
Nantwich. On the 18th of August, 1645, he gained a memorable
victory over Prince Rupert, in Cheshire. In November, the same
year, he, in a fierce battle, totally routed a large party of the king s
army, in conjunction with all the Welsh forces under the command
of Sir William Vaughan, which composed a body of six thousand
men. He also took several castles, the town of Rippon, and the
cities of Chester and Lichfield.*
COLONEL LUNSFORD ; from an original picture
in the collection of Richard Aldworth Neville, esq.
W. N. Gardiner sc. 4to.
COLONEL LUNSFORD ; a satyrical print, prefixed to
a rare pamphlet, in the collection of tracts given by
his late majesty to the British Museum.
COLONEL LUNSFORD; # head only ; copied from the
above in Baldwins edition of Greys Hudibras.
Colonel Thomas Lunsford was a man of an ancient family in
Sussex, but of a very small fortune, and of no great education,
having been compelled to fly the kingdom to avoid the hand of
justice for some riotous misdemeanour ; by reason of which he spent
* See Ricraft.
76 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
some time in the service of the King of France, where he got the
reputation of a man of courage and a good officer of foot.
In the beginning of the troubles in the reign of King Charles the
First, he had some command in the king s army, and was promoted
to the lieutenancy of the Tower of London, in the room of Sir Wil
liam Balfour, during the confinement of the Earl of Strafford ; but
Lunsford was so little known, except upon the disadvantage of an
ill character, that in a more peaceable time the promotion of such a
person to so important an office would have appeared very ungrate
ful to the public in general. He was utterly a stranger to the king,
and it was quickly understood to proceed from the single election of
the Lord Digby, who had in truth designed that office for his brother
Sir Lewis Dives, but he being not at that time in town, and Lord
Digby having some secret reason to fill that place in the instant
with a man who might be trusted, he suddenly resolved upon this
gentleman, as one who would be faithful to him for the obligation,
and execute any thing he should direct. The House of Commons
however became so enraged on the occasion, that they desired the
lords to join them in a petition to the king to put the Tower into
better hands ; and indeed Lunsford was not known enough, and of
reputation equal, to so invidious a province; and therefore within
two or three days he resigned the place, and the king gave it to Sir
John Byron.
Colonel Lunsford married Katharine, daughter of Sir Henry
Neville, of Billingbear, and was taken prisoner by the parliamentary
army at the battle of Edge-hill ; but at what time he died is un
certain.
CORNET JOYCE, who seized and took King Charles
the First, prisoner at Holmby, June 3, 1647 ; from an
original picture ; 4to. W. Richardson,
CORNET JOYCE \from a beautiful miniature, painted
on silver, in the collection of E, W. Martin, esq. Svo.
B. Reading sc.
This daring fellow, who was by profession a tailor, entered into
the parliament army, became an active agitator, and soon attained
the rank of cornet. When the plan was formed for seizing the per-
OF ENGLAND. 77
son of the king, at Holmby- house, without being opposed by the
guard, whose affections were all on his side, Joyce came into the
king s presence, armed with pistols, and told him, that he must im
mediately go along with him. Whither ? said the king. To the army,
replied Joyce. By what warrant ? asked the king. Joyce pointed
to the soldiers, whom he had brought, all of whom were tall, hand
some, and well accoutred. Your warrant, said Charles, smiling^
is writ in fair characters, legible without spelling. The parliament
commissioners came into the room, and asked Joyce whether he
had any orders from the parliament ? he said, No. From the general ?
No : by what authority he came ? He made the same reply as to the
king. They would write, they said, to the parliament to know their
pleasure. You may do so, replied Joyce ; but in the mean time the
king must go with me. Resistance was in vain ; the king after pro
tracting the time as long as he could, went into his coach, and was
safely conducted to the army, who were hastening to their rendez
vous at Triploe-heath, near Cambridge. The parliament, informed
of this event by their commissioners, were thrown into the utmost
confusion. Fairfax himself was no less surprised at the king s
arrival. The bold measure, executed by Joyce, had never been com
municated to the general ; the orders were entirely verbal ; and
nobody avowed them. While every one affected astonishment at the
enterprise, Cromwell, by whose counsel it had been directed,
arrived from London, and put an end to their deliberations. Vide
Hume.
SCOTCH GENERALS, &c.
GENERAL LASLAY (LESLEY), earl of Leven, &c.
Vandyck p. In Clarendons " History; 1 Svo.
This print is placed in a part of the history which relates to David
Lesley his kinsman, for whom he was mistaken by the maker of the
index. See the " British Compendium" for Scotland, p. 218. See
also May s Breviary of the History of Parliament," p. 75 ; and
Hilkiah Bedford s " Anonymous Translation of Dr. John Bar-
wick s Life," p. 146.
ALEXANDER LASLKY, general of the Scotch army;
in Ric raft s book.
78 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ALEXANDER LESLY, general of y e Scottish army*;
oval; one of the set by Peake ; rare.
ALEXANDER LASLEY, general, &c. in armour , with
sash ; truncheon in his hand ; (i are to be souldby John
Stafford, in Rosemary -lay ne, ag.y e Roles, 1642;" 4/0.
Jine and rare.
ALEXANDER LASLEY, &c. Tiebout.
. ALEXANDER, earl of Leven, governor of Stralsund;
Svo.
Alexander Lesley (or Lesly), earl of Leven, acquired the highest
reputation as a soldier, under Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden,
who appointed him governor of Stralsund, which he bravely and
vigilantly defended against the Imperialists.* He was also governor
of the cities along the coast of the Baltic ; and afterward " felt-
marshall over the army in Westphalia. "t He had the supreme
command of the Scottish army when it invaded England, and was,
1651. upon the cessation of arms betwixt the two kingdoms, created an
earl; and about the same time made governor of the castle of
Edinburgh. He also commanded the army that marched into
England in 1644; and which had so considerable a share in the
July 2, battle of Marston Moor, the greatest that was fought during the
civil war. Soon after the defeat of the royal army at this place,
General Leven, the Earl of Manchester, and Fairfax, with their
combined forces, sat down before York, which presently surrendered
upon terms. They soon after divided their armies ; and Leven
returning into the north, took the rich town of Newcastle.]: It
should be observed that Alexander Lesly has been sometimes
confounded with David. See an account of the latter in the Inter
regnum, Class VII.
* He was a mere soldier. One day on a march in Scotland, be said to an officer,
" there is the house where I went to school." " How general," answered the officer,
" I thought you could not read ?" " Pardon me, I got the length of the letter G."
Old Zachary Hamilton, preceptor to the Pretender s son, told me this story. LORD
HAILES.
t Monro s expedition, Feb. 1637, p. 77. and O !2.
} May s " Breviary," &c. p. 79.
OF ENGLAND. 79
JACOBUS LEVINGSTONIUS, comes Calen-
deriae,, baro de Aumont, &c. Ant. Vander Does ; in
armour ; h. sh.
The Right Honourable the Earl of CALENDAR, &c.
in Ricraft s book.
The Right Honourable the Earl of CALENDAR, &c.
W. Richardson.
James Levingston, earl of Calendar, who descended from the
house of Linlithgow, was formed as a soldier, in the wars of
Bohemia, Holland, Sweden, and Germany, and acquired a great
reputation in his military character. He was a gentleman of the
bed-chamber to Charles I. who created him Lord Livingston, of
Almont, in 1633, and Earl of Calendar, 1641. Upon the eruption
of the civil war, he took the side of the parliament, but afterward
attached himself to the king. He marched into England, soon
after the battle of Marston Moor, with ten thousand men, to assist
the Earl of Leven in reducing York. He was lieutenant-general of
the Scots army that attempted to rescue Charles from his confine
ment in the Isle of Wight. His most signal exploit was the taking
of Carlisle, in which he found a seasonable supply of arms and
ammunition. Ob. Oct. 1672.*
SIR JOHN MELDRUM, general of the county
*/
of Lancaster, &c. a small head; in Ricraft s "Survey
of England s Champions
"
SIR JOHN MELDRUM. W. Richardson.
Sir John Meldrum, a Scotsman, when he entered into the service
of the parliament, joined himself to Sir William Waller, and first
displayed his military talents in the west, particularly at the taking
of Portsmouth. When the Earl of Newcastle besieged Hull a
second time, he made a bold sally from that fortress, beat the earl
and his whole army from their works, and raised the siege. Upon
* Sec Craufurd s "Peerage," p. 59.
80 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
this success, he, with the assistance of Sir Thomas Fairfax, took
the strong town of Gainsborough,* and a few weeks after, the Isle
of Axholm. He next defeated a body of forces under the com
mand of the Lords Byron and Molineaux, near Ormskirk. The
most signal of his actions was the taking of the town and castle of
Scarborough. According to Ricraft, he was mortally wounded in
taking this castle ; but Bishop Kennet informs us, that he received
his death s wound at Ailresford, in Hampshire, and that he was
buried in Westminster Abbey; but his body was, in 1661, taken
up, and, with several others, buried in a pit, in St. Margaret s
churchyard.f
JACOBUS RAMSAY, Scotus, eques auratus,
gen. maj. MAI, 1636.J , _ . ;
Continuo orando feliciter omnia cedunt ;
Adde, laborando memorabile nomen habebis.
In armour ; a helmet on a table.
SIR JAMES RAMSAY ; in " Theatrum Europa"
vol. iii. p.9\Q.
It was a maxim with this pious major-general, that a soldier
could do much more by " wrestling with God" in his closet, than
by fighting in the field, and that prayers and baiting never hindered
a journey.
RUPERT DUGLASS. P.deJode; 4to. : -
ROBERTUB DUGLASS, S. R. M. in armour ; in an
oval. Wolfgang Kilian sculp; 4to.
* 20 Dec. 1643.
t See Rennet s " Register," &c. sub. ann. 1661.
t Sir James Ramsay was called the Black, to distinguish him from another of
the same name called the Fair. The life of this general was lately published in
4to.; it makes one of the numbers of the Biographia Scotia:.
OF ENGLAND. 81
The following person, who was a Scotsman of an.
illustrious family, was general of the horse to Chris
tina, queen of Sweden. He is represented in armour
with a peaked beard. His print is thus inscribed: " Illustri
ac generoso Domino, Domino RUPERTO DUGLASSIO,
S. R. M. Suecise Militise Equestris generali, et Asses-
sori Collegii Militaris Holmensis, Libero Baroni Hae-
reditario in Huitingham, Domino in Schalby, zeven,
& Hoch, Satten, &c. Domino suo gratioso dedicat &
offert J. Falck, S. R. M. Chalcographus." D. B. p.
J. F. sc.
ifl HEER WILHELM BROG, ridder, ende coronel
generael vande Scotsche natie; 1635; in armour.
C. v. Queboren sc. 4 to.
HEER WILHELM BROG, &c. W. Richardson.
WILLIAM BROG, &c. JEt. 37, 1600. F.Baltesys.
He served under Frederick Henry, prince of Orange ; particu
larly at the siege of Bois le Due. His name was Brooke, that is
Badger.
AN IRISH GENERAL.
ALGERNON SIDNEY, lieutenant-general of the horse in
Ireland, and governor of Dublin, 1646. See the Interregnum,
Class V. and the reign of CHARLES II. Class IX.
There is an octavo print of a young man about
eighteen, holding a helmet. It is inscribed, " Vera
effigies Henrici Colthurst ; Londini natus. Hollar f.
1644 ;" in an oval; scarce. I know nothing of this
person.
VOL. III. M
82 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CLASS viii. ; ;
SONS OF PEERS WITHOUT TITLES, BARONETS,
KNIGHTS, GENTLEMEN, AND PERSONS IN
INFERIOR CIVIL EMPLOYMENTS.
SIR CHARLES LUCAS. Dobson p. Vertue sc.
From the original in the possession of Lord Byron. One
of the set of Loyalists. The head is in the same plate
with Sir George Lisle s.
SIB CHARLES LUCAS. W. Dobson p. Svo. In
Clarendons " History."
SIR CHARLES LUCAS; prefixed to the " Loyal Sacri
fice / I2mo.
There is a portrait of him, exactly similar to this print, at Bil-
lingbere, the seat of Richard Neville Neville, esq. in Berkshire.
Sir Charles Lucas was son of Thomas Lucas, escj. next brother to
Sir John, \vho was afterward the first lord Lucas.* He was governor
of the garrison of Colchester ; and signalized himself in the time of
the civil war, at Newbury, Enborne-heath, Cawood Castle, and Tet-
bury. Though he was esteemed a strict, and by some a rigid, discipli
narian, no man took less advantage of a fallen enemy, or was more
ready to give that quarter which, to the disgrace of humanity, was
refused himself in the day of his distress. Sir Charles was at the
head of those loyalists, who, in 1648, shut themselves up in Col
chester, and defended it with incredible resolution against the army
of Fairfax for three months. When the garrison yielded to the
enemy, their ammunition was reduced to a barrel and a half of
powder ; and their provision to two horses, and one dog.f Sir
* See the " Duke of Newcastle s Life" by his dutchess.
t Mr. Wood informs us, that Sir Charles was amused from time to time with ex
pectation of relief by John Humphrey, ati astrologer, and a disciple of Lilly; and
that this impostor, for the falsehood of his predictions was bastinadoed, sent to
prison, and compelled to serve as a common soldier. " Athcn. Oxon." ii. col. 1110.
OF ENGLAND. 33
Charles met with cruel treatment for his resolute defence of this
place. He, and his friend Sir George Lisle, were ordered to be
shot to death, the same day on which the parliament army entered
the town. He begged a day s respite to prepare for death, but his
request was sternly refused. He died with the cheerful and decent
courage of a soldier and a Christian. Executed August 28, 1648,
His faithful servant, who was a sorrowful spectator of his death,
with great earnestness begged the executioner of his master to
dispatch him also, as his life was become " his torment."*
SIR JOHN C,ESAR,of Hyde Hall, in Herts, knt
second son of Julius Caesar, born Oct. 20th, 1597;
died May 23d, 1647. R. Wilkinson exc. 4to.
Sir John Csesar was born at St. Catherine s, near the Tower, on
the 20th of October, 1597, and baptized there on the 7th of the
next month. Of his education we know nothing; it was probably
of that confined and private sort which, in his time, was thought
sufficient to qualify a man for the character of a country gentleman,
and he seems to have moved in no other. He attended James the
First, however, in his journey into Scotland, in 1617, and received
there, in his minority, from that prince, the honour of knighthood.
The following order from Thomas, earl of Aruridel, earl-marshal,
dated at Arundel-house, May the 20th, 1623, and addressed " to
the officers of arms, at Derby-house," is among the Lansdowne
MSS. " I have received a sufficient certificate that Sir John Csesar
was knighted by his Ma tie at Edenborough, in Scotlande, and took
the oath of knighthoode,with all other ceremonies, accordinge to the
custom of Scotland, on the 29th day of June, 1617 ; and therefore
I require you to enter him accordingly in yo r register of knights,
for which this shalbe yo r warrant."
In 1625, his father settled him in an independence suited to his
station, by a grant of estates in Hertfordshire, particularly of the
manor and lands of Southall, otherwise called Hyde Hall, Olivers,
or East End, near Buntingford, with its fine mansion-house, which
had been built about twenty years before by Sir Leonard Hyde, and
of which there is an engraving in Chauncey s " History of Herts."
That writer informs us, that Sir John Csesar u was a justice of the
* " Lives of Sir Charles Lucas and Sir George Lifele, 16 18, p. 78.
84 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
peace for that county divers years, being qualified with a strong
constitution, and ready smart parts." He died at Hyde Hall, on
the 23d of May, 1647, in the 54th year of his age. Sir John
Coesar married Anne, daughter of William Hungate, of East Bra-
denham, in Norfolk, esq. by Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Wode-
house, of Waxham, in the same county, knt. which latter lady was
thus doubly the mother-in-law of Sir John, having become, after the
death of Mr. Hungate, the third wife of Sir Julius Caesar. The
fruit of this marriage was five sons and two daughters ; John,
Robert, Julius, Edward, and Henry, all of whom married, and left
issue, except the last, who died a bachelor before 1684. The
daughters were Anne and Susan, who were also unmarried at that
date, and probably remained so, as they could then have been little
less than fifty years old.
SIR THOMAS LEVENTHORPE, the elder, of
Shingey Hall, in Herts, bart. 1625. R. Wilkinson
e.rc. 4to.
Sir Thomas Leventhorpe was the eldest son of Sir John Leven-
thorpe, knighted by King James I. in 1603, and created a baronet
on the 30th of May, 1622, and father of Joanna Caesar, wife of
Charles Csesar, esq. of Great Gransden, in the county of Hunting
don. Sir Thomas did not long survive his daughter s marriage in
1662, and his eldest son John died soon after him without issue;
and was succeeded by his surviving brother, another Sir Thomas,
of whom Sir Henry Chauncey gives the following account: " He
was tall in stature ; slender in body ; mo dest in aspect ; grave in
deportment; prudent in all his actions ; obliging in temper ; great
in courage; and unalterable in his resolutions. He was a justice
of the peace, a deputy-lieutenant; a colonel of the horse in the
militia for this county; and voluntarily served the king at sea in
that great expedition against the Dutch ; but was most unfortunately
killed by the blow of a horse, at Melbourne, in the county of
Derby. He was a true English gentleman; honest, and valiant;
much beloved, and most heartily lamented."- -He died in the 44-th
year of his age, leaving by his wife, Mary, daughter of Sir
Capel Bedel, of Camerton, in the county of Huntingdon, bart. an
only child, Mary, who was married on the 15th of June, 1672,
to John Coke, of Melbourne, in Derbyshire, esq. and was succeeded
OF ENGLAND. 85
in the title of baronet by his uncle, Charles, a clergyman, in whom
it became extinct.
SIR GILES ALLINGTON, ancestor of the Lords
Allington, of Wimondley 3 in Herts, and of Killard,
in Ireland. R. Wilkinson eocc. 4to.
This gentleman was the second son and heir of Sir Giles Alling
ton, by Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Cecil, first earl of Exeter :
in the early part of life his prospects were clouded, and his revenues
embarrassed, by an unfortunate marriage, or rather by a most un
just prosecution for which it formed a pretext. "April the 14th,
1631," to use the words of Mr. Charles Csesar s Common-Place
Book,* " Sir Giles Allington was censured and fined in the Star-
chamber Court, 32,000/. only for marrying the daughter of his sister
by the half blood. He paid the fine to Sir Thomas Hatton, a young
courtier." Of the precise genealogical particulars attending this
connexion we are ignorant, for having been thus declared illegal,
it was of course excluded from the official pedigrees of the family in
the college of Arms. It is however stated there, in one of that
numerous class of manuscripts which, though not deemed legal
evidence, are unquestionably authentic, that he married " the
daughter of Mr. Dalton, and sister to Mr. Gibbes, and so his own
niece, for which incestuous match he was grievously censured, and
fined in the high commission court, 1631."
It is remarkable, however, that his issue was not bastardized.
He had three children, of whom William, his only son, was, on the
28th of July, 164 2, (a poor compensation for his father s im
mense loss), created baron Allington, of Killard, in Ireland, and
left two sons, William and Hildebrand, the former of whom was
advanced to the English peerage, by the title of lord Allington, of
Wimondley, in the county of Hertford ; married Diana, daughter
of William, first duke of Bedford of the Russels ; and was constable
of the Tower towards the end of the reign of Charles the Second.
Giles, his only son and successor, died in 1691, an infant of ten
years old, whereupon the English barony ceased, and the Irish
* Sec the " Life of Julius Caesar, knt. with Memoirs of his Family and Descend
ants." Loml. 1U10, 4lu.
86 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
honour devolved on his uncle Hildebrand, in whom, he dying with
out issue, the male line of the Alltngtoris, and the title, became
extinct together.
SIR WILLIAM HERICKE; anno Domini 1 62S.
J. B. (Basire) sc. In Nichols s " History of Leicester-
shire."
William Heyricke, Eyrike, Eyrie, or Erick (as they were origi
nally spelt), fifth son of John and Mary Eyrick, was born at
Leicester about the year 1557; went to London about 1574, to
reside with his brother Nicholas ; and afterward purchased a
spacious house in Wood-street, which had been the Lady Allett s.
He had also a house at Richmond, and another at Westminster ;
and, as appears by one of his papers, for a considerable time
"resided constantly at court;" was a man of great abilities and
address ; remarkably handsome in person, as appears by a small
picture still preserved of him in his younger days ; and was high
in the confidence of Queen Elizabeth, as well as of King James,
both before and after his coming to the crown ; and, by honour
able services to both, acquired large property.
He was sent by Queen Elizabeth on an embassy to the Ottoman
Porte; and on his return, was rewarded with a lucrative appoint
ment in the Exchequer ; and enjoyed several other places of
honour, and trust during the remainder of the queen s reign, and
also under her successor, King Jarnes.
In 1594-5, he purchased from the agents of Robert, earl of
Essex, that nobleman s estate and interest at Beaumanor ; and
soon after, selecting this delightful spot for his residence, bought-in
all the different outstanding leases (one of which was then in the
hands of Sir George Hastings) ; held a court-leet and court-baron in
that year ; and in 1 595, purchased the great and small tithes of
Mountsorell and Duorndon.
May 6, 1596, he married Joan, daughter of Richard May, esq.
citizen of London (of the ancient family of May, of Mayfield-place,
in Sussex), sister to Sir Humphrey May, knt. chancellor of the
clutchy of Lancaster; and to Hew May, esq. one of the grooms of
the privy-chamber to King James I. and to the lady of Sir Baptist
Hickes, afterward viscount Camden.
His picture at Beaumanor exhibits him with a peaked beard,
OF ENGLAND. 87
a large ruff, and in a white satin doublet, which he used on
Christmas-day, attending Queen Elizabeth on that festival. He
wears a sword ; and over his dress hangs loosely a large black
cloak, his plaited ruffles are closely turned back over his sleeves.
In one hand are his gloves ; and the other, elevated to his breast,
holds the strings and tassels of his ruff. On one side, within a
wreath, is the motto, " Sola Supereminet Virtus ;" on the other,
" Anno Dom. 1628, ^Etatis suoe 66." He died at Beaumanor,
when he was 96 years of age.
SIR GEORGE LISLE. Vertuesc. From a painting
in the possession of Mr. Holman. One of the set of
Loyalists. The head is in the same plate with Sir Charles
Lucas.
SIR GEORGE LISLE; Qvo. M. v. Gucht sc. In Cla
rendon s " History"
SIR GEORGE LISLE; prefixed to the " Loyal Sacri
fice ;" [2mo.
Sir George Lisle, son of a bookseller in London, had his military
education in the Netherlands. He signalized himself upon many
occasions in the civil war ; particularly at the last battle of Nevv-
bury ; where, in the dusk of the evening, he led his men to the
charge in his shirt, that his person might be more conspicuous. The
king, who was an eye-witness of his bravery, knighted him in the
field of battle. In 1648, he rose for his majesty in Essex; and
was one of the royalists who so obstinately defended Colchester,
and who died for their defence of it. This brave man, having
tenderly embraced the corpse of Sir Charles Lucas, his departed
friend, immediately presented himself to the soldiers, who were
ready for his execution. Thinking that they stood at too great a
distance, he desired them to come nearer : one of them said, " I
warrant you, Sir, we shall hit you." He replied with a smile,
" Friends, I have been nearer you, when you have missed me."
Executed August 28, 1648.
SIR JOHN GAGE, bart. from the original at
88 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Hengrave ; engraved by R. Cooper, 4 to. in Gage s
" History and Antiquities of Hengrave, in Suffolk."
Sir John Gage, of Firle, created a baronet on the 26th of March,
1622, married Lady Penelope Darcy, third daughter of Thomas,
earl of Rivers, and had issue by her, 1. Sir Thomas Gage, second
baronet of Firle, from whom are descended the viscounts Gage ;
2. John Gage, of Stoneham, in Suffolk, who died without issue ;
3. Sir Edward Gage, from whom is descended the present owner
of Hengrave ; 4. Henry Gage, who married Henrietta, daughter of
Thomah Jermyn, of Rushbrook, in Suffolk, brother of Henry, earl
of St. Alban s, and had a son, John Gage, who died without issue ;
5. Frances, wife first of Sir William Tresham, of Liveden, in
Northamptonshire, baronet, and afterward of Sir George Gage, of
Raunds ; 6. Elizabeth, wife of Sir Francis Petre, of Cranham Hall,
in Essex, grandson of William, second lord Petre ; 7. Penelope,
wife of Henry, son and heir of Sir Henry Merry, of Barton, in Der
byshire, by Elizabeth, sister of Sir Edward Vernon of Sudbury, in
the same county ; 8. Anne, wife of Henry, sixth son of William,
second lord Petre ; 9. Dorothy, who died young, and was buried
at Hengrave. Sir John Gage died on the 3d of October, 1633, and
was buried at West Firle.
SIR ROBERT HARLEY, knight of the Bath,
of Bramton Bryan Castle, in the county of Here
ford. P. Oliver p. in miniature; G. Vertue sc. 1737;
h. sh.
SIR ROBERT HARLEY ; 4to. P. Oliver (T. Trotter).
There is a portrait of him at Welbeck.
Sir Robert Harley was knight of the shire for the county of
Hereford, and master of the mint, to which office was annexed a
salary of 4000/. a year. He first introduced that well-known artist,
Thomas Simon,* to engrave the dies for the king s coins and
medals. In 1640, he was commissioned by the commons, to demo-
* His name is sometimes spelt Symonds. Vertue has engraved an elegant vo
lume of his coins and medals,
OF ENGLAND. 89
lish all images, crucifixes, and other obnoxious relics of popery;
and his commission was punctually executed. He had consider
able influence in the House of Commons ; and like others of his
illustrious family, was a great friend and patron of learning. Ob.
6 Nov. 1656.
CAPTAIN BURLEIGH; from a drawing in the
King s " Clarendon" R. Cooper sc.
This gentleman was of a good family in the Isle of Wight, and
had been a captain of one of the king s ships, but was put out of
command when the fleet rebelled against their sovereign : he after
ward served the king in the army, and was made a general of the
ordnaace, and at the end of the war he retired to the Isle of Wight,
where many of his family then lived in good reputation. Captain
Burleigh was at Newport, the chief town in the island, when Ham
mond, the governor of Carisbrook Castle, had put some indignity on
the king, and turned all his servants out of the castle, and forbid
any of them to return to their royal master. This so incensed Bur
leigh that he caused a drum to be beaten, and put himself at the
head of the people, who were well affected to the king, in order to
rescue him from his captivity. The populace were soon quieted,
and dispersed ; but their leader, Burleigh, was seized by Hammond,
and sent a prisoner to Winchester, where he was shortly after tried
for high-treason in levying war. He was found guilty, hanged,
drawn, and quartered.
NATHANAEL BARNARDISTON, knt. of Ket-
ton, in Suffolk. F. II. Van Hove sc.
Sir Nathaniel Barnardiston, knight of the shire for Suffolk, was
a gentleman of exemplary behaviour in every relation of life. He
was a true friend to the liberties of his country, but deeply re
gretted the distractions of it. His piety, like the rest of his virtues,
was extraordinary ; and he was a perfect pattern of conjugal fide
lity and affection. A detail of his character may be seen in his
Life, by the Rev. Mr. Samuel Fairclough ; or in his Funeral Ser
mon, by the same hand. Ob. 1653, Mt. 66. It is remarkable,
VOL. III. N
90 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
that two baronets of his family, Sir Samuel, and Sir Thomas
Barnardiston, sat in the House of Commons, in the reign of Anne.*
SIR ROBERT AYTON, knight ; from his monu
ment in Westminster Abbey ; vo. 11. Wilkinson exc.
On the entablature is the following Latin inscription :
Clariss mi Omnigenaq Virtute et Eruditione, Prsesertim
Poesi Ornatiss 1 Equitis Domini Roberti Aitoni
Ex Antiqua et Illustri Gente Aitona, ad Castrum
Kinnadinu apud Scotos, Oriundi, qui a Sereniss mo
R. Jacobo in Cubicula Interiora admissus, in
Germaniam ad Imperatorem, Impeiiiq. Principes
Cum Libello Regio, Regise Authoritatis Vindice
Legatus, ac Primum Annse, Demum Marise,
Sereniss mi3 Britanniarum Reginis ab Epistolis,
Consiliis et Libellis Supplicibus, nee non Xenodochio
S tae Catherines Prsefectus. Anima Creatori Reddita, Hie
Depositis Mortalibus Exuviis Secundum Redemtoris
Adventum Expectat.
Carolum Linquens Repetit Parentem,
Et Valedicens Mariee Revisit
Annam, et Aulai Decus Alto Olympi
Mutat Honore.
Obiit Coelebs in Reo;ia Albaula
O
Non sine Maximo Bonor: Omnium Hoc Devoti Gratiq. Animi .
Luctu etMoeore. ^tat suse LXVIII. Testimonium Optimo Patruo
Salut. Humance MD.CXXXVIII. Io : Aitonus, M. L. P.
Musarum Decus Hie, Patriaeq. Auloe, Dominique,
Et Foris Exemplar, sed non Imitabile, Honesti.
SIR MARTIN LISTER, knight, 1626. R. White
sc. h. sh. scarce.
* This family is also remarkable for giving rise to the name of Roundhead, as
appears from the following note taken from Rapin s " History." " The (London)
apprentices wore the hair of their head cut round, and (he queen observing out of
a window, Samuel Barnardiston among them, cried out, See what a handsome
roundhead is there ! And the name came from thence, and was first publicly used
by Captain Hide."
OF ENGLAND. 91
SIR MARTIN LISTER, knight, 1626; Svo. W. Rl-
chardson.
The original portrait, which the print nearly resembles, is in the
possession of George Gregory, esq. of Harlaxton, near Grantham,
whose grandfather caused this, and those of Sir Matthew, and
Lady Lister, to be engraved.
Sir Martin Lister was son of Sir Matthew Lister, the king s
physician, of whom there is some account in the ninth Class, to
which, and the article of Lady LEISTER, Class XI. I refer the
reader. I shall only observe here, that he was an officer of the
militia, and that at Harlaxton is preserved a very rich and curious
belt, which he wore in that character.
" Vera ac viva effigies EDMUNDI FORTESCUE
de Fillapit, (vel Fallowpit) in comitatu Devonian,
Equitis Aurati, pro obedientia sua Carolo Magnse
Britanniag regi, nunc in Hollandia exulis ; JEt. 38,
1647." Henry Danckers sc. Hagce Com. in armour ;
h. sh.
Sir Edmund Fortescue was descended from Sir Henry Fortescue,
lord chief-justice of the Common Pleas in Ireland, in the reign of
Hen. VI.* He, on various occasions, distinguished himself by his
courage and fidelity to Charles I. in the civil war. He was go
vernor of Charles Fort, at Salcombe, in Devonshire, which, when
it was no longer tenable, he surrendered upon honourable terms.
He afterward fled into Holland, and in his exile compounded for
his estate, at upwards of 660/. He lies buried at Delft, where a
monument is erected to his memory.
SIR PHILIP MAYNWARING, a gentleman of
an ancient family, and of eminent abilities, was
secretary to the Earl of Strafford. His portrait is
in the same print with that of the earl.
SIR JAMES CAMBELL, knight; some time
* Tiiis Sir Henry married to his second wife the heiress of Fallowpit.
92 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
lord mayor and senior alderman of London, &c.
G. (Glover) sc. Svo. scarce. There is a print of his
Tomb, by W. Marshall.
Sir James Cambell, a worthy magistrate, succeeded Sir Richard
Dane, in the office of lord mayor, 1629. See Browne s " Rare Pat-
terne of Justice and Mercy," in which is an account of " many
notable and charitable legacies of Sir James Cambell, knight and
alderman," 1624.
JOHANNES WEBSTERUS. Cor. Jo. (Johnston)
p. T. Matham sc. eight Latin verses, by C. Barlceus.
See the reign of Charles II. Class VIII.
MR. WILLIAM HERVEY. M. Vandergucht sc.
In the best edition of Coioley s Works, in &vo.
William Hervey, second son of Sir William Hervey, of Ick worth,
was a young gentleman of many excellent and amiable qualities.
He was a fellow-collegiate, and intimate friend of Mr. Cowley,
who has very feelingly lamented his death, in an excellent copy of
verses. He died at Cambridge, the 23d of Sept. 1642, in the 23d
year of his age. His brother was direct ancestor to the present Earl
of Bristol.
ISAAC PENNINGTON, lord mayor of London;
for 164.
gold-chain ; sword in his hand: a small portrait, in a
large half -sheet print, entitled " The Committee, or Po
pery in Masquerade." The several sectaries are sitting at
a table, before which stand the mare and the quaker, *
Sir John Denham has written a ballad on this subject, which begins thus :
" All in the land of Essex,
Near Colchester the zealous,
Was play d such a prank
On the side of a bank,
As would have made a stonehorse jealous,"
The story of the dog and the elder s maid is much of the same kind ; of this there
is also a ballad. Mr. Dryden alludes to this story in the second part of " Absa
lom and Achitophel." It is worth the reader s while to turn to the verses.
OF ENGLAND. 03
and the dog and the elder s maid., c. with many verses
underneath, describing the different sects , and the per sons
represented in the print.
ISAAC PENNING TON; cut in wood; prefixed to " A
true Declaration and just Commendation of the great
and incomparable Care of the Right Honourable Isaac
Pcnnington, Lord Mayor of the City of London,, in ad
vancing and promoting the Bulwarks and Fortifications
about the City and Suburbs, with a Vindication of his
Honour from all the malicious Aspersions of Malig-
nants. Published and presented to his Honour by W. S"
1643.
ISAAC PENNINGTON, with sword in hand ; small;
from the above print.
ISAAC PENNINGTON, lord mayor,&c. W.Richardson.
ISAAC PENNINGTON, lord mayor, &c. with his
autograph and seal in " Coalfield s High Court of
Justice."
Isaac Pennington, the factious lord mayor of London, was of a
very different character from the town-clerk (or mayor) of Ephesus,
as he was the greatest raiser of tumults in this reign. In 1640, he
presented a petition for the total alteration of church government,
which was signed by fifteen thousand persons. The licensing of
Ovid s " Art of Love," was then heavily complained of, among the
ecclesiastical abuses ; and indeed with much more reason than the
greater part of them.* In 1643, he presented another petition
* John Warner, another seditious lord mayor, raised a great tumult in this
reign about rosemary and bays, at Christmas.t It is observable, that many persons
at that time of the year, affected to hold minced pies in the utmost detestation ;
though they were well known to have no aversion to them at any other season.
t " Hist, of Independency," i. 83.
94 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
against making peace with the king. He was one of the alder
men who, with Thomas Andrews, the lord mayor, personally pro
claimed the act for abolishing kingly government. He was one of
the king s judges who surrendered themselves at the restoration,
and who, though attainted and convicted of high-treason, were
respited from execution. He died soon after in the Tower, of which
he had been lieutenant.*
SIR PHILIP STAPLETON ; from a drawing in
the King s " Clarendon R. Cooper sc.
Sir Philip Stapleton, a younger son of a good family, inherited
a moderate estate of about 500/. a year, in Yorkshire, and, accord
ing to the custom of the country, spent much of his time in those
pleasures which horses and dogs administer. Being returned to
serve in parliament, he concurred with his neighbours, Hotham
and Cholmondley, in the prosecution of the Earl of Stratford, and
supported that measure with all his power. He was a much
younger man than either of his two friends, and had strengthened
a bond of amity with Sir John Hotham, by a marriage with his
daughter. He was particularly busy in committees ; likewise in pre
paring and presenting petitions for redress of grievances, &c. but
does not appear to have acted in any military capacity during the
troubles.
SIR PAUL PINDAR, with his brother ; two ovals. I
Trotter sc.
Sir Paul Pindar was early distinguished by that frequent cause
of promotion, the knowledge of languages. He was put apprentice
to an Italian master, travelled much, and was appointed ambas
sador to the Grand Seignor by James I. ; in which office he gained
great credit, by extending the English commerce in the Turkish do
minions. He brought over with him a diamond valued at 30,000/.;
the king wished to buy it on credit, but this the sensible merchant
declined ; but favoured his majesty with the loan on gala days :
his unfortunate son became the purchaser. Sir Paul was appointed
fanner of the customs by James, and frequently supplied that
t See Strjpc s Stuw.
OF ENGLAND. 95
monarch s wants, as well as those of his successor. He was
esteemed at one time worth 236, OOO/. exclusive of bad debts, in
the year 1639. His charities were very great, he expended 19,000/.
in the repair of St. Paul s cathedral. He was ruined by his con
nexions with his unfortunate monarch, and, if I remember right,
underwent imprisonment for debt. It is said that Charles owed
him, and the rest of the old commissioners of the customs, 300, GOO/.;
for the security of which, in 1649, they offered the parliament
100,000/. ; but the proposal was rejected. He died August 22,
1650, aged 84. Vide Pennant s " London. *
ARTHUR GOODWIN, father of Jane, his sole
daughter and heiress,* second lady of Philip, lord
Wharton ; Vandyck p. P. V. Gunst sc. Ex museo se-
reniss. domini de Wharton: whole length; large h.sh.
This portrait, together with the rest of the Wharton family, was
bought of the duke by the late Lord Orford, who gave him a 100/.
for each of the whole lengths, and 50/. for each of the half lengths.
That of Arthur Goodwin, esteemed one of the best, is in the
grand collection of the Duke of Devonshire, to whom Lord Orford
made a present of it. See " Anecdotes of Painting," ii. p. 100,
2d edit.
Arthur Goodwin, who was one of the active patriots in this
reign, was a very intimate friend of the celebrated Hamden. His
daughter Jane, was the second of the three wives of Philip, lord
Wharton, by whom she was mother of the famous marquis, and
grandmother to the more famous duke ; who soon dissipated the
estate at Upper Winchendon, in Buckinghamshire, which she
brought into the family. f The marquis laid out an incredible sum
* There seems to be a mistake liere, as in the "Anecdotes of Painting," vol. ii.
p. 101, 2d edit, note J, Arthur Goodwin is said to be the father of Mrs. Smith.
t The manor of Winchendon is situated in a very dirty part of the county of
Buckingham, where the soil is a very stiff clay. Gibber, the laureaf, who sometimes
visited the duke, was once in his coach with him, when it went very slowly through
a deep slough. Colley, with his usual vivacity and assurance, said to his grace ;
" It is reported, my lord duke, that you run out of your estate ; but it is impossible
for you to run out of this." Communicated by my late honoured friend and patron,
Henry Boyle, esq. who had it from Gibber himself.
96 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
of money upon the manor-house there, which was pulled down a
few years ago, and the materials sold.
MR. HENRY HASTINGS-, whole length ^to. Ere-
therton fecit, 1782; an etching, from the original in the
collection of the Earl of Shaftesbury.
Henry Hastings was second son of the Earl of Huntingdon ; and
inherited a good estate in Dorsetshire from his mother. He was
one of the keepers of the new forest, and resided in his lodge
there during a part of every hunting season ; but his principal
residence was at Woodlands, in Dorsetshire, where he had a
capital mansion ; and one of his nearest neighbours was the Lord-
chancellor Cooper, first earl of Shaftesbury. Two men could
not be more opposite in their dispositions and pursuits. They
had little communication, and their occasional meetings were ren
dered disagreeable to both, from their different sentiments on
politics. Lord Shaftesbury, who was the younger man, was the
survivor ; and the following account of Mr. Hastings, is said to
have been the production of his pen.
" Mr. Hastings was low of stature, but very strong and active ;
of a ruddy complexion, with flaxen hair. His clothes were always
of green cloth; his house was of the old fashion, in the midst of a
large park, well stocked with deer, rabbits, and fish-ponds. He
had a long narrow bowling-green in it, and used to play with
round sand-bowls : here too he had a banquetting-room, built like
a stand in a large tree. He kept all sorts of hounds that ran buck,
fox, hare, otter, and badger ; and had hawks of all kinds, both
long and short winged. His great hall was commonly strewed
with marrow-bones ; and full of hawk-perches, hounds, spaniels,
and terriers ; here and there a pole-cat was intermixed ; and
hunter s poles in great abundance. His parlour was a large room,
completely furnished in the same style. On a broad hearth, paved
with brick, lay some of the choicest terriers, hounds and spaniels ;
one or two of the great chairs had litters of cats in them, which
were not to be disturbed ; of these, three or four always attended
him at dinner; and a little white wand lay by his trencher to defend
it, if they were too troublesome. In the windows, which were very
large, lay his arrows, cross-bows, and other accoutrements. The
corners of his room were filled with the best hunting and hawking-
OF ENGLAND. 97
poles ; his oyster-table stood at the lower end of the room, which
was in constant use twice a day, all the year round ; for he never
failed to eat oysters both at dinner and supper, with which the
neighbouring town of Poole supplied him. At the upper end of
the room, stood a small table, with a double desk; one side of
which held a church Bible ; the other, the Book of Martyrs. On
different tables in the room, lay hawk s hoods, bells, old hats, with
their crowns thrust in, full of pheasant eggs, tables, dice, cards,
and store of tobacco-pipes. At one end of this room was a door,
which opened into a closet, where stood bottles of strong-beer, and
wine, which never came out but in single glasses, which was the
rule of the house ; for he never exceeded himself, nor permitted
others to exceed. Answering to this closet, was a door into an old
chapel, which had been long disused for devotion ; but in the
pulpit, as the safest place, was always to be found a cold chine of
beef, a venison-pasty, a gammon of bacon, or a great apple-pie,
with thick crust, well baked. This table cost him not much,
though it was good to eat at : his sports supplied all but beef and
mutton, except on Fridays, when he had the best fish. He never
wanted a London pudding ; and he always sang it in with, My
part lies therein a. He drank a glass or two of wine at meals,
put syrup of gillyflowers into his sack, and had always a tun glass
of small beer standing by him, which he often stirred round with
rosemary. He lived to be a hundred, and never lost his eye
sight, nor used spectacles. He got on horseback without help;
and rode to the death of the stag till he was past fourscore." See
Gilpin s " Forest Scenery," vol. II. He died Oct. 5th, 1650, and
was interred at Horton church, in Dorsetshire.
GEORGE TOOKE, of Popes, in com. Hartford,
Arm. " Militia mea multiplex." Edmund Marmion f.
4lo. rare.
George Tooke. This gentleman as we learn from Sir Henry
Chauncy, was second son of Walter Tooke, of , in the parish
of Bishop s Hatfield, in the county of Hertford, esq. His first lady
was Elizabeth, second daughter of Richard Sidley, esq. After her
demise he married Mary, daughter of Thomas Cornish, or Conisby,
esq. He died without issue by either of his wives.
There is a small octavo published, but not written, by John
VOL. III. O
98 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Greaves. It is entitled, " A Description of the Grand Signour s
Seraglio," &c. which that great man has dedicated "To his
honoured and truly noble friend, George Took, esq. of Popes, in
the county of Hartford," See the dedication of this book, which
was printed in 1650, and again in 1653.
JOHN HARRISON, of Leeds, esq. &c. Tern-
plum pro tumulo;" h. sh. rare.
JOHN HARRISON, &c. 4to. W. Richardson.
JOHN HARRISON, &c. from an original picture^ R.
Wilkinson* e.rc. 4to.
* The following biographical memoir of John Harrison, esq. was written by Ed
mund Lodge, esq. Norroy king at arms, to accompany this portrait : " It will, per
haps, be allowed by all, except a few pedants, who submit implicitly to the technical
strictness of etymology, that there are two sorts of patriotism : the one belongs to
kings, statesmen, legislators, soldiers, and sailors ; it attempts to serve the immense
aggregate of a community, consisting often of many millions ; and, as it almost
always mistakes the true means, generally fails to produce the end : the other is to be
found among those individuals who stand foremost in small societies; whose sphere
of mental vision is not fancifully enlarged by the heat of a distempered imagination;
whose capacity of beneficence is more powerful, because it is more circumscribed;
whose sincerity can never be doubted, and whose endeavours are always successful.
"Among the many who have so flourished and perished, almost unnoticed, except
in those confined circles which Providence ordained them to ornament and to bless,
may be reckoned JOHN HARIUSON of Leeds, a roan whose life seems to have been
almost wholly devoted to the service of his township.
" He was born in 1579, and baptized on the 16th of August in that year; the only
son of John Harrison of Leeds, by Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Marton of the same
town. Of the younger part of his life, or indeed, of his domestic character in maturer
years, we know litffe. Thoresby, author of the topography of Leeds, under the
title of Ducatus Leodiensis, has communicated much information as to his public
works; but Thoresby, for many years before his death, had been preparing materials
for a second volume, which he intended to have been purely historical, and for
which, as he informs us in his publication, he reserved the memoirs of this noble
benefactor, Mr. Harrison : that second part, however, he did not live to complete;
and, after his death, his manuscripts were dispersed into various hands.
" Mr. Harrison derived from his father a very considerable fortune, which had been
acquired in trade in the town of Leeds, most of which he applied to the purchase of
real estates there. The annual rents of these, with additions from his own com
mercial profits, he distributed in private charities, alienating from time to time large
OF ENGLAND. 99
John Harrison, esq. alderman of Leeds, deserves to be remem
bered to the latest posterity, for his judicious benefkctions and
portions of the fee-simple, much improved by him, to the various purposes of his
vast public munificence.
" The ancient free-school having stood in an inconvenient situation, and being too
small for the increased population of the town, he removed it, says ray author,
to a pleasant field of his own, which he surrounded with a substantial wall, and
then in the midst of the quadrangle built the present fabric. He erected also the
hospital, or almshouse, near his own church (of which we shall presently speak), for
the residence of forty decayed housekeepers, together with its chapel, and endowed
it with houses and lands in the new streets, and in a part of the town called the
Tenters, which were then annually let for 52J. 5s. together with the moiety of a mill
called Flaycrow, and the reversion of another estate, of the yearly rent of 301. in
Head-row, and Vicar-lane, on the failure of issue from his sisters.
" The handsome cross in the middle of the market-place was erected solely at his
expense j and the New Street, or New Kirk Gate, was wholly built by him, and the
rents appropriated to pious and charitable purposes. This street is terminated by
St. John s, or the New Church, the prime monument, among the many, of his bound
less beneficence ; raised entirely by himself, at an immense charge ; endowed by him
with an annual revenue of 80i. ; and completed in 1634, on the 21st of September,
in which year it was consecrated by Archbishop Neile. Near this stately temple
he allotted from his estate a portion of land sufficient to afford every rural comfort
and convenience, and built on it a very good house for the residence of its minister.
" Here, had he been prompted to these great acts by motives of vain glory and
ostentation, surely he might have rested, and exclaimed, with the poet, Jam opus
exegi, &c. ; but no sooner was his church finished, than we find him purchasing of a
Mr. Falkingham an ancient capital mansion in the town, called Rockley-hall, for
merly the seat of a family of that name of great antiquity, together with a very
considerable property in land. Part of this estate he sold, and the rents of the re
mainder, says Thoresby, he gave to pious uses, and particularly towards the edu
cation and maintenance of the indigent descendants of his two sisters. It should
seem that the sisters of Mr. Harrison were here intended, but it is not so ; the sisters
alluded to were those of Mr. Falkingham, of whom the conscientious Harrison had
discovered, or imagined, that he had made the purchase too cheaply, and therefore
determined to restore to the family the balance which he thought was, in equity,
due to them. He bequeathed them accordingly 1600/. by a codicil to his last will,
which, for its modest and unassuming terms, so remarkably indicative of his cha
racter, we will transcribe verbatim : Whereas I heretofore bought of Richard
Falkingham, esq. divers lands and tenements, part of which I endowed the new
church withal, and part I since sold to several persons for a good sum of money,
more than I purchased the same for; I have thought myself bound to bestow upon
the two eldest sons of John Green, and John Hamerton, who married the coheirs
of Richard Falkingham, the overplus of all such monies as I sold the lands for, more
than the land cost me, &c. Such was this excellent person in all his dealings.
" The town of Leeds was first incorporated by King Charles the First, in 1626,
and the charter then granted, vested the government in a chief magistrate, with the
100 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
chanties to that place. As the church there was too small to
contain the numerous inhabitants, he built and endowed another,
title of alderman, nine burgesses, and twenty-four assistants. Mr. Harrison was
the first who held the office of alderman, to which he was a second time elected, m
1634. He was also one of the eight principal persons of the town, who jointly pur
chased the manor of Leeds from the crown in the same reign.
* It is much to be regretted, as we have before observed, that no memorials have
been preserved of the private life of this excellent man. It is not enough to say,
By his works shall ye know him/ The mind would dwell on the slightest cir
cumstances of his story with a mild complacency, wholly different from those emo
tions with which we contemplate the characters of the heroes of history, but not less
delightful. All sources of intelligence on that part of our subject, however, have
been long closed ; and we can add to this sketch little beyond mere matter of ge
nealogy. Mr. Harrison married Elizabeth, daughter of a Mr. Foxcroft, who resided
near Halifax. She died on the 5th of May, 1651, without issue, and he remained
a widower till his death, on the 29th of October, 1656, when the remains of his
estates, much diminished by his meritorious profusion, fell among the descendants
of his two sisters, Edith, wife of Thomas Gledhill, of Barkisland, esq. and Grace,
wife of Alexander Robinson, merchant of Leeds ; whose eldest son, Henry Ro
binson, B. D. and vicar of that town, afterward emulated, to the best of his power,
his uncle s munificence, particularly in erecting a stately entrance, with curious
columns, to the new church.
" Mr. Harrison lies buried at the east end of that church, under a monument of
black marble, over which is the portrait at full length, in his municipal robes, from
which the present engraving is taken. On the tomb is the following inscription,
more creditable to the fidelity than to the taste of the writer, composed by Dr. Lake,
Ihen vicar of Leeds, and afterward bishop of Chichester.
" Here resteth the body of Mr. John Harrison,
The wonder of his own, and pattern of succeeding ages :
Eminent for prudence, piety, loyalty, charity;
Who, besides other works of a pious munificence,
And many great instances of an excellent virtue,
Pounded an hospital for relief of indigent persons
Of good conversation, and formerly industrious i
Built the free-school of this town for the
Encouragement of learning,
Together with a chapel ; this church, which most may envy,
For the exercise of religion j
And endowed it with eighty pounds per annum.
Also, that he might do good in all his capacities,
He erected a stately cross for the convenience of the market ;
And, having given these pledges of a joyful resurrection,
Fell asleep,
October 29th, Anno Dorn. 1656,
/Etatis suae 77."
OF ENGLAND. 101
at his own expense. He founded and endowed a commodious
hospital for the poor, who, during their health and strength, had
been industrious. He also founded a free-school, and built a
stately market-cross. He left the annual income of his real estate,
which his munificence had greatly exhausted, to be applied to the
relief of his poor relations. The males were, at the discretion of
his executors, to be put out to trades, and the females to have a
suitable portion given with them in marriage. He died the 29th
of October, 1656, in the 77th year of his age,* and was buried in
the noble church which himself had founded. His name deserves
ever to be joined with that of The Man of Ross. His works, some
of which relate to the antiquities of Leeds, were printed at the re
quest of his friends, in 1647. f
JACOBUS CALTHORPE, de East Basham,
in Comitatu Norfolciae, Armiger; JEt. 38. 1642,
//. sh.
He was probably of the same family with Sir Henry Calthorpe,
the recorder, who published " The Customs and Liberties of the
City of London," in octavo. A person of both his names, was
" Marmora quid calas, sculptor, quid inane sepulchrum ?
Exegit monumentum jure perennius.
Tempi urn pro tunmlo, sacri praeconia verbi,
Divimceque preces sunt epitaphium.
Fingere si quid vis, phoeniceni firige suorura
Jam prolem cinerum morte superstitem."
Mr. Harrison, at the request of his friends, printed, in 1617, some miscellaneous
pieces, among which Thoresby enumerates a tract entitled, " The Government of
the Town of Leeds, before it was a corporation ;" and " A Letter to Baron Rigby."
Of the latter book, which probably relate.d to local subjects only, the writer of these
notices has riot been able to find a copy.
* He was seventy-seven, if we may depend on the date on ihc print ; according
to other accounts, no more than seventy.
t In the catalogue of Mr. Thoresby s MSS. at the end of his " Ducatus Leedien-
sis," p. 543. is this article : " The government of the town of Leeds before it was
made a corporation, drawn up by John Harrison, esq. from whose autograph (penes
Alderra. Tho. Dixon) I transcribed it. His letter to Baron Ri^hy. His prayer.
This is not amongst those printed at the request of his friends, 1647 (by Mr. John
Jackson of Berwick.)"
102 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
knighted by Cromwell, in December 1656. He was then sheriff
of the county of Suffolk.
JOHN LA MOTTE, esq. citizen of London, &c.
Faithorne f. Before Better s Life of him, 1656, 4to.
JOHN LA MOTTE, esq. Sec. W. Richardson.
John La Motte was son of Francis La Motte, a native of Ypres,
in Flanders, whence he fled into England from the persecution of
the Duke of Alva, and settled at Colchester, where he had a prin
cipal hand in setting up and promoting the manufacture of " sayes
and bayes." John became an eminent and wealthy merchant in
London, and was chosen alderman of the citv. None of his con-
*/
temporaries maintained a fairer character, or had a more extensive
credit. His piety was exemplary ; and his chanties, in his life
time, almost without example. They extended to the distressed
Protestants in foreign parts, as well as to multitudes of miserable
objects in the three kingdoms. He died much lamented by all
that knew him, on the 13th of July, 1655. He was grandfather to
the facetious Dr. William King, author of the " Art of Cookery,"
and many other pieces of wit and humour.* Particulars of his
life may be seen in the book above mentioned, and in Clarke s
"Lives of eminent Persons," 1683, fol.
HENRY WELBY, gent, sitting at a table, with a
book open before him, on which is inscribed, " Vanitas
vanitatum, omnia vanitas" He has a long and thick
beard, and a staff in his right hand. W. M. (Marshall)
sc. Before his Life, in 4fo. 1637, which is very rare.
It has been reprinted in the " Phoenix Britannicus,^ 4lo.
HENRY WE LEY, gent. &c. W. Richardson.
HENRY WELBY, gent. &c. in CaulfidcVs " Re
markable Persons"
* Sec King s " Miscellanies," p. 11.
OF ENGLAND. 103
Henry Welby was a native of Lincolnshire, where he had an
estate of above a 1000/. a year. He possessed, in an eminent
degree, the qualifications of a gentleman. Having been a com
petent time at the university and the inns of court, he completed
his education by making the tour of Europe. He was happy in
the love and esteem of his friends, and indeed of all that knew
him, as his heart was warm, and the virtues of it were conspicuous
from his many acts of humanity, benevolence, and charity. When
he was about forty years of age, his brother, an abandoned profli
gate, made an attempt upon his life with a pistol, which not going
off, he wrested it from his hands, and found it charged with a
double bullet. Hence he formed a resolution of retiring from the
world; and taking a house in Grub-street, he reserved three rooms
for himself ; the first for his diet, the second for his lodging, and
the third for his study. In these he kept himself so closely retired,
that for forty-four years he was never seen by any human creature,
except an old maid that attended him, who had only been per
mitted to see him in some cases of great necessity. His diet was
constantly bread, water-gruel, milk, and vegetables, and, when he
indulged himself most, the yolk of an egg. He bought all the
new books that were published, most of which, upon a slight exa
mination, he rejected. His time was regularly spent in reading,
meditation, and prayer. No Carthusian monk was ever more con
stant and rigid in his abstinence. His plain garb, his long and
silver beard, his mortified and venerable aspect, bespoke him an
ancient inhabitant of the desert, rather than a gentleman of fortune
in a populous city. He expended a great part of his income in
acts of charity, and was very inquisitive after proper objects. He
died the 29th of October, 1636, in the 84th year of his age, and
lies buried in St. Giles s church, near Cripplegate. The old maid
servant died but six days before her master. He had a very ami
able daughter, who married Sir Christopher Hilliard, a gentleman
of Yorkshire ; but neither she, nor any of her family, ever saw her
father after his retirement.
JACOBUS ASHEUS, JEt. 56; in Simon s Me
dals; plate xx.
James Ash was member of parliament for Bath in 1640, and
afterward in 1656; also recorder of the said city, and one of the
committee at Guildhall for compounding estates.
104 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Effig. vera GUIL. LEE, Patris hujus Progeniei,
jEtatis suse 89, 1635. The head, with arms at bottom,
is at the root of a genealogical tree* which covers a large
sheet. Guli. Porter exc.
Effig. vera GUIL. LEE, &c. oval; Svo. W. Richard
son.
William Lee, of Abingdon, in Berkshire, is memorable for the
blessing of health and long life, and the multiplication of his pro
geny. He had, by his first wife, two sons ; and by his second,
four sons and eleven daughters. He married a third wife, with an
honest and laudable intention of begetting more, but she unfor
tunately proved barren : it is probable, that he would otherwise
have distinguished himself as a prolific patriarch. He lived to see
seventeen in the first descent, seventy-eight in the second, and one
hundred and two in the third ; in all, one hundred and ninety-
seven; who were living on the 5th of November, 1637. He is
recorded here as a singular benefactor to the public. Such men
were greatly wanted by the nation at this period, to repair the de
population of the civil war.
SIR WILLIAM DICK, of Braid, kt. is variously
represented by Robert and William Vaugkan, perhaps
father and son, in a folio pamphlet, which contains an
account of his sufferings.^ 1 . He is seen proudly mounted
on horseback; 2. arrested, and in the Serjeant s hands ;
3. dead in prison.
SIR WILLIAM DICK. Thane.
The strange vicissitudes of human life, and especially those of
the calamitous kind, were never more frequent than in the eventful
reign of Charles I. If we except the fate of that monarch, they
Ingens
Exiit ad ccelum ramis felicibus arbos,
Miraturque novas frondes. VJRG.
t It is entitled " The lamentable State of the deceased Sir William Dick."
OF ENGLAND. 105
were, perhaps, in no instance more signally exemplified than in
that of Sir William Dick, who was lord provost of Edinburgh, and
a very eminent merchant, with a fortune, as he says himself, of
upwards of 50,000/. Having the means, he did not want the incli
nation, to assist his countrymen, the covenanters, with large sums
of money to defray the necessary expenses of the war ; but they
failing in their payments, he so far overstrained his credit, that his
bills were returned protested, and he was totally ruined. He here
upon earnestly applied for relief to the parliaments of England and
Scotland. According to his state of the account, there w r ere due
to him from England 36,803/. from Scotland 28,1 3 II. in all,
64,934/. for the payment of which he had warrants granted on the
chamber of London, in 1641 ; on the English customs, in 1643
and 1644 ; on the cavaliers estates, in 1646 ; and on the excise of
wine, in Scotland, 1651. It appears by Lord Loudon the chan
cellor of Scotland s letters to the English House of Commons, and
to the commissioners in London, 1644, that there was a clear
balance due to Dick of 34,000/. from that nation. Notwithstanding
these warrants for repayment, and the application of the Scots to
their brethren in England, he had only recovered 1000. in 1653,
after sixteen years solicitation, during which time he was reduced
to so great straits, that he was arrested for some small debts
contracted for his necessary subsistence, and, as it seems, died in
prison, the 19th of Dec. 1655, aged 75. Hence we may learn,
that however loudly republicans may talk of liberty, they can be
guilty of as flagrant violations of common justice as the most des
potic princes, when the political necessity of the state calls, or only
serves as a plausible pretence for it.*
An anonymous print of a man in his own hair, with
whiskers and a peaked beard, a plain coat resembling buff,
a shoulder-knot of striped riband, and ribands in bows of
the same kind, which fasten his coat instead of buttons ;
* Cromwell thought himself free from all engagements which the Scottish govern
ment had contracted. The Scots, by their repeated rebellions, forfeited all claim to
his favour. The Earl of Dumferline engaged deeper than Sir William Dick ; and
all of his extensive estates were sold or distributed among his creditors. LORD
HAILTS.
VOL. III. P
106 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
an embroidered ornament, the fore part of which is riot
unlike a breast-plate. W. Hollar f. Londini, 1644, Svo.
This print, which is not in the catalogue of Hollar s
Works, is in Mr. Bull s collection. The Portrait is es
teemed by the best informed judges, to be that of Colonel
Nathaniel Fiewies, second son of Lord Say.
EDWARD CALVER, gent, of Wilbie, in the
county of Suffolk. Svo. The bext impressions are before
the name of Stent.
EDWARD CALVER, &c. W. Richardson.
I am informed from a manuscript note under this head, in the
collection of Mr. Thoresby,* that he was a relation of Bernard
Calver, or Calvert, of Andover, who went from South wark to
Calais, July 17, 1620, and back again the same day. He set out
at three in the morning, and returned about eight in the evening 1 ,
in good health and spirits. + See Granger s " Letters," p, 273.
The true and lively pourtraiture of that worthy
Gentleman LAWRENCE RAWDON, late alderman
of the cittie of Yorke. He died at Yorke, the 25th
of July, 1626. A. Hertocks sc. One of the scarcest of
the Rawdon family.
He was the son of Ralph Rawdon, and married Margery,
daughter of Nicholas Barton, esq.
* Now Sir William Musgrave s.
t An exploit like that of Calvert s is mentioned in Birch s " Life of Robert
Boyle," p. 8. The most extraordinary instance of this kind in history is that of
Cooper Thornhill, an innkeeper, at Stilton in Huntingdonshire, who rode from that
place to London, and back again ; and also a second time to London, in one day ;
which made in all two hundred and thirteen miles. He undertook to ride this
journey with several horses in fifteen hours, but performed it in twelve and a quarter.
Some years ago, Lord James Cavendish rode from Hyde Park Corner to Windsor
Lodge, which is upwards of twenty miles, in less than an hour. Many horses, and
some men, have since lost their lives by exploits of the like kind.
OF ENGLAND. H)7
HENRY SMITH ; a monumental cffigie kneeling,
holding a scull In both hands. R.Sheppard. In Dale s
" Harwich and Dover Courts ;" 4to.
Henry Smith, known generally by the name of Dog Smith, was
born at Wandsworth, of very humble extraction, and became citizen
and alderman of London. During his life, he gave to the town of
Croydon, Kingston, Guildford, Dorking, Farnham, each 10007. to
buy lands for perpetuity, to relieve and set poor people to work in
the said towns; and, by his last will, to Riegate and Richmond, each
10007. and to Wandsworth, 5007. and 10007. to buy lands for per
petuity, to redeem poor captives and prisoners from the Turkish
tyranny; 10,0007. to buy impropriations for godly preachers, and
many other legacies. He died 1627-8, JEt. 79, at his house in
Silver-street, and was buried at Wandsworth. For a further ac
count see Mr. Bray s and Ly son s " Surrey."
FRANCOIS HAWKINGS, tirant a 1 age des dix
ans. J. P. (Payne) sc. I2mo,
FRANCOIS HAWKINS, a 1 age d huit ans; four Eng
lish verses, " See here tti effigies of a child ;" no en
graver s name.
This young gentleman died in the year 1627, or 1628.
GENTLEMEN IN CIVIL EMPLOY
MENTS, &c.
GEORGIUS RODOLPHUS WECKERLIN.
My tens p. Failhorne sc. small 4to.
George Rodolph Weckerlin, a gentleman of German extraction,
was Latin secretary to Charles I. and also licenser of the press,
during this reign. His name often occurs in that capacity, with his
authority for publication prefixed to books of the same period. He
was author of " Poemata sacra simul et profana, Germanice,"
108 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Arast. 1641 ; 8vo. " Poemata profana, sive Odse et Cantica, Ger-
manice," 1648; 8vo.* Elizabeth, his only daughter, was first wife
to William Trumbull, of Eastbamstead, in Berkshire, esq. son to
the agent for James I. arid Charles I. in the Low Countries. She
was mother to the noted Sir William Trumbull, the friend of Mr.
Pope.f
SIR BENJAMIN RUDYERD, surveyor of his
majesty s court of wards and liveries. D. My tern p.
J. Payne sc. h. sh. One of Paynes best heads. Twelve
English verses underneath, and mentioned with commen
dation by Mr. Evelyn, in his " Chalcography."
SIR BENJAMIN RUDYERD, surveyor, &c. Hollar f.
a small oval.
SIR BENJAMIN RUDYERD; small oval. W. Ri
chardson.
His portrait by Hoskins, is in the collection of Col. Sothby, in
Bloomsbury-square.
Sir Benjamin Rudyerd, an accomplished gentleman, and an
elegant scholar, was a very noted speaker in parliament in this
reign, where he pleaded strenuously for the bishops. Many of
bis speeches, and some poems by him, are in print ; the latter are
in the same volume with the poems of William, earl of Pembroke.!
He was the last surveyor of the court of wards and liveries, which
was abolished in 1646. He was recompensed for the loss of his
place, with 60007. and a portion of lands out of the Marquis of
Worcester s estate, which was assigned him by the parliament.
* Bodl. Cat."
t From one of the monuments of the family at Easthamstead.
t London, 1660 ; 8vo.
When an estate was inherited by a female, the king obliged her to marry
whom he pleased; and received, for his own use, the clear profit of the rents, during
the minority of the heir, whether male or female. This was the practice in the op
pressive court of wards and liveries, by virtue of the prerogative. See the last
article in vol. i. of " Vetusta Monumenta," published by the Antiquarian Society,
where there is an historical account of that court, drawn up by the learned professor
Ward of Gresham College.
OF ENGLAND. 109
Ob. May 31, 1658. He lies buried in the church of West Wood-
hay, Berks, under a monument erected by his servant, John Grant,
with an epitaph made by Sir Benjamin himself, in his younger
years.
SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR, gentleman of his
majesty s privy-chamber in ordinary, and his ma
jesty s lieutenant in the Castle Royal, or Tower of
London; 12 mo.
SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR, &c. 1631; 4^.
SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR, &c. a copy of the next
above, by Vertue; 4ta.
SIR WILLIAM BALFORE, &c. W. Richardson.
SIR WILLIAM BALFOUR, late lieutenant of the
Tower of London, and now colonel of a regiment
under the Earl of Essex, on horseback ; 4to. rare.
Sir William. Balfour, though he had great obligations to the
court, made no scruple of attaching himself to its most violent
opponents. He was turned out of hrs office of lieutenant of the
Tower, a little before the breaking out of the civil war, and was
succeeded by Colonel Lunsford. See Class VII.
ENDYMION PORTER, esq. of his majesty s
bed-chamber. Gull. Dobson p. Gull. Fait home sc.
h. sh*
* This portrait pretty evidently appears to have been done for the Earl of Essex,
though it is inscribed with Endymion Porter s name. The grossest impositions are
sometimes practised by printsellers, as well as by the dealers in coins and medals.
Making of antiques is now a trade in Italy, and the virtuosi and literati impose on
each other. The reader may see an account of manj frauds of this kind, in
" Menckenius de Charlataneria eruditorum," a very curious book, but little known. t
t Mr. Granger is certainly mistaken here, the best impressions are those, with
Porter s name to them : and there could be no inducement for the artist to transform
110 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY >
ENDYMION PORTER ; in a circle; mezz. 4lo.
ENDYMION PORTER; hi an oval. R. Cooper sc.
Endymion Porter, whose excellent natural parts were adorned
by arts, languages, and travel, was much in favour with James I.
and his son Charles. He was a man of great generosity, wit, and
spirit, and had a general acquaintance among such as were of that
character. He respected learned men in general ; but loved poets,
and had himself a refined taste for poetry. He attended Charles,
when prince of Wales, into Spain, and was afterward employed by
him in several negotiations abroad. He was very active in secret
services for the king, in the civil war, and was no less dexterous
in conveying his intelligence. He was so obnoxious to the parlia
ment, that he was one of those who were always excepted from
indemnity. He died abroad, in the court of Charles II.
" The true and lively portraiture of that worthy
citizen ROBERT RAWDON, one of the governors
of St. Thomas s hospital, and master of the right
worshipful company of the Fishmongers. He died
at Mitcham, in Surrey, and was there buried, the
15th of Sept. 1644." Small Mo. (R. White sc.)
See some account of this family in the next reign, Class VIII. &c.
MR. GEORGE BOURCHIER; a small head, in
the frontispiece to Wimtanley" s "Loyal Martyrology"
1665; Svo. <{
MR. GEORGE BOURCHIER; enlarged from the above
print ; Svo.
Mr. George Bourchier, an independent and loyal gentleman
residing at Bristol, entered into a conspiracy with Alderman Yeo-
the popular General Essex, into the obnoxious and proscribed groom of the bed
chamber. Perhaps Mr. G. was misled by the military garb of the portrait, not
knowing that Endymion was " captain of the gentlemen of the military or trained
band, being four hundred all brave martialists." BINDLET.
OF ENGLAND. Ill
mans, and several others, to deliver up that city to Prince Rupert,
for the service of the king ; but the scheme being discovered and
frustrated, he was brought to trial before a council of war, and
with Yeomans being found guilty was hung at Bristol. May 30,
1643. In his speech to the populace, he exhorted all those who
had set their hands to the plough (meaning the defence of the
king s cause) not to be terrified by their sufferings, and therefore
to withdraw their exertions in his service.
MR. CHALONER; a small head, in the frontispiece
to Winstanley s " Loyal Martyrology" 1665 ; Svo.
MR. CHALONER; enlarged from the print above;
Svo.
Mr. Chaloner, an eminent linen-draper in Cornhill, joining with
Tomkins, Waller, and others, in a plot to seize the Tower of London,
the person of the lord mayor, some members of parliament, the
committee of the militia, &c. and to let in the king s army, and
overturn the then existing government, was arraigned for the same
before a council of war at Guildhall, found guilty, and sentence
passed on him to be hanged ; which was carried into execution,
before his own door in Cornhill, near the Old Exchange, July 5,
WILLIAM PLATT, esq. J. J. Vanden Berghe
sculpt. In Adolphus s " British Cabinet; 4/0.
This gentleman was son of Sir Hugh Platt, and grandson of
Richard Platt, alderman of London, where he also was born. He
was a fellow commoner of St. John s College, Cambridge ; and the
chief circumstance of celebrity attaching to his name, arises from a
bequest which he made of certain lands to maintain fellows and
scholars, the former at 30/. the latter at 101. per annum. From
some uncertainty in the wording of this bequest, a litigation arose,
which was, at length, compromised by John Platt, heir of William,
who established a maintenance for four scholars at 10/. and two
fellows at 501. per annum.
William Platt also left 30/. a year for the poor of Hornsey and
High gate, and founded a lecture in those parishes. He died in
1637.
112 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY -
SIR ADRIAN SCROPE. Plait sc. InAdolphus s
" British Cabinet ;" 4to. *
Adrian Scrope was the eldest son of Sir Jervais Scrope, of
Codrington, in Lincolnshire, of which county he was high-sheriff
in 1634.
Both father and son, attended Charles I. to the battle of Edge-
hill, where Sir Jervais having received many wounds (some authors
say sixteen, others carry the number to twenty-six), was stripped
and left among the dead. His son, on the day after the fight,
having obtained the king s permission, made search among the
dead bodies, found his parent,, and witnessed, with inexpressible
joy, his perfect recovery.
Adrian Scrope always adhered to the royal cause, and received
himself many wounds in the service. After the restoration, in
1660, he was rewarded with the dignity of knight of the Bath. He
has sometimes been mistaken for the Scroop, that signed the
death-warrant of Charles I. but was of a different name and family.
MR. TOMPKINS ; a small head, in the frontispiece
toWinstanley s " Loyal Marty rology" 1665; Svo.
MR. TOMPKINS; enlarged from the above print; Svo.
.
Mr. Tomkins, who was clerk of the queen s council in conjunction
with Mr. Chaloner and Edmund Waller, procured a commission
from the king, the purport of which was, that they should seize
into their custody the king s children, some members of parliament,
the lord mayor, and committee of the militia, all the city out-works
and forts, the Tower of London, and all the magazines ; then to
let in the king s army to surprise the city, and to destroy all op-
posers. This scheme was grounded on the exaction of taxes im
posed without authority.
The commission was brought to London by the Lady Aubigney
(wife of the gallant lord, who died of his wounds at Edge-hill),
afterward married to Lord Newburgh. On the receipt thereof, seve
ral meetings and conferences were held in order to its promotion ;
and such progress was made, that the business was brought into
some form ; but so many being concerned in it, through the trea-
OF ENGLAND. 113
chery of some, it came to the knowledge of the parliament, where
upon Tomkins, Chaloner, and others, were apprehended, and ar
raigned before a council of war at Guildhall, and there sentenced
to be hanged, which was carried into execution ; Mr. Tomkins
on a gibbet, erected before his own door in Holborn, July 5, 1643.
MR. ROBERT YEOMANS ; a small head, in the
frontispiece to Wmstanleys "Loyal Martyrology" 1665 ;
Svo.
MR. ROBERT YEOMANS; enlarged from the above
print ; Svo.
Mr. Robert Yeomans, a gentleman of plentiful estates, an alder
man of Bristol, and who had served the office of sheriff in the
year 1642, formed a scheme to deliver up that city into the
hands of Prince Rupert, and thereupon it was resolved, that upon
Monday, March 7, 1642, the prince with some forces should draw
towards the city, whilst those within should seize the guard, open
the gates, and by ringing St. John s and St. Michael s bells, give
him notice thereof. Accordingly, Prince Rupert came near the walls
by five o clock in the morning-, expecting the signal; but the plot
being discovered, Mr. Yeomans, and several others, were appre
hended, and after an imprisonment of eleven weeks brought to
trial before a council of war, where Colonel Fiennes, the governor
of Bristol, son of Lord Say, sat as president, by whom Mr. Yeo
mans was found guilty, and sentenced to death by hanging, which
was carried into execution May 30, 1 643, notwithstanding every
exertion of the king to save his life.
CONRADUS RUTEN, ex Scotia, eques. Bron-
chorst p. J. Ccelmans sc. 4to.
SIR CONRAD RUTHVEN ; in an oval; Svo. Tiebout ;
1796.
****** Nfc
VOL. III. Q
114 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JACOBUS PETRUS HUNTER, nobilis*Scoto
Suecus, &c. JEt. 51 ; F. de Nis p. P. Pontius sc.
?Jv *7v Tl" "TV* **P * "TV* */F "Tr TP "7T
\ CLASS ix. ; _ ::;;
MEN OF GENIUS AND LEARNING.
CHARLES I. whom the peculiarity of his fate made an author,
appears to have been a much better master of his pen than his
father. If the " Eikon Basilike"f be his, and it carries a strong
internal evidence with it of its being so, he was as much superior
to the generality of the writers of his age, in point of excellence,
as he was in dignity. This book, which according to Milton, had
the same effect upon the affections of the English, that the famous
will of Julius Csesar had on those of the Roman people, is said to
have gone through fifty editions, at home and abroad, in one year.
Whoever reads Mr. Thomas Wagstaffe s defence of it, can, I
believe, have but little doubt of the king s being the author. It
has been attributed to Bishop Gauden ; but if the reader compare
a few pages of this book, with that prelate s " Sighs, Tears, and
Complaints of the Church of England/ }: he will soon perceive the
difference. Many occasional pieces, written by Charles, are in the
collection of his works in folio. See Class I.
* This epithet means no more than that he was a gentleman. Quaere if properly
placed.
t It seems, from Wagstaffe s " Vindication of King Charles," that the emblema
tical frontispiece to the " Elttxv Baa-friM," in which he is represented kneeling, was
designed by himself, and originally engraved by Marshall. The Greek line at the
bottom, which has been variously and absurdly interpreted, is sufficiently explained
at p. 220, 221, of the Gentleman s Magazine, for 1754 ; but Constantius should be
read instead of " Constantine." The imposture of Pamela s prayer is accounted
for by WagstafTe, p. 116, &c. and 122, &c.
$ Printed in folio, 1659.
OF ENGLAND. 115
: !
PHYSICIANS.
WILLIAM HARVEY, M. D. (physician to
Charles I.) Bemmel p. Houbraken sc. 1739 ; Illust.
Head. In the collection of Dr. Mead.
The picture is now in the possession of Lord Galway.
WILLIAM HARVEY, M.D. sitting in an elbow-chair.
Hollar f. h. sh. scarce.
GULIELMUS HARVEIUS, M. D. Faithorne f. a bust;
Svo.
GULIELMUS HARVEIUS. Cor. Jansen p. Hall sc.
large 4 to. or h. sh. fine. From an original belonging to
the College of Physicians.
WILLIAM HARVEY, by M Ardell, h. sh. mezz.
There is a bust of him engraved from that belonging
to the college. It was done for an ornament to the cer
tificates given by Dr. Hunter to his pupils.
An original portrait of him is at the College of Physicians, to
which he was a great benefactor, and where he founded the annual
oration .
This great physician, who will be ever memorable for his dis
covery of the circulation of the blood, had the happiness, in his
lifetime, to find the clamours of ignorance, envy, and prejudice,
against his doctrine, totally silenced ; and to see it universally
established. It has, by length of time, been more and more con
firmed ; and every man now sees and knows it from his own ex
perience. It appears to be of the utmost importance in medicine,
as it is perhaps impossible to define health and sickness in fewer
words, than that the one is a free, and the other an obstructed cir
culation. Dr. Harvey was not only an excellent physician; he
116 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was also an excellent man : his modesty, candour, and piety, were
equal to his knowledge : the farther he penetrated into the won
ders of nature, the more was he inclined to venerate the author of
it. His great work entitled, " Exercitatio Anatomica, de Motu
Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus," was printed at Frankfort, in 4to.
1627. Ob. 30 June, 1657, Mt. 80.* According to the " Annal.
Coll. Med. Lond." (MS.) lib. 4. pag. 78, 79, he died on June 3,
and was buried on June 26. But if the date of his death in his
epitaph, which is in Hempsted church, in Essex, may be credited,
he died on the 30th of June.
THEODORUS TURQUETUS MAYERNUS,eq.
aurat. Jacob! I. et Caroli I. Magnae Britannia regum,
archiater, ad tabulam in pinacotheca R. Mead, M. D.
asservatam. P. P. Rubens p. I. Simon del. et sc. h. sh.
mezz.
Sir Theodore Mayerne, a native of Geneva, is perhaps the only
instance of a physician who was retained in that character by four
kings ; namely Henry IV. of France,f James I. of England, and
the two Charleses. His reputation was deservedly great in his
profession ; and he may be justly considered as one of the re
formers of the art of physic ; as he was among the first that intro
duced the chymical practice, which time and experience have fully
established.^ He died of the effects of bad wine ; a slow, which
the weakness of old age rendered a quick, poison. He foretold the
time of his death to his friends, with whom he had been moderately
drinking at a tavern in the Strand ; and it happened according to
his prediction. The library at the College of Physicians was
partly given to that society by Sir Theodore Mayerne, and partly
by the Marquis of Dorchester. There is a catalogue of his works,
in the " Athense Oxonienses," among which is a book of receipts
in cookery. It is to be wished, for the good of mankind, that
other skilful physicians would write receipts of this sort ; but not
altogether according to Cheyne s aphorism, which is, " That the
* Biographia. t General Diet.
J The famous Petitot owed the perfection of his colouring in enamel to some
chymical secrets communicated to him by Sir Theodore Mayernc. See "Anecdotes
of Painting," p. 450. 2d edit.
OF ENGLAND. 117
most insipid things are the most wholesome." Ob. March, 1655,
JEt. 83. Some valuable papers by Sir Theodore, written in elegant
Latin, are now in Ashmole s Museum.* They have been read by
Dr. Smyth, an eminent physician of Oxford, who says that they
contain many curious particulars ; they especially shew the state of
physic in this reign, and discover the first invention of several medi
cines. See the Interregnum.
SIR MATTHEW LISTER, knt. doctor of physic,
1646. P. Van Somer sc.
This is a manuscript inscription, under the head. See the article
of Sir MARTIN LISTER, Class VIII.
The following short account of Sir Matthew Lister was sent me,
with other anecdotes of the Lister family, by Mr. Edward Gregory,
an ingenious young gentleman, of Harlaxton, near Grantham,
whose ancestors were nearly related to it.
" Dr. Matthew Lister was a younger son of a family of that name,
which had a large estate at Craven, in Yorkshire ; and was bred to
the science of physic, in which, as I was informed by Sir Edward
Wilmot, he made great improvements; his recipes being at this time
prescribed, almost without alteration, in cases to which they are
applicable. He never published any thing. Sir Hans Sloane had in
his possession these receipts of his, which are now much esteemed
by the faculty." Mr. Wood informs us, that he was physician to
Anne of Denmark, and one of the physicians in ordinary to
Charles I. that he was president of the college in London, and one
of the most eminent of his profession in the kingdom. Ob. 1657,
JEt. 92. See more of him in Rennet s Complete Hist." ii. 790.
THOMAS BROWNE, (afterward Sir Thomas)
med. doctor; small h. sh.
There is a portrait of him, and of many other eminent physicians,
in the anatomy school, at Oxford ; and at Devonshire-house are
* King James sent him into France in 1618, but being suspected that his visit
was tf> disturb public affairs, he was commanded to retire out of the kingdom of
France by the king s council. LORD HAILES.
118 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the portraits of Sir Thomas, his wife, his two sons, and as many
daughters, in one piece, by Dobson.
Dr. Thomas Browne was author of the " Religio Medici,"
a paradoxical piece, written with great spirit, and translated into
almost every language of Europe. This book has been heavily
censured by some, as tending to infidelity, and even atheism ;
others, with much more reason, have applauded the piety, as well
as the parts and learning of the author.* In his " Pseudo-doxia
Epidemica, &c. he has clearly refuted a great number of popular
errors, taken upon trust, and propagated and confirmed by tra
dition and custom. This book, which is his principal work, was
first published in folio, 1646. There is an edition of his works
in fol. Lond. 1686, but this does not contain all his posthumous
pieces.
PLILEMON HOLLAND, M.D. M. SO, 1632.
H. H. invt. Marshall sc. In the engraved title to his
o
translation of Xenophon s " Cyropcedia" foL
PHILEMON HOLLAND; in an oval. W.Richardson.
Philemon Holland, commonly called the " Translator General
of his age," was educated in the university of Cambridge. He was,
for many years, a schoolmaster at Coventry, where he practised
physic. He translated " Livy, Pliny s Natural History, Plutarch s
Morals, Suetonius, Ammianus Marcellinus, Xenophon s Cyropaedia,
and Camden s Britannia," into English; and the geographical part
of Speed s "Theatre of Great Britain," into Latin. " The Britannia,"
to which he made many useful additions, was tho most valuable of
his works. It is surprising that a man of two professions, could
find time to translate so much ; but it appears from the date of the
* Among other peculiarities in this book, he speaks of the ultimate act of love,
as a folly beneath a philosopher ; and says, that he " could be content that we might
procreate like trees, without conjunction." But after the writing of it, he de
scended from his philosophic dignity, and married an agreeable woman. t It was
said that his reason for marrying was, "because he could discover no better method
of procreation."
t The strong, the brave, the virtuous, and the wise,
Sink in the soft captivity together. ^ADDISON S Calo.
OF ENGLAND. 119
" Cyropoedia," that he continued to translate till he was 80 years
of age. Ob. 1636, Mt. 85. He made the following epigram upon
writing a large folio with a single pen :
With one sole pen I writ this book,
Made of a grey goose quill,
A pen it was when it I took,
And a pen I leave it still.
DR. BASTWICK; in complete armour , holding a
shield with his right hand, and a Bible in his left; on the
shield is inscribed, " I fight the good fight of faith;"
under the print are these verses:
" Here stands one arni d, who hath truth s cause maintain d
Gainst error s captains, forces, vaunts, high boasts ;
God s word his weapon, might and strength he gain d
To rout them all, from the great Lord of Hosts."
Frontispiece to " The utter routing the whole army of
Independents and Sectaries" 4to. T. Cross sc.
The next print shews, that he had sometimes recourse to carnal
weapons.
CAPT. JOHN BASTWICK, late captain of a foot
company ; whole length, 4 to.
CAPT. JOHN BASTWICK, doctor of physic; Svo.
JOHN BASTWICK, &c. W. Hollar f. a small oval;
under ivhich is an account of his sufferings.
JOHN BASTWICK, with an account of his sufferings.
J. Berry sc.
JOHN BASTWICK, c. four English verses; frontis
piece to his "New Discovery of Prelates Tyranny;"
1641; small.
120 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
4f
Dr. Bastwick seems to have been too intent upon the reformation
of government and religion, to attend much to the business of his
profession. He was a graduate of the university of Padua, and
author of "Flagellum Pontificis et Episcoporum Latialium," and
several other pieces, written in a furious strain of Polemics. His
history is much the same with that of Burton and Prynne, his
fellow- sufferers. See BURTON, Class IV.
ABDIAH COLE, a physician of note, flourished
in this reign. There is a portrait of him in a doctor of
physic s gown, by T. Cross ; in the frontispiece to the
translation of Riverius s Works, folio.
^
I have met with nothing written by Dr. Cole ; but am very cre
dibly informed that he and Culpeper translated several books in
conjunction.*
SCOTCH PHYSICIANS.
DR. (ALEXANDER) READE ; a small head by
Gaywood ; in the title to the " Secrets of Art and Na
ture," fol. 1660. " ; f,
Alexander Read, or Rhead, a native of Scotland, was a man of
great abilities, and no less success in his profession.f In 1620, he
was, by royal mandate, created doctor of physic at Oxford, and
afterward elected a fellow of the College of Physicians. He wrote
a considerable number of anatomical, and chirurgical books,
which were in great esteem. There is a catalogue of them in the
" Athene Oxonienses."
GEORGIUS SCHARPUS, Philosophus et Me-
dicus, Natione Scotus, Regis Christianissimi Consi-
liarius, et in Academia Monspelii Professor et Vice-
* He was author of the " Expert Physician," 1657 ; 12mo. BINDZ.EY.
t See " Athen. Oxon." i. col. 461, 462.
OF ENGLAND. 121
Cancellarius, nee non in Bononiensi Archigymnasio
Medicinae Doctor, JEt. Ivii. J. Bapt. Coriolanus f.
4to.
In the Bodleian Catalogue, under his name is the following-
book : " Institutiones Medico-," a Clandto F. editce Bon. 1638, 4to.
EMPIRICS.
JVICOLAUS CULPEPER, eques; Svo. Cross sc.
He had no more right to the title of knight, than he had to that
of doctor.
NICHOLAS CULPEPER, in a doublet or waistcoat ; a
print and a book before him.
Nicholas Culpeper, was son of Nicholas Culpeper, a clergyman,
and grandson of Sir Thomas Culpeper, bart. He was some time a
student in the university of Cambridge, which he left without
taking a degree. He was soon after bound apprentice to an apo
thecary, and employed all his leisure hours in the study of physic
and astrology, which he afterward professed.* He was a writer
and translator of many books ; and was much resorted to for his
advice, which he gave to the poor gratis. He died in 1654, at his
house in Spitalfields. The most noted of his works is his Her
bal, in 8vo. entitled, " The English Physician," &c. which has been
often printed. In this book, he tells us under what planets the
simples grow, and speaks of their good and bad qualities astrolo-
gically, as if he had calculated their nativities. This part of the
work appears to be his own; the rest is chiefly taken from Gerard.
See the Interregnum, Class IX.
* Astrological doctors have of late been looked upon as little better than homi
cides. But Hippocrates, Galen, Avicen, and other celebrated physicians, in
former ages, regarded those as homicides, who were ignorant of astrology. Para
celsus goes farther, and will have a physician to be predestinated to the cure of his
patient: and says that his horoscope should be inspected, the plants gathered in a
critical moment, &c. See Burton " Of Melancholy," p. 227, 6th edit.
VOL. III. R
122 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
I>R. MORTON. Rogcrson del. Cross sc. whiskers,
peaked beard, 8$c. a urinal standing by him.
Morton was a noted practitioner in physic, and had a great deal
of what is called u Chamber- pot practice."
.A SURGEON.
JOHN WOODALL, master in ehirurgerie. G.
Glover f. In the engraved title to his " Military and
Domesttque Surgery" 1639, folio. The book has been
reprinted.
This person, who was of great eminence in his profession, was
also author of a " Treatise of the Cure of the Plague," which is
subjoined to the book above mentioned; and of the "Surgeon s
Mate," 1617.
.POETS.. ;.v i ,:,: ! /VV r t i : ^^
JOANNES MILTONUS, M. 21. W. Marshall
sc. Front isp. to his " Juvenile Poems" Svo. 1645.
This was the first head of him ever published : Sahnasius, in his
" Defensio Regia," calls it comptulam Icoucw, and says it gave him
a more advantageous idea of his person than he ever had before :
but it appears from the Greek verses underneath, that Milton
himself was not pleased with it.
JOANNES MILTONUS, jEt. 21. Vandergucht sc.
*
JOANNES MILTON, 2Et. 21. Vertue sc. E.v pictura
archetypa, quce penes est prcehonorabUem Arthur am On-
slow, arm. Vertue sc. 1731;
* Alter matulas inspicit, et ubi raorbum non invcnit, lacit. Garth, "Oratio
Harveiana."
OF ENGLAND. 123
JOANXES MILTON ; differing from the next above
only in the inscription, viz. " Nascuntur poettf" <$c.
JOANNES MILTON. JEt. 21. Vertue sc. Svo.
JOHN MILTON. Houbraken sc. 1741. In the col
lection of Arthur Onslow, esq.
JOHN MILTON ; drawn and etched by J. B. Cipriani,
a Tuscan, from a picture in the collection of Arthur On-
slow, esq. This is one of the Jive heads of him, etclied by
Cipriani, at lite expense of Thomas Holtis, esq. F. R. S.
et A. S.
The juvenile productions of Milton, particularly his "Ode on the
Nativity of Christ," his " L Allegro," and " II Penseroso," and his
" Comus," would alone have perpetuated his fame. In the
" Ode," we see the first bold flights of a rising genius. The
" L Allegro" and " II Penseroso" are highly beautiful in themselves,
and more so in their contrast :* the personification to them is
striking :
" Sport that wrinkled care derides,
And laughter holding both his sides," &c.
His " Masque of Comus" was the best that the world had ever
seen;t and, as altered for the stage by Mr. Dalton,]: is one of its
highest entertainments at present. See the Interregnum, Class
VIII. and IX. and the next reign.
ABRAHAMUS COWLEY, regius alumnus scho-
* " These are set to music by Mr. Handel :
" From notes so sweet new grace the notes receive,
And music borrows help she us d to give." TICKEL.
t The generality of compositions of this kind are trifling and perplexed allego
ries : the personages of which are fantastic to the last degree. Ben Jonson, in his
" Masque of Christmas," 161o, has introduced " Minced Pye, and Babie Cake,"
who act their parts in the drama. But the most wretched performances of this kind
could please by the help of music, machinery, and dancing.
Since doctor of divinity, and prebendary of Worcester.
124 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
lae Westmonasteriensis, JEt. 13, (15*); 1633. Fron
tispiece to his " Pott lea I Blossoms;" i 2mo.
ABRAHAM us COWLEY, regius Alumnus, &c. In the
title to his " Juvenile Poems ;" fol. In the former > there
are two angels holding a chaplet of laurel over his head;
in this, only one. There is a fine picture of him at
Strawberry-hill, by Sir P. Lely. Zinch. Painted on
enamel, from which it is engraved by Hail, and prefixed
to Bishop Harass edition of Cowley.
ABRAHAM COWLEY, ^Et. SUCK. 20; from an ori
ginal drawing in the possession of Richard Clark, esq.
chamberlain of London; engraved by James Basire ;
folio; in Bray and Manning s " History of Surrey."
The " Poetical Blossoms" of Cowley, which are an abundant
proof of his talent for poetry, were generally regarded as an
earnest of that fame to which he afterward rose, and which, in the
opinion of some of his contemporaries, eclipsed that of every other
English poet. We are even more pleased with some of the earliest
of his juvenile poems, than with many of his later performances;
as there is not every where in them that redundancy of wit ; and
where there is, we are more inclined to admire, than be offended at
it in the productions of a boy. His passion for studious retirement,
which was still increasing with his years, discovered itself at
thirteen, in an ode which a good judgef thinks equal to that of
Pope on a similar subject, and which was written about the same
era of his life. The tenderness of some of his juvenile verses shew r s,
that he was no stranger to another passion; and it is not improbable
but Margarita, or one of her successors, might at fifteen, have had
a full possession of his heart. I See the next reign.
* Dr. Sprat is mistaken in saying, that the " Poetical Blossoms" came out in
the thirteenth year of his age. Seethe " Biographia," article COWLEY, Note (B.)
t Mr. Jos. Warton, in his " Essay on the Genius and Writings of Pope." The
ode here meant, is in Cowley s " Essay on himself."
$ " Margarita first possess t,
If I remember well, my breast."
Ballad of his Mistresses.
OF ENGLAND. 125
BENJAMIN JONSON was poet-laureat to Charles I. who aug
mented his salary from a hundred marks, to a hundred pounds ;
and added a tierce of Canary wine. The same salary with the
appendage to it, has been continued ever since. See the preced
ing reign.
EDMUND WALLER, esq. JEt. 23 ; own hair ;
arms.
EDMUND WALLER, esq. B. Reading sc. Svo.
EDMUNDUS WALLERUS, JEt. 23. P. Vandrebanc sc.
Svo.
There is a portrait of him at Hall Barn, the seat of the family of
Waller, near Beconsfield, by Cornelius Jansen. It is inscribed,
" In the 23d year of his age, and the first of his life."
Edmund Waller, sometimes styled " the English Tibullus," ex
celled all his predecessors, in harmonious versification.* His love
verses have all the tenderness and politeness of the Roman poet;
and his panegyric on Cromwell has been ever esteemed a master
piece in its kind. His vein is never redundant, like that of Cowley;
we frequently wish he had said more, but never that he had said
less. His personal qualities were as amiable as his poetical, and
he was equally formed to please the witty and the fair. He not
only retained all his faculties, but retained much of his youthful
vivacity at eighty years of age. 06. 21 October, 1687. See the
next reign. See also " Lord Clarendon s Life;" Svo. p. 47.
GEORGE SANDYS. Vertue sc. a small head in a
round. It is in the " Oxford Almanack for 1746,"
under the head of Erasmus.
GEORGE SANDYS, &c. W. Richardson.
* The verses of Donne, and other poets who flourished before Waller, frequently
run into one another, and proceed, without any considerable pause, to the end of
a long period ; which has been, not unaptly, compared to the running down of a
larum.
126 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
GEORGE SANDYS; engraved by George Powle, after
the portrait of him by Cornelius Jansen, at Lord San-
dys s, at Ombersley 9 for Dr. Naslis " History of Wor
cestershire"
George Sandys, youngest son of Edwyn Sandys, archbishop of
York, was one of the most accomplished persons of his time. He
merited much for his travels into the eastern countries, of which
he has published an accurate account : but still more for his para
phrases and translations, which were excelled by none of the poets
of this reign. His principal works are his translation of " Job,"
his paraphrase on the " Psalms/ and his translation of Ovid s
" Metamorphosis." His Psalms were set to music by William and
Henry Lawes, musicians to Charles I. and his " Ovid" was one of
the first books that gave Mr. Pope a taste for poetry.* Mr.
Dryden pronounced him the best versifier of the last age. He was
also an excellent geographer and critic. f Ob. 1643.
JOHANNES CLEAVELAND. R. White sc. I2mo.
Before his Works, 1653.
JOHN CLEAVELAND; a bust crowned with laurel;
" Sepultus Colleg. Whittintonii, 1 Mali, 1658."
JOHANNES CLEAVELAND, in a clerical habit. Be
fore his Works, 1677.
This is very probably fictitious ; he was never in holy orders.
JOHN CLEAVELAND, JEt. 32; a medallion. Fuller ;
J. Basire.
John Cleaveland, received his education at Christ s and St.
John s Colleges, in the university of Cambridge, in the last of
which he enjoyed a fellowship ; but was, in the civil war, ejected
from it for his loyalty. He, soon after his ejection, went to Oxford,
* Wanton s "Essay on the Genius and Writings of Pope."
t See Mr. Pope s note on Iliad xxii. T. 197.
OF ENGLAND. 127
where he was much caressed for his wit, which he exerted in
several satirical pieces against the fanatics. Mr. Aubrey informs
us, that he went from Oxford to the garrison at Newark ; where,
upon drawing up certain articles for the royalists, he would needs
add this short conclusion, " And we annex our lives as a label to
our trust." That gentleman adds, that after the king was beaten
out of the field ; he came to London, and entered himself at Gray s
Inn, where he and Samuel Butler, of the same society, had a club
every night.* He was justly esteemed a man of wit ; but his
writings abound with strained and far-fetched metaphors, which is
a fault objected to Butler himself, f That great poet has conde
scended to imitate, or copy Cleaveland, in more instances than
occurred to Dr. Grey in his notes upon " Hudibras." There are
some notices of our author in Thurloe s "Papers," IV. 184. It is
there remarked, that he was " a person of great abilities, and so
able to do the greater disservice." Mr. Echard hath observed, that
" he was the first poetic champion for the king."| Ob. 29 April,
1658.
SIR JOHN SUCKLING. A. VanDyckp. Vertuesc.
1741 ; h. sh.
SIR JOHN SUCKLTN, (SUCKLING). W. Marshall f.
Before his Works, 1648 ; 8vo.
* MS. in Museo Ashmof.
t There is in the " Spectator," No. 617, a specimen of this kind of writing in
prose and verse. The original verses, as the author tells us, were written by " an
Italian poet, who was the Cleaveland of his age." They are translated from the
Latin, in Strada s " Prolusions," and are an imitation of the style of Camillo Querno,
surnamed the Archpoet. This Querno, whose character and writings were equally
singular, was poet and buffoon to Leo X. and the common butt of that facetious
pontiff, and his courtiers. One of them made this extemporary verse upon him :
Archipoeta facit versus pro .mille poetis :
To which the pope with his usual quickness added,
Et pro mille aliis Archipoeta b tbit.
VideStradae " Prolus." edit. Oxon. 1745, p. 244, and Bayle s "Diet." artic. LnoX.
t P. 735.
Querno is said to have composed this line himself. LORD HAII.ES.
128 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
S i R Jo H N SUCKLING; in an oval of bays ; eight Eng
lish verses.
SIR JOHN SUCKLING ; a bust; six English verses.
. Vanclergu ch tsc.S vo . Front isp .
to the last edition of his Works.
There is a portrait of him in the Ashmolean Museum, at Oxford.
Sir John Suckling, a poet of great vivacity, and some elegance,
was one of the finest gentlemen of his time. His prose writings,
particularly his " Discourse of Religion," addressed to Lord Dor
set, are thought equal to the best of his poetical performances.
His ballad on a wedding,* and his " Session of the Poets," are
oftener remembered than any of his works. This ballad was occa
sioned by the marriage of Roger Boyle, the first Earl of Orrery,
with Lady Margaret Howard, daughter of the Earl of Suffolk.
There was a great intimacy betwixt Sir John and the Earl of
Orrery, then Lord Broghill.f In his " Session of the Poets," he
has given us some traits of the characters of his poetical brethren,
and has not forgot Sir William Davenant s nose ; which has been
the subject of more satirical jokes than any other nose that ever
existed.: Ob, 1641, 2Et. 28. See Class VII.
THOMAS RANDOLPH; a small bust, in the title
to his Works, 1640; I2mo. W. M. (ar shall.) > ;;! , v
THOMAS RANDOLPH. J. Berry so.
Thomas Randolph, a celebrated poet, and one of the gayest of
Ben Jensen s sons, was educated at Trinity College, in Cambridge.
The most generally admired of his works, which consists of poems
and plays, is his " Muses Looking-glass," reprinted in 1757, under
* " I tell thee, Dick, where I have been," &c.
t See Morrice s " Memoirs of Roger, earl of Orrery," p. 49.
t He almost entirely lost this part of his face by the gaieties of his youth.
Aubrey, in a manuscript in the Museum at Oxford, has this short anecdote
concerning Sir John Suckling: " I have heard Mrs. Bond say, that Sir John s
father was but a dull fellow ; her husband, Mr. Thomas Bond, knew him; the wit
came by the mother.
OF ENGLAND. 129
the title of " The Mirrour," in which there is a great variety of
characters of the passions and vices, drawn with much truth, and
interspersed with some strokes of natural humour. The author
of " Remarks on the Plays of Shakspeare," subjoined to the
ninth volume of his works; 12mo. Lond. 1714, says, " I would
advise a comic writer to study Randolph s Muses Looking-
glass thoroughly, for there, I am apt to believe, he will find the
source of all humours that are in nature." There are, perhaps, but
very few that will subscribe to this author s opinion. Ob. March,
1634, J&. 29.
PHILIPPUS MASSINGER, gen. T. Cross sc.
Svo. Before his" Three New Play es, viz. The Bashful
Lover, The Guardian, The Very Woman" 8$c. small Svo.
London, 16.55.
PHILIPPUS MASSINGER, &c. W. Richardson.
Another engraved by Grignion: before the new edition
of his works.
Philip Massinger was a poet of great eminence in this reign.
He published fourteen plays of his own writing, and had a share
with Fletcher, Middleton, Rowley, and Decker, in several others.
He seems by the following verses, which are part of an enco
mium on him by a contemporary poet, to have been a very expe
ditious writer.
" His easy Pegasus will ramble o er
Some three score miles of fancy in an hour."
06. Mar. 1639-40. A correct edition of his works, in four volumes
Svo. was published in 1 76 1 , to which is prefixed " Critical Reflections
on the old English dramatic Writers," an anonymous piece, ad
dressed to David Garrick, esq. by Mr. Colman, who has given a
just encomium of the author.
JACOBUS SHIRLEUS. Marshall sc. 1646. Be
fore his " Poems f Svo.
VOL. III. S
130 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JACOBUS SHIRLEUS. G. Phenik (or PhenLr) p.
G ay wood f. a bust. Before his sLv plays ; viz. " The
Brothers," $c. 1652, and 1653 ; Svo.
JACOBUS SHIRLEUS. G. Phenik pinx. W. Ri
chardson.
This nearly resembles bis portrait in the Bodleian gallery, at
Oxford ; the former does not.
James Shirley, an eminent dramatic poet, was patronised by
Henrietta Maria, and the Earl of Newcastle, whom he followed to
the camp. He was educated at St. John s College, in Oxford,
where he was taken great notice of by Dr. Laud, then president of
that house. He entered into holy orders ; though he was much
discouraged from it, by his friend the president, on account of a
large mole on his left cheek ;* arid was some time a parish priest
in Hertfordshire. He afterward turned Roman Catholic, and kept
a school at St. Alban s, but soon grew tired of that employment,
and going to London commenced poet. He wrote no less than
thirty dramatic pieces, some of which were acted with great ap
plause. In the Interregnum, he was necessitated to return to his
former profession of schoolmaster; in which he became eminent,
and wrote several grammatical books for the use of his scholars.
06.29 Oct. 1666,^. 72.
WILLIAM BOSWORTH, <etatis 30, 1637. G.
Glover sc. Svo.
WILLIAM BOSWORTH, cetatis 30, 1637, copied from
the above Svo.
William Bosworth, gent, was descended from the ancient and
illustrious familiesf of Bokesworth, Boxworth, or Bosworth, of
* The canon against personal blemishes in the clergy is well known,
t In his Poems addressed to Aurora, he says,
" O scorne rne not, I come of noble line :
For by the Norman duke our brovves were crowned
With Inwrell branches, and our names renowned."
OF ENGLAND. 131
Boxworth, by Harrington, in Cambridgeshire. He was born in
1607, and died sometime between the years 1651 and 1653. This
person was author of a book entitled, "The Chast and Lost Lovers,
lively shadowed in the persons of Arcadius and Sepha ; and illus
trated with the severall stories of Hemon and Antigone, Eramio
and Amissa, Phaon and Sappho, Deliathason and Verista: being-
a description of several Lovers smiling with delight, and with hopes
fresh as their youth, and fair as their beauties in the beginning of
their affections, and covered with bloud and horror in the conclu
sion : to this is added, the Contestation betwixt Bacchus and
Diana, and certain sonnets of the Author to Aurora; digested into
Three Poems, by William Bosworth, gent."
Me quoque
Impune volare, et sereno
Calliope dedit ire coelo.
London, printed for William Sheares, and are to be sold at the
signe of the Bible, in St. Paul s Churchyard, 1653.
THOMAS CAREW. Rodd exc. Svo.
Thomas Carew was born in Gloucestershire, and educated at
Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He was appointed gentleman of
the privy-chamber, and sewer to King Charles I. and died in 1639.
His masque, entitled " Ccelum Britannicum," was performed before
the king at Whitehall, in 1633. His poems were printed in 1640,
12mo. and again in 1772, by Davies.
RICHARD BROME. T. Cross sc. Before his
Works. Six English verses. A. B. Svo.
RICHARD BROME; six English verses. W. Ri
chardson.
Richard Brome is said to have been put apprentice to Ben
Jonson, to learn the art of poetry.* He is not, however, to be
esteemed a mechanical play-wright; as his best performances far
* See the Lives of the Dramatic Poets at the end of " Scanderbcg," a tragedy.
132 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
exceed the worst of his master. Jonson wrote this encomium on
him :
" And you, Dick, do my arts with good applause,
Which you Iiave justly gained from the stage,
By observation of those comic laws,
Which I, your master, first did teach the age."
THOMAS MIDDLETON ; crowned with laurel,
Svo. In " Marshall s Manner" scarce; prefixed to two
of his plays, small Svo. 1657.
THOMAS MIDDLETON, gent. W. Richardson.
Middleton, who was a voluminous dramatic author, and, in his
day, esteemed a good poet, had the honour of writing in con
junction with Jonson, Fletcher, and Massinger. The pieces which
were entirely his own, and those in which he had a share, are, at
least, six-and-twenty. He was concerned with Jonson and Fletcher
in writing " The Widow," a comedy ; and with Massinger, in writ
ing another comedy, called " Old Law."
RICHARD LOVELACE ; a bust on an urn, on
which is inscribed, " Lucasta, Posthume Poems of
R. L. armig." In memoriam fratris desideratissimi
delin. Fran. Lovelace. Hollar sc. 1660, small Svo.
RICHARD LOVELACE, as Orpheus. R. Gaywood.
RICHARD LOVELACE; a bust on an urn. W. Ri
chardson.
The poems, for which the heads were engraved, were first pub
lished in 1659 : Lucasta, or Lux Casta, is the poetical name of
his mistress. As the poems are scarce, the heads are rarely to be
met with.
Richard, son of Sir William Lovelace, of Woolwich, in Kent,
was, when a member of the university of Oxford, the delight and
admiration of all that knew him, for the extreme beauty of his per-
OF ENGLAND. 133
son, and the variety of his accomplishments. After having served
Charles I. in both his expeditions against the Scots, he entered
into the service of the King of France, and had the command of a
regiment at Dunkirk, where he was dangerously wounded. This
disaster occasioned a report of his death, and was attended with
the loss of the beautiful Lucy Sacheverel, his beloved mistress,
who, concluding he was dead, married another person. These
were not all his misfortunes. Upon his return to England, he was
thrown into prison, and afterward reduced to extreme poverty and
wretchedness. A considerable number of his poems were com
posed during his confinement. Several of his performances were
much admired, and part of his " Amarantha," a pastoral, was set to
music by the famous Henry Lawes. His comedy of the " Scholar,"
written at sixteen years of age, was acted with applause. Ob. 1658.
GABRIEL HARVEY; wood-cut, inNash s "Have
with you to Saffron Walden" $c. scarce.
GABRIEL HARVEY; small oval. Thane.
Gabriel Harvey, born about 1545, of a good family, and nearly
related to Sir Thomas Smith, was educated at Christ s College,
Cambridge, where he took both his degrees of arts. He was after
ward proctor of the university. Having applied himself to the
study of the civil law, in 1585, he took his degree in that faculty,
and practised as an advocate in the prerogative court of Canterbury,
at London. Towards the latter part of his life, he began to study
astrology, and finally turned almanack-maker ; in which capacity
he was severely ridiculed by Thomas Nash and Robert Green, who,
as Wood says, did inhumanly trample upon him, when he lay full
low in his grave. Wood says, he was esteemed an ingenious man
and an excellent scholar, and one of the best poets for Iambics
in his age. Spenser, the poet, was his intimate friend ; from
whom we learn that he was highly esteemed by the all-accom
plished Sir Philip Sidney and Mr. Dye. Mr. Upton is of opinion,
that his poem prefixed to the " Fairy Queen," and signed Hobbinol,
would, if he had written nothing else, have rendered him immortal.
Ob. 1630, JEt. 85. See Sir Egerton Brydges s " Restitutor," for
several curious works relating to Dr. Harvey.
134 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR ROBERT STAPYLTON,knt.fronlixp.tohis
translation of the " Sixteen Satires of Juvenal" 1647;
Svo.
ROBERTUS STAPYLTONIUS. Lombart sc. Frontisp.
to his translation of " Juvenal" in folio, with cuts by
Hollar, 1660. = --. ..-.; .>:*v\* - ^ \^--.
The head is placed here, because, as Mr. Wood justly observes,
it represents him too young for the time in which it was pub
lished.*
Sir Robert Stapylton, son of Richard Stapylton of Carleton, in
Moreland, Yorkshire, esq. was educated in the Roman Catholic
religion, and was some time a member of the college of English
Benedictines at Douay, in Flanders. But the solitude of a cloister
ill suiting the gaiety of his disposition, he quitted it, arid coming
into England, turned Protestant, and was made a gentleman of
the privy-chamber to Prince Charles. He published, in this reign,
a translation of Pliny s " Panegyric," of " Musaeus," and of the
" Sixteen Satires of Juvenal." In the time of the Interregnum, he
translated " Strada de Bello Belgico ;" and after the restoration,
published several plays. His translation of " Juvenal" is thought
to have the advantage of that of Barten Holyday ; but they both
follow their author too close, and, as Mr. Dryden observes, some
times tread upon his heels.-f Ob. 11 July, 1669. See the Inter
regnum.
FRANCIS QUARLES, M. 52. W. M. (William
Marshall) sc. Svo. four Latin and four English verses.
FRANCIS QuARi.Es;fronti$p. to his "Boanerges
and Barnabas ; Ylmo. (Marshall.)
FRANCIS QUARLES ; frontispiece to his ft Enchiri
dion f I2mo.
* See " Fasti Oxon." ii.col. 23.
t Preface to " Dryden s Juvenal," edit. 1713, p. 138. It should be observed,
that Barlen Ilol vduy s notes upon " Juvenal" make ample amends for his version.
OF ENGLAND. 135
FRANCISCT QUARLES, JEtatls su& 52. Cross sc.
Four English verses, " What heere wee see is but a
graven face" 8$c. Al. Ross.
FRANCIS QUARLES; to his "Enchiridion" 1652;
IZmo.
Francis Quarles, who was some time cup-bearer to the Queen of
Bohemia, secretary to Archbishop Usher, and chronologer to the
city of London, had, at this time, a very considerable reputation as
a poet ; but he merited much more as an honest and pious man.
His " Emblems," which have been serviceable to allure children to
read, have been often printed, and are not yet forgotten. We
sometimes stumble upon a pretty thought among many trivial
ones in this book ; and now and then meet with poetry in mecha
nism in the prints.* He has borrowed a considerable part of this
work from the " Emblems of Hermanrms Hugo." His " Feast for
Worms," and many other poems, have been long neglected, and are
now literally worm-eaten. In the time of the civil war, a petition
full of unjust accusations was preferred against this worthy man,
by eight persons, of whom he knew not any two, but by sight. The
news of this had such an effect upon him, that he declared " it
would be his death ;" which happened soon after, according to his
prediction.! He is said to have had a pension, in consideration of
* Mr. Pope, in one of bis letters to Bishop Atterbury, in which he incidentally
mentions the vanity of the world, speaks thus of our poet : " Tinnit, inane est, with
the picture of one ringing on the globe with his finger, is the best thing that I have
the luck to remember, in that great poet Quarles (not that I forget the Devil at
Bowls ; which I know to be your lordship s favourite cut, as well as favourite diver
sion). But the greatest part are of a very different character from these : one of
them, on O wretched man that I am, who shall deliver me from the body of this R m. vii.
death represents a man sitting in a melancholy posture, in a large skeleton. An- 24.
other on O that my head were waters and mine eyes a fountain of tears, &c. Jereni.
exhibits a human figure, with several spouts gushing from it, like the spouts of a ix. 1.
fountain." This reminds me of an emblem, which I have seen in a German author,
on Matt. vii. 3, in which are two men, one of whom has a beam almost as big as
himself, with a peaked end sticking in his left eye; and the other has only a small
mote sticking in his right. Hence it appears, that metaphor and allegory, however
beautiful in themselves, will not always admit of a sensible representation.
t See his Life, by Ursula Quarles, his widow, before his "Poetical Paraphrase
on Ecclesiastes,"$ which is the best of his works.
The portrait by Marshall is before this book. The print is scarce.
136 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
his writings, from Charles T. Ob. 8 Sept. 1644, Mt. 52. He was
father of eighteen children by one wife.
JOHN OGILBY, a dancing-master, first applied himself to
learning in this reign, and made a wonderful progress. The
occasion of it was the spraining of his leg in cutting a caper,
which was much the practice in dancing, in the time of Charles I.
To this accident we owe many royal folios. See the succeeding
reign.
ROBERT HERRICK, esq. a bust; two angels
bringing chaplets of laurel, Pegasus on Parnassus, He
licon, (*c. frontispiece to his Works, a thick octavo, en
titled, " Hesperides" Sfc. Lond. 1648. Marshall sc
Eight Latin verses, " Tempora" 8c.
ROBERT HERRICK; a bust, &:c. W. Richardson.
* C*
Robert Herrick was author of a great number of poems, many of
which are of the lyric and epigrammatic kinds. His " Christmas
Carol," and his " New Year s Gift," were set to music by Henry
Lawes, and performed before the king. Several are addressed to
Endymion Porter, a great friend and patron of poets, and one to
" Mrs. Katherine Bradshawe, the lovely, that crowned him with
laurel." But Philips gives us to understand, that he was inspired
by his maid Prue only.* It appears from the effects of her inspi
ration, that Prue was but indifferently qualified for a tenth muse.
He was, perhaps, the first of the numerous translators of the
" Dialogue betwixt Horace and Lydia/ which may be seen among
his works. See more of him in the " Athenae Oxonienses," where
his " Divine Poems" are particularly commended.
SIR FRANCIS WORTLEY, of Wortley, in the
county of York, knt. and baronet; deceased prisoner
in the Tower of London, 1C52. A. Hertochs f. tro~
phies, books, 8$c. h. sh.
* See " Theatrum Poetarum," by Edward Philips.
OF ENGLAND. 137
SIR FRANCIS WORTLEY, &c. in an oval, trophies,
books, fyc. 4(o. W. Richardson.
SIR FRANCIS WORT LEY, &c. C. Hall sc.
Sir Francis Wortley, son of Sir Richard Wortley, of Wortley, in
Yorkshire, exercised his pen and his sword in the cause of Charles I.
He, at his own expense, raised a troop of horse for the service of
that unfortunate prince; and being afterward promoted to the rank
of a colonel, he converted his house into a garrison. He lost a
great part of his estate by plunder and sequestration, and was
several years a prisoner in the Tower. He was numbered among
the poets of this reign. His principal work is his " Characters and
Elegies," Lond. 1646, 4to. The elegies are, for the most part, on
the royalists who lost their lives in the civil war. Anne, his
daughter and heir, married the honourable Sir Sidney Montagu,
second son of the first Earl of Sandwich, who took the name of
Wortley. The present Countess of Bute is descended from him.
See a further account of this author in u Athen. Oxon."
GEORGIUS WITHER, &c. I2mo.
GEORGIUS WITHERUS; in a large hat ; four English-
verses. W. Richardson.
GEORGE WITHER. J. Berry sc. Svo.
GEORGIUS WITHERUS, poeta. J. P. (John Payne)
sc. four English verses. This is by much the best head
of Wither: it is in his book of " Emblems," folio, after
the preface. There is a curious account of him, in
the " Reliques of ancient English Poetry/ vol. iii.
p. 190, 263, 2d edit. The ingenious song, beginning
with
" Shall I wasting in despair,
Dye, because a woman s faire," &c.
was, as Dr. Percy informs us, written by him. See
the reign of JAMES I.
VOL. III. T
138 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ROBERT BARON, JEt. 17; without his name.
" Vultus Apellinea pictus Barone tabella est ;
Totus Apollinea pingitur arte liber.
John Hobart, Gent."
W. Marshall sc. This print, which was originally
prefixed to his " Cyprian Academy" 1648, Svo. ivas
also, as I have been informed, placed before his Poems,
1650, Svo, 9h Joj[ , / f Z-. mo > ad <fcuo!d$$j
ROBERT BARON; " Vultus Apellinea" $c. W.Ri
chardson.
Robert Baron, who received part of his education at Cambridge,
and was a member of Gray s Inn, when he published his " Cyprian
Academy," was regarded as a genius of great expectation. He de
dicated this work to his uncle, James Howell, esq.* and to all the
ladies and gentlewomen of England, among whom he had many
admirers. The first fruits of his studies see-n to have gained him a
much greater reputation than his latter productions.! Certain it is,
* Howell, soon after the receipt of his book, wrote him a letter, of which this is
a part :
" To Mr. R. Baron, at Paris.
" Gentle Sir,
" I received and presently ran over your Cyprian Academy, with much
greediness and no vulgar delight; and, Sir, I hold myself much honoured for the
dedication you have been pleased to make thereof to me, for it deserved a much
higher patronage. Truly, I must tell you, without any compliment, that I have
seldom met with such an ingenious mixture of prose and verse, interwoven with
such varieties of fancy and charming strains of amorous passion, which have made
all the ladies in the land in love with you." HowelFs " Letters," book iii. No. 17.
t His "Pocula Castaliai," poems written by him on several occasions, and pub
lished in 1650, when he was only nineteen years of age, at p. 66, is a ballad upon
a wedding, much in the style and manner of the celebrated ballad on a similar sub
ject, by Sir John Suckling.
He was the author of " An Apologie for Paris, for rejecting of Juno and Pallas, and
presenting of Ate s Golden Ball to Venus, with a discussion of the reasons that might
induce him to favour either of the three, occasioned by a private discourse, wherein
the Trojan s judgment was carped at by some, and defended by R. B. gent, anno
setatis 18." London 1649, duodecimo.
A high flown dedication to my noble lady, E. R. is subscribed, at length, Robert
Baron from Graye s Line. BINDLEY.
OF ENGLAND. 130
that, in his dramatic pieces, both in tragedy and comedy, he never
rose above mediocrity : of these, " Mirza" is esteemed his best.
GEORGE WHARTON was an adventurer in poetry; but
appears to have had no great talent that way : he is, however,
mentioned among the poets of this reign, and is styled "a waggish
poet" by Mr. Anthony Wood. See the Interregnum.
NATHANIEL RICHARDS, gent. T. R. sc. chap-
let of laurel ; in two states, the head of one is larger,
and the laurel more distinct.
NATHANIEL RICHARDS, &c. W. Richardson.
Nathaniel Richards was author of one tragedy, called " Mes-
salina," acted with general applause, by the company of his ma
jesty s revels, and printed in 8vo. 1640. He was also author of
" Poems, sacred and satirical," 12mo.
CAPTAIN THOMAS WEAVER, a man in a cloak,
with gloves in his hand, within an oval of laurel and
palms; W. M. (Marshall) sc. Under the oval are six
English verses, the two last of which signify, that as the
print is the image of his person, so his mind is the image
of heaven. It is inscribed T. W. gent, copied by W. Ri
chardson. He was author of a poem, called " Planmge-
mfs Tragical Story," 1649, Svo.
T
There is a print of HUMPHRY MILL, under
whose name, in the Bodleian Catalogue, occurs, a
poem, called " A Night s Search, concerning Night-
Walkers and their Associates," Lond. 1640, Svo. This
has been several times printed. His Poems, Lond.
Svo. 1639, are mentioned in the Sion Catalogue. His
140 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
head has been prefixed to, at least, one of the edi
tions of the " Night Search."
H. MILL, &c. W. Richardson.
SCOTCH POETS. s
ARTURUS JOHNSTONUS. M. Rysbrackius
Marm. sc. G. Vertue ceri incidit : front isp. to his
6 P salmi Davidici ;" 4to. 1741.
ARTHUR JOHNSTON. Vandergucht sc. 4to. This is
o
after the, bust by Rysbrack, but better executed than the
former. There is another, by Vandergucht, in 8vo.
The bust, from which Vertue and Vandergucht did the heads,
belonged to William Benson, esq. auditor of the imprests.
ARTHUR JOHNSTON, in the title to his " Paraphrase
on the Psalms" G. Jamesone pinx. R. Cooper sc.
ARTHUR JOHNSON, inscribed John Johnston, M. D.
from the original in the Kings College, Aberdeen, in
" Iconagraphia Scotica."
ARTHUR JOHNSTON; a small head, in the frontispiece
to his Poems, printed at Middleburg.
There is a fine head of him, by Jameson, in the college at
Aberdeen.
Arthur Johnston was physician to Charles I. and one of the most
celebrated Latin poets among the moderns. His capital work is
his translation of the " Psalms," of which an elegant edition was
published by William Benson, esq. in 4to. 1741, with an interpre
tation and notes for the use of his late majesty when prince ;
another edition was printed about the same time, in 8vo. Mr.
OF ENGLAND. 141
Benson also published a Dissertation on Johnston s Version of the
" Psalms," in which he, without scruple, gives it the preference to
Buchanan s.* As the former has used elegiac measure in all the
Psalms, except the 119th which is lyric, some of the most sublime,
especially the 104th, appear at a disadvantage in comparison with
Buchanan s, as the pentameter verse is anti-climacterical.t Mr.
Pope seems not to have read " Johnston s Psalms ;" as he certainly
mentions him with much less respect than he deserves. Speaking
of Benson he says :
" On two unequal crutches propt he came,
Milton s on this, on that, one Johnston s name."
Johnston was an early proficient in poetry, and was laureated at
Paris, when he was about twenty years of age. There is a com
plete edition of his works, including his Version, of the " Psalms,"
and the " Book of Job," his " Parerga, Epigrams," &c.
GUL1ELMUS DRUMMOND ; de Hawthornden ;
C. Johnson p. Finlayson f. mezz. h. sh.
GULTELMUS DRUMMOND, &c. G ay wood f. 1654;
4to.
GULIELMUS DRUMMOND, &c. G ay wood f. I2mo.
WILLIAM DRUMMOND; folio.
*, Mr. Benson, in his dissertation, expresses a particular fondness for alliteration
in poetry. He is said to have been much pleased with these verses on Cardinal
Wolsey, when repeated to him by Mr. Pitt, the translator of the " ^Eneid :"
" Begot by butchers, but by bishops bred,
How high his honour holds his haughty head?"
t In the 23d Prelection, " De Sacra Poesi Hebrseorum," the author}: has intro
duced Johnston s version of the 42d Psalm, in this manner: " Recitabo eurn vobis
ex metaphrasi Arthur! Johnstoni, satis elegantis et fidi interpretis, nisi et rerum et
verborum pondera metri genere a sublimitate alienissimo saepe fregisset : in materia
autem elegiaca, ut par est, res ej feliciter plerumque videtur procedere."
The learned Dr. Lowth, late bishop of London.
142 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
William Drummond was a man of a fine natural genius, which
lie assiduously improved with all the advantages of arts, languages,
and travel. He was universally esteemed one of the best poets of
his age, and stands in the first rank of modern historians. He, for
his excellence in telling a story, and interesting his reader in what
he relates, is thought to be comparable to Livy. His poems
consist chiefly of love-verses, epigrams, and epitaphs : his history
is of five kings of Scotland of the name of James. Ben Jonson
went, on purpose to visit him, to Hawthornden, where he spent
several months, which he esteemed the happiest part of his life. In
Drummond s works, the best edition of which was printed at Edin
burgh, in 1711, fol. are some very curious particulars that passed
in conversation betwixt him and Jonson. The news of the be
heading of Charles I. so shocked him, that it quickly hastened his
death. Ob. 1649.
GULIELMUS, comes de STERLIN (Sterling),
JEt. 57. W. Marshall so. Frontispiece to his Recreation
of the Muses" fol. 1637. The print is very scarce, as it
is rarely found in any of the copies : it is one of Mar
shall s best performances.
There is another print of him, in Marshall s manner,
with this motto, " Aut spero, aut sperno" preJLved to
his Tragedies, in 8vo. 1616. He is there called Sir
William Alexander.
GULIELMI, comitis de STERLING; 4to. W. Rich
ardson.
WILLIAM ALEXANDER, earl of Sterling. Boc-
quet sc. In " Noble Authors," by Mr. Park.
William Alexander, earl of Sterling, was a very eminent poet
and statesman, in the reigns of Jarnes and Charles I. His poetry,
which for purity and elegance, is far beyond the generality of the
productions of the age in which he lived, recommended him to
James, who gave him the grant of Nova- Scotia, where he had pro
jected a plan of making a settlement. He seems to have been no
OF ENGLAND. 143
less a favourite with Charles, who instituted an order of baronets
for the encouragement of this new colony.* His works consist
chiefly of sonnets, and of four tragedies in alternate rhyme. Ob.
12 Feb. 1640, Mt. 60. See Class III.
MISCELLANEOUS AUTHORS IN DIVINITY,
HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES, NATURAL PHILO
SOPHY, &c.
JOANNES PRICEUS, Anglo-Britannus. Hollar f.
1644; Svo.
John Price was deservedly famous for his great knowledge in
divinity and philosophy. See the Interregnum, Class IX.
LUCIUS GARY, viscount Falkland, was author of A Dis
course of the Infallibility of the Church of Rome," which is the
most considerable of his works. It is written in an easy and fami
liar style, without the least affectation of learning. We are told
by Dr. Swift, that, in some of his writings, " when he doubted
whether a word were perfectly intelligible or no, he used to consult
one of his lady s chamber-maids (not the waiting-woman, because
it was possible she might be conversant in romances), and by her
judgment, was guided whether to receive, or to reject it."f Ob.
20 September, 1643 ; Mt. circ. 33. See Class III.
WILLIAM AUSTIN, esq. of Lincoln s Inn; a
very small head; Glover sc.
WILLIAM AUSTIN, &c. holding a lute ; arms, sepul
chral lamps, and skeletons; Glover sc. small oval.
This gentleman was author of " Hsec Homo, or, the Excellency
of Women," 12mo. He appears to have borrowed some hints in
* There is a list of the Nova-Scotia baronets at the end of the " Baronetage," &c.
by Arthur Collins, esq. ,
t Swift s " Letter to a Young Gentleman, lately entered into Holy Orders."
144 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
this book, from Cornelius Agrippa " De Nobilitate et Preecellentia
Fseminei Sexus," usually printed at the end of his treatise " De
Incertitudine et Vanitate omnium Scientiarum, &c." He was also
author of a book of Meditations on the principal Fasts and Festi
vals of the Church, published after his decease in folio, 1637.
This work gives us a high idea of the piety of the author. The
two heads above mentioned are in the engraved titles to these books ;
that in the latter, is the best.*
William Austin wrote his own sermon from Isaiah, chap, xxxviii,
verse 12, " Mine age is departed," &c. Speaking of his first wife
and children, he says, " The fellow of my bed, the play-fellow of
my house, the joy of my heart, and comfort of my life, are either
clean gone, or much impaired," &c. He died Jan. 16, 1633, and
lies buried in St. Mary Overie s church.
WILLIAM HODSON, esq. without his name ;
Marshall sc. neat.
The print which is prefixed to his " Tractate on the eleventh
Article of the Apostle s Creed," in 8vo. 2d edit, 1636, is known by
this distich :
" Materia peccat, non peccat imago figura,
Vultum aliquis, mentera fingere nemo potest."
William Hodson, who was educated at Peterhouse, in Cam
bridge, was also author of " The Divine Cosmographer, or a brief
Survey of the whole world, delineated in a Tractate on the 80th
Psalm." To this is subjoined, " Sancta Peccatrix," at the end of
which are several copies of verses from his friends. The print,
which represents him with an open and ingenious countenance, was
probably engraved from a painting of Vandyck.
WALTER MOUNTAGUE; whole length in a title,
4to. Marshall.
* There is also by him a translation of " CATO MAJOR, or the book of Old Age,
first written by M.T. Cicero, and now excellently Englished by WILLIAM AUSTIN
of Lincoln s Inn, esquire, with annotations upon the names of men and places;
2d edition, Lond. 1671." The above inscription is also contained in an engraved
title, wih emblems of mortality, &c. by J. Goddard, a name that occurs more rarely
than almost any other, in this class of Artists.
OF ENGLAND. 145
Walter Montague, a younger son to Henry, earl of Manchester,
was bom in the parish of St. Botolph, without Aldersgate; was
educated in Sidney College, Cambridge ; travelled, and returning
with an unsettled mind after he had been into France about public
concerns, gave a farewell to his country, and religion ; and settling
himself in a monastery, wrote a letter in justification of his change.
The queen-mother of France made him abbot of Nantveil, &c.
and he was one of her cabinet council and a promoter of Mazarine.
He is said to be of a most generous and noble spirit, and of great
piety. He wrote <{ The Sheppard s Paradise." Lond. 1629. * Mis
cellanea Spiritual," 1648. 1654. He died about 1669. See Ant.
Wood.
D. GERTRUDE MORE, a nun; Magnus Amoris
Amor." R. Lochon sc. I2mo.
GERTRUDE MORE; anno Dom 1 . 1633, JEt. 28. Jac.
Neeffs sc. Standing before a crucifix : large Svo.
Gertrude More was author of " Spiritual Exercises, and the
Confessions of a loving Soul to Almighty God." They were pub
lished at Paris, in 1658, with an approbation by " Fr. Walgravius,
Doct. Theol. Monachus et Prior Benedictinus," in which he styles
her, "the late deceased Dame Gertrude More, religious of the
English convent at Cambray, of the holy order of St. Bennet,
pious offspring of that noble and glorious martyr Sir Thomas
More, chancellor of England. She died in August, 1733."
EDWARD, lord Herbert, of Cherbury. His por
trait is described in Class III.
Lord Herbert was author of " The Life and Reign of Henry
VIII." which has been ever esteemed one of the best histories in
the English language : but there is not in it that perfect candour
which one would wish, or expect to see, in so celebrated an
historian. He has given us a much juster portrait of himself, than
he has of Henry. He appears to have laid open every foible or
VOL. in. u
146 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
defect in his own character,* but has cast the monstrous vices of
that merciles tyrant into shade, and has displayed to great ad
vantage, his gallantry, magnificence, and generosity. His books
" De Veritate," t and " De Religione Gentilium," are well known.
He was also author of a book of poems, published after his de
cease by his son. Ob. Aug. 1648. See Ciass III.
JOHANNES SPEED, &c. sitting, and drawing a
map. Saver y sc. h. sh.
Jo H N S PE E D : from his monument in St. Giles s church ,
* *J
Cripplegate. J. T. Smith, 1791.
The print, which represents him old, was done in this reign. It
was taken from a painting in the possession of his immediate
descendant, the Reverend Mr. Samuel Speed, formerly of New
* In his " Life," written by himself, a small quarto of one hundred and seventy
pages. Strawberry-hill, 1764*. There were only two hundred copies of the first
edition of this book printed, which were equally divided betwixt the Earl of Powis,
and Mr. Walpole, who distributed them among their friends. I am very credibly
informed, that it sold at an auction for three pounds twelve shillings, and have par
ticular reason to believe that I could have had more for a copy in my own pos
session.
t Bein in great debate with himself whether he should publish his book " De
Veritate," or not, he tells us, that he addressed the following prayer to God, to
know his will in relation to the publication of it. His words are these : " Being
thus doubtful in my chamber, one fair day in the summer, my casement being
opened towards the south, the sun shining clear, and no wind stirring, I took my
book De Veritate in my hand ; and kneeling on my knees, devoutly said these
words:
" O thou eternal God, author of the light which now shines upon me, and giver
of all inward illuminations : I do beseech thee of thy infinite goodness, to pardon a
greater request than a sinner ought to make ; I am not satisfied enough whether I
shall publish this book De Veritate; if it be for thy glory, I beseech thee give
me some sign from heaven ; if not, I shall suppress it.
" 1 had no sooner spoken these words, but a loud, though yet gentle noise, came
from heaven (for it was like nothing on earth), which did so comfort and cheer rue,
that I took my petition as granted, and that 1 had the sign I demanded; whereupon
also I resolved to print my book : this (how strange soever it may seem), I protest
before the eternal God is true, neither am I any way superstitiously deceived
herein, since I did not only clearly hear the noise, but in the serenest sky that ever
I saw, being without all cloud, did to my thinking see the place from whence it
came. And now I sent my book to be printed at Paris, at my own cost and
charges," c. Life of Lord Herbert," p. 170, 171.
OF ENGLAND. 147
College, and usher of Winchester school. It is observable, that
the historian does not appear to be so large a man in the picture,
as he does in the print.
John Speed, who was bred a tailor, was, by the generosity of Sir
Fulk Grevil, his patron, set free from a manual employment, and
enabled to pursue his studies, to which he was strongly inclined
by the bent of his genius. The fruits of them were his " Theatre
of Great Britain," containing an entire set of the maps drawn by
himself; his " History of Great Britain," richly adorned with seals,
coins, and medals, from the Cotton collection; and his " Gene
alogies of Scripture," first bound up with the "Bible," in 1611,
which was the first edition of the present English translation. His
maps were very justly esteemed ; and his " History of Great
Britain," was, in its kind, incomparably more complete, than all
the histories of his predecessors put together. He died the 28th of
July, 1629, having had twelve sons, and six daughters, by one wife.*
SIR RICHARD BAKER, knt. Sherwin sc. small.
In the engraved title to his " Chronicle ;" fol.
Sir Richard Baker was the noted author of " A Chronicle of
the Kings of England;" a book formerly in great vogue; but
which was ever more esteemed by readers of a lower class, than
by such as had a critical knowledge of history. The language of
it was, in this reign, called polite; and it long maintained its re
putation, especially among country gentleman. | The author seems
* The Countess de Viri, wife of the late Sardinian ambassador, is lineally de
scended from him. Such was the friendship betwixt the late Lord Viscount Cobham,
and Colonel Speed, her father, that upon his decease, he esteemed her as his own
child, brought her up in his family, and treated her with a paternal care and tender
ness. Her extraordinary merit recommended her to the Viscountess Cobham, who
left her the bulk of her fortune. This lady, who is eminent for her wit and accom
plishments, is celebrated by the ingenious Mr. Gray, in his " Long Story." We
are, indeed, in some measure indebted to her for that elegant performance; as it
was written chiefly on her account.
t Sir Richard s own encomium of his "Chronicle," in his preface to that work, is
supposed to have recommended it to many of his readers. He says, that it is
" collected with so great care and diligence, that if all other of our chronicles were
lost, this only would be sufficient t inform posterity of all passages memorable, or
worthy to be known."
See the lirst edition of his Poems.
148 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
to have been sometimes more studious to please than to inform ;
and with that view, to have sacrificed even chronology to method.
In 1558, Edward Philips, nephew to Milton,* published a third
edition of this work, with the addition of the reign of Charles I.
It has been several times reprinted since, and is now carried as
low as the reign of George I.f Sir Richard was also author of
many books of divinity, and translated Malvezzi s " Discourses ou
Tacitus," and Balzac s " Letters." Most of his books were com
posed in the Fleet prison, into which he threw himself to avoid
his creditors. He died in his confinement the 18th of February,
1644-5.
SIR EDWARD WALKER ; in the print with
Charles /. B. Reading sc. small folio.
Sir Edward Walker was some time domestic servant to Thomas,
earl of Arundel, who made him his secretary at war, in the expe
dition to Scotland, 1639. He was successively rouge croix pur
suivant, Chester herald, norroy, and garter king at arms ; in which
last office, he was succeeded by Sir William Dugdale. He was
author of the " Historical Discourses," &c. fol. which contain many
curious and useful particulars relative to the civil war, to a great
part of which he was an eye-witness. Lord Clarendon had the
greatest helps from his papers, in writing the military part of his
admirable history. | See more of him in the " Athense Oxonienses.
He died, the 19th of Feb. 1676, being then one of the clerks of
the privy council to Charles II. His portrait, which is in the book
above mentioned, is with that of Charles I.
THOMAS, lord FAIRFAX, has written memorials of him
self: and it is much to be wished that every great general had
* Author of the Theatrum Poetarum," in 12mo. 1675. Milton had the care of
his education.
t Mr. Daines Barrington, speaking of this history observes, that " Baker is by
no means so contemptible a writer as he is generally supposed to be; it is believed,"
says that author, " that the ridicule on this Chronicle arises from its being part of
the furniture of Sir Roger de Coverlet s hall." " Observat. on the Statutes," p. 97,
edit. 3.
} Euhard, p. 92j.
OF ENGLAND. . 149
done the same ; though he had not, like Csesar, been equally
dexterous at using the pen and the sword. He versified the Psalms
of David, and other parts of the Scripture, but it is probable that
they were never thought worth printing. Ob. 12 Nov. 1671, 2Et.
60. See Class VII.
JOSIAH RICRAFT, Londinensis mercator,1646;
Faithorne f. Svo. Before his " Alphabets, or Charac
ters f it is also before his " Survey" fyc. ami is very
scarce.
JOSIAH RICRAFT; twelve English verses. W.Rich
ardson.
Mr. Wood, who styles him " a bigoted Presbyterian," informs
us, that he was author of * a canting book," entitled, " A Survey
of England s Champions, and Truth s faithful Patriots" &c. 1647,
Svo.
This book, which has been mentioned before, has in it an ac
count of twenty-one persons, who distinguished themselves in the
civil war, with short encomiums in verse prefixed, and a head of
each person. He also published a book of alphabets, entitled
" The peculiar Characters of the Oriental Languages, and sundry
others, exactly delineated, for the benefit of all such as are studious
in the Languages and the choice Rarities thereof, and for the
Advancement of Language Learning in these latter Days. Pub
lished by Josiah Ricraft, of London, merchant, and approved by
the most learned of the kingdom of England and other foreign
Nations."
In the " Irish Compendium," (by Francis Nichols) we are in
formed, that the grandfather of Richard Child, viscount Castle-
main, married the daughter of Roycroft of Westonwick, in
the county of Salop, esq. (which family came from Abbeville, in
Normandy), and that by her he had a son named Josiah, who was
a great East-India merchant. It is possible that Josiah Ricraft
might be grandfather, or otherwise nearly related to the famous
Josiah Child. Quaere.
CAPTAIN THOMAS JAMES, M. 40, 1632; 4
small oval.
150 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
He made, in 1631, a very perilous voyage to discover a North
West passage ; an account of which was soon after published,
and it has been reprinted among the collections of voyages and
travels.
HENRICUS SPELMANNUS, eques auratus.
Guil. Fait home sc. h.sh. Ajine impression is scarce; it
was used in Stukeley s " Itinerarum" 1724, and 15 en
graved at the top right hand corner; it has lately been
copied by H. Cook, for Mr. Sotheby, in a manner to
deceive the best judges.
HENRICUS SPELMANNUS, &c. R. White sc. copied
from Fait home. Before his Posthumous Works ; fol.
1698. ^ : ; ; V; ? : T : - :
There is a whole length portrait of him in the hall of Trinity
College, in Cambridge. It was copied from some other portrait, by
Isaac Whood, a disciple of Richardson.
This learned and industrious antiquary, to whom every writer of
English history, since his time, is indebted, was one of the Anti
quarian Society in the reign of James I. and the intimate friend
of Camden and Sir Robert Cotton. He was not only well skilled
in the learned languages, but was also a great master of the Saxon
tongue ; of which he is justly esteemed a chief restorer, and for
which he settled a lecture in the university of Cambridge. His
principal works, which are in Latin, will last as long as the lan
guage in which they are written: of these his " English Councils,"
and his " Glossary," hold the first place. A complete edition of
the " Councils of Great Britain and Ireland," was published in
four vols. folio, by Dr. David Wilkins, in 1737 ; and bis " Glossary"
was completed by Sir William Dugdale, and printed also in folio.
Dr. Gibson, who merited so much for his edition of Camden s
" Britannia," merited also the thanks of the learned world for his
edition of the English works of Sir Henry Spelman, which was^
published in folio, 1695. This great antiquary died full of years,
and of literary and virtuous fame, in 1641.
GUL1ELMUS SOMNERUS. M. Burghers sc.
OF ENGLAND. 151
" Moribus Antiquis ;" Svo. This print, which is before
his " Portus Iccius" was probably done from an origi
nal, painted in this reign, as the hair hangs very low on
the forehead.
William Somner was one of the greatest masters of the Saxon
language in his own time, and was careful to convey the know
ledge of it to posterity, by compiling, with infinite labour, his
valuable " Saxon Dictionary."* He was also very inquisitive
into all the other ancient, as well as modern languages of Europe ;
especially such as were most useful to him in his researches
into the antiquities of his own country. In 1640, being then in the
thirty-third year of his age, he published his " Antiquities of Can
terbury ;"f which gained him a great, and deserved reputation.
He had actually planned and collected materials for a history of
Kent; but was, by several avocations, prevented from finishing it.
His treatise of the Roman ports and forts, in that county, is sup
posed to have been drawn up for his intended work. He com
posed, in this reign, his excellent treatise of " Gavelkind," which
was printed in 4to. in 1660. Mr. Edmund Gibson, afterward
bishop of London, translated his "Portus Iccius" into Latin, and
published it in Svo. 1694. He died the 30th of March, 1660.
His books and manuscripts were purchased by the dean and chap
ter of Canterbury. J
* Wood says that the " Vocabularium Saxonicura," compiled by Lawrence
Nowell, was of use to him in this work. See " A then Oxon." i. col. 186. While
Kennet, in his Life of Somner, where he speaks of his Saxon Dictionary, says,
" For this, indeed, is a farther honour to the work and the author of if, that it was
done in the days of anarchy and confusion, of ignorance and tyranny, when all the
professors of true religion and good literature were silenced and oppressed. And
yet Providence so ordered, that the loyal suffering party did all that was done for
the improvement of letters, and the honour of the nation. Those that intruded into
the places of power and profit, did nothing but defile the press with lying news and
fast sermons, while the poor ejected churchmen did works of which the world was
not worthy. I appeal to the Mon;isticon, the Decem Scriptores, the Polyglot Bible,
the London Critics, the Council of Florence, and the Saxon Dictionary."
t It was first published in quarto, but was reprinted in folio, with cuts. The
folio edition was revised and enlarged by the editor, Nicholas Battely ; to which he
added, of his own composition, the second part.
\ Every reader of English history must have observed, that nothing was more
common, than for old historians and antiquaries to bury their subject under a heap
of quotations, transcripts, instruments, and records : Somner first introduced the
practice of throwing things of this kind into an appendix at the end of the book.
152 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHANNES WEEVER, M. 55, A. 1631. T.
Cecill sc. four English verses. Frontispiece to the book
mentioned in his article. This print has been copied for
a new edition of the same book.
John Weever, a native of Lancashire, received his education
in the university of Cambridge. He was author of the " Funeral
Monuments," a book of great utility to antiquarians and histo
rians, but which would have been of much more, if it had not
been egregiously deficient in point of accuracy, especially in the
numeral letters and figures. He died in, or about the year, 1632,
aged 56, and lies buried in the church of St. James, Clerkenwell,
London.
RICHARD BUTCHER, antiquary. Clamp scAto.
This antiquary published in 4to. " The Survey and Antiquitie of
the Towne of Stamford, in the County of Lincolne, with an Account
of its ancient Foundations, Grants, Privileges, and several Donations
thereunto belonging. Also a List of the Aldermen s Names, and
the time when they were chosen ; with the Names of the ten Lord
Mayors (of the Hon. City of London) borne in the forsaid county of
Lincolne: written by Richard Butcher, gent, sometime Towne-clarke
of the same Towne." Printed at London by T. Forcet, 1646.
In the dedication, which is dated Stamford the 1st of January,
1646, Butcher calls that place his native town. A republication
of this piece was expected, with numerous additions, by Mr.
Foster, rector of St. Clement Danes, a native of Stamford, and
sometime warden of Brown s Hospital, in that town ; who had
long promised it, though it does not appear that he left any
thing of consequence behind him preparatory to such a work.
He began to revise in 1706 ; and afterward formed a design
of a new work ; but an inveterate palsy in his head prevented
him from digesting his extensive reading.
In 1717, Butcher s " Survey," &c. was reprinted in 8vo. with
out so much as the continuation of the list of aldermen. To this
edition were appended, " A Brief Description of the Towne of
Tottenham Highcrosse in Middlesex," and " The Turnament of
Tottenham," both reprinted from the 4to. 1631.
Two folio volumes, MSS. in St. John s College, Cambridge,
marked H. 3. 4. are entitled "Antiquity revived, in three parts,
OF ENGLAND. , 153
setting forth the ancient and primary Habitations, Originals, and
Descents, of the Nobility, Barony, and Gentry of Great Britain,
and the Islands which lay within the British Ocean, according to
the several Compilers, with other Notes and Observations of Anti
quity, by Richard Butcher." With a drawing of him, yEtatis suse
61,ano. Dom. 1648.
JAMES YORKE, of Lincoln, blacksmith; a small
head. In the engraved title to his book, folio, 1641.
T. R. (awlyns) fecit.
James Yorke was author of the " Union of Honour," a trea
tise of English heraldry, which is inscribed to the king, and
dedicated to Henry Howard, baron Moubray, and Maltravers.
The writer, who was unfortunately under a necessity of beating
the anvil, employed his leisure hours to good purpose. He was
eighteen years in making his collections for this laborious and
ingenious work. In his dedication, he says, " Long was I in
forging and hammering it to this perfection, and now present
it to your lordship, not yet matched by any of my trade." The
book contains the achievements of the kings and nobility of
England, from the Conqueror to James I. to each of which is sub
joined a concise genealogical history; next follow the arms of
the gentry of Lincoln, collected by Yorke; and lastly an account
of all the battles " fought or maintained by the English, in Eng
land, Scotland, France, Ireland, and Wales," from the Norman
conquest, to the reign of James I. The work is spoken of in high
terms, by several persons of considerable note, whose commenda
tory verses are prefixed to it. Among others, are the names of
Richard Brathwait, George Buck, and Thomas Heywood.*
WILLIAM FOSTER; his left hand on a sphere;
Svo.
This portrait is not genuine. See that of WEEVER.
* Thomas Knight, a late shoemaker at Oxford, was noted for his extensive know
ledge in heraldry, in which branch of science he made considerable collections.
He, on sight of an achievement, rarely failed of telling immediately to what noble
man s or gentleman s family it belonged. He also blazoned, drew, and added ele
gant ornaments to arms. This man by the force of an heraldical genius, which, if
duly cultivated, would have qualified him for a king at arms, sunk, in a few years,
from a shoemaker, to a cobler. He died in November, 1767.
VOL. III. X
154 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
William Foster was instructed in the mathematics by the cele
brated Oughtred, under whom he made a very considerable pro
ficiency. He translated from a Latin manuscript, into English,
his Master s " Horizontal Instrument," tog-ether with his " Circles
7 o
of Proportion; 1 4to. 1630, which he dedicated to Sir Kenelm
Digby. An improved edition of this book was published in
1660, by Arthur Haughton another disciple of Oughtred.
KENELMUS DIGBY, &c. Vandyck p. Voerst sc.
h. sh.
KENELMUS DIGBY, &c. Stent; a copy from the above.
KENELMUS DIGBY. Vandyck p. Larmessin sc. 4 to.
SIR KENELM DIGBY. Vandyck p. Houbraken sc.
1748; from a fine original in the palace of Kensington.
In Lord Oxford s collection was a family-piece of Sir Kenelm,
his lady, and two children, by Vandyck.
KENELMUS DIGBY. Burghers sc. In the front isp.
to the " Catalogue of the Bodleian Library"
SIR KENELM DIGBY, in a cloak ; llmo. There is
a small foreign print, inscribed " Kenelmo Georgio
Digby, Caval. Inglese, 1621," Svo. Qu. if genuine.
SIR KENELMUS DIGBY. R. Gay wood sc. &o. pre
fixed to the " Immortality of the Soul" 1645.
SIR KENELM DIGBY. R. Cooper sc . from the origi
nal of Vandyke, in the Bodlein Gallery, Oxford. In
Mr. Lodges " Illustrious Portraits"
This eminent person, was, for the early pregnancy of his parts,
and his great proficiency in learning, compared to the cele-
OF ENGLAND. 155
brated Picus de Mirandola, who was one of the wonders of
human nature. His knowledge, though various and extensive,
appeared to be greater than it really was ; as he had all the
powers of elocution and address to recommend it. He knew
how to shine in a circle of ladies, or philosophers ; and was
as much attended to when he spoke on the most trivial subjects,
as when he spoke on the most important. He was remarkably
robust, and of a very uncommon size, but moved with peculiar
grace and dignity. Though he applied himself to experiment,
he was sometimes hypothetical in his philosophy ; and there are
instances of his being very bold and paradoxical in his con
jectures : hence he was called the " Pliny of his age for lying."
It is said that one of the princes of Italy, who had no child,
was desirous that his princess should bring him a son by Sir
Kenelm, whom he esteemed a just model of perfection.f His
book of " Bodies," and that of "The Nature of Man s Soul," are
reckoned among the best of his works. He sometimes de
scended to much humbler subjects, and wrote " Directions for
Cookery," &c. Ob. 11 June, 1665. The curious reader may see
a paper concerning him published by Hearne at the end of
"Walt. Hemingford," p. 581: it is worth remarking, as it dis
agrees with Wood s account; but the facts mentioned by the
latter are sufficiently proved in the article of Sir Kenelm Dig-
by in the " Biographia Britannica," p. 1709, note (L). See
Class VII.
JOHANNIS PARKINSONI, pharmacppeei Lon-
dinensis effigies, LXII. eetatis annum agentis, a nato
Christo, 1629; before his " Paradisus Terrestris"
This print was cut in wood by Christopher Switzer.
* There are traditional and hypothetical errors to be found in the works of all
the philosophers, who wrote before natural science was ascertained by experiment ;
from the age of Aristotle to that of Charles I. The great Lord Bacon himself was
not exempt from them. But there is a wide difference betwixt errors of this sort,
and falsehoods evidently imposed upon mankind. The above reflection upon Sir
Kenelm, was made by Henry Stubbe, who is not always to be relied on for his
characters.
t Lloyd s " Memoirs," p. 580.
156 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHN PARKINSON; a small oval : in the title, of his
" Theatre of Plants " W. Marshall.
JOHN PARKINSON; oval. W.Richardson.
John Parkinson, apothecary to the king, was author of the
"Paradisus Terrestris, or Garden of Flowers," 1629; and the
" Theatre of Plants," 1640; both in folio. The latter, which is a
work of merit, was intended as a universal history of plants. It
contains a great variety of articles, not to be found in any of the
botanical writers who went before him. He, for the most part,
follows the celebrated Caspar Bauhinus. He has omitted many
species which were well known in his time, and has given us
repeated descriptions of others. See more of him in the Bodleian
Catalogue, under the article of Lobel. In this reign, flourished
another botanist of considerable note, namely, William Cole, author
of " Adam in Eden, or the Paradise of Plants," folio. His " Art
of Simpling," a small duodecimo, may be of use to direct the un
experienced botanist to the places where some plants are naturally
produced. See a Summary of the History of Botany and Botanical
Writers, in Tournefort s " Isagoge in Rem Herbariam," prefixed to
his " Institutiones," &c.
SIR HENRY WOTTON, knt. W. Dotte f. Be
fore his " Remains," Svo.
SIR HENRY WOTTON. Lombart sc. Before his
" Remains" I2mo.
SIR HENRY WOTTON, sitting in a chair ^ JEt. 72;
frontispiece to his " State of Christendom" 1657 ; fol.
SIR HENRY WOTTON. T. Cheesman sc. lSl6;from
the original of Cornelius Janssen, in the Bodlein Gallery,
Oxford; in Mr. Lodge s " Illustrious Portraits."
Dolle s and Lombart s prints are after the original picture in the
Provost s Lodge, at Eton College.
OF ENGLAND. 157
Sir Henry Wotton, a gentleman of many natural and acquired
accomplishments, was employed in several embassies by King
James I. Towards the latter end of that king s reign, he was
made provost of Eton College ; a station well suited to his studious
and philosphic turn of mind. He enjoyed his privacy the more
for having been much in public life ; and was more a philosopher
for having been a statesman. Books in the ancient and modern
languages., were his constant employment, and angling* was his
usual diversion. His writings, some of which are in verse, are on
variety of subjects ; but his capital work is his " Treatise of Archi
tecture," which has been translated into Latin, and bound with
* Vitruvius," and Freart s " Parallel," translated by Evelyn. f In
this book, he has treated of the principles of the art, and its useful
and ornamental branches. Though he was justly esteemed an
elegant scholar, and an able critic, his works abound with exotic
idioms; nor has he escaped censure for his pedantry. But it
should be considered that he wrote in an age, when, to write like a
pedant, was to write like a gentleman ; or, to speak more properly,
like a king.}: He was a good judge of the arts, and collected
abroad several pictures, and other curiosities, for Prince Charles,
the Duke of Buckingham, and the Earl of Arundel. Mr. Boyle,
who was personally acquainted with him, says, that " he was not
only a fine gentleman himself, but was very well skilled in the art
of making others so." 06. Dec. 1639, Mt. 72.
RICHARD BRATHWAIT, esq. Frontispiece to
his "English Gentleman, 4to. 1630. R. Vaughan sc.
RICHARD BRATHWAIT; a head in an oval, by Mar
shall. In the engraved title to his " Survey of History,
or a Nursery for Gentry," 1638, 4to.
RICHARD BRATHWAIT, esq. Evans exc.
* See Isaac Walton s " Complete Angler."
t This book is entitled " A Parallel of the Ancient Architecture with the Modem,
in a Collection of ten principal Authors who have written upon the five Orders, by
Roland Freart," fol. The cuts were engraved by Hertochs, but they are without his
name.
% James I. Birch s " Life of Boyle," p. 23, 8vo. edit.
158 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Richard Brathwait, (or Brathwayte) was a man of polite learning,
and genteel education. He wrote many things in prose and verse,
of which the most considerable was his " English Gentleman,"
which was thrice printed in this reign. He has lately, through the
researches of Mr. Haslewood, been discovered as the author of
" Drunken Barnaby s Journey." See the 7th edition, published by
J. Harding, 1818. He died May 4, 1673, and was buried at Ca-
therick, in Yorkshire ; leaving behind him the character of a well-
bred gentleman, and a good neighbour. See his article in the
" Athense Oxonienses.
JOHN HALL, m. 19, 1646; " Olim Major a?
W. Marshall sc. 12 wo. in an oval of bays.
f
JOHN HALL; in an oval of bays, JEt. 19, 1646.
W. Richardson.
John Hall, a native of Durham, was educated at St. John s Col
lege, Cambridge; where he was esteemed the brightest genius in
that university. In 1646, being then but nineteen years of age, he
published his " Horse Vacivee, or Essayes," a sufficient proof of
his abilities : his Poems came out the same year. He translated
from the Greek, " Hierocles upon the Golden Verses of Pytha
goras ;" before which is an account of the ingenious translator and
his works, by John Davis of Kidwelly. Ob. 1656, JEt. 29.
There is a print of two men sitting and writing, with
some probability supposed to represent SIR CHARLES
and SIR WILLIAM CORNWALLIS, ,fe^. Before
" Essay es, by Sir Wm. Cormvallyes the Younger, Knt"
1632. Cecill sc. small octavo.
Sir Charles Cornwallis, second son of Sir William Cornwallis,
was a man of distinguished abilities. He was by James I. sent
ambassador into Spain, where he resided several years in that cha
racter. It is worthy of remark, that Francis, Lord Cottington, was
trained to business in his service. He was afterward treasurer of
the household to Prince Henry, whose life he hath written with ele-
OF ENGLAND. 159
gance. He had two sons, William and Thomas, the former of
whom is the subject of the next article.
Sir William Cornwallis was the author of the Essays just men
tioned, of which the completest edition was published in 1632,
after his decease. He, like Montaigne, who was one of his fa
vourite authors, writes frequently in a desultory manner, and takes
every occasion to speak of himself; and is, indeed, never more apt
to fix the attention, than when he is, without reserve, engaged in
this delicate subject. It is probable, that every one of his readers
will think the egotism his choicest flower of rhetoric. Though he
understood the learned, and some of the modern languages, he read
but few authors with any relish, and those he thoroughly digested.
Plato and Tacitus were his selectest favourites ; and he seems to
have had an eye on the latter in his short essays, in which his style
is rather too concise and figurative to be perspicuous. Though he
appeared to great advantage in the society of gentlemen, his mind
was always open, and on the watch to receive new ideas, however
coarsely conveyed by the meanest of the people ; as he well knew,
that a ploughman, as such, frequently reasons much better than a
philosopher. He was attracted by every trivial book or pamphlet
that came in his way : of these he carried numbers with him to the
privy, and tore them to pieces before he rose from his seat.
Though he esteemed a life of learned leisure by far the happiest,
he endeavoured, by speculation, to qualify himself for action, and
sometimes, in his melancholy moments, anxiously desired to display
his talents in public ; and so far regretted his being lost in the shade
of retirement as to wish himself out of the world.
LUDOVICUS ROBERTS, civis et mercator
Londi 8 . natus in Bellomarisco, in insula Mona, 1596.
G> Glover f. 1637; 4to.
Lewis Roberts was author of " The Merchant s Map of Com
merce," which has been several times printed in folio. The best
edition was published in 1700 : he was also author of "The Trea
surer of Traffick," 1641 ; 4to. His principal work gained him a
great reputation, as he was the first systematic writer upon trade
in the English language. A few years since was published " A Dic
tionary of Trade and Commerce by Postlethwayt," and another by
Rolt ; the former was translated from the French of Mons. Savary.
160 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JACOBUS STANIER, Mercator Londinensis,
Anno 1643. H. Garret del m. W. Hollar f.
James Stanier was a merchant of London, and translator of
Ovid s Epistles.
CAPTAIN CHARLES SALTONSTALL,^.29,
fyc. Marshall sc.
Charles Saltonstall was author of The Navigator, or the theoric
and practic Principles, of the Art of Navigation," Lond. 1642;
4to. His head is prefixed to this book.
SIR THOMAS UTQUHART, (or Urchard) knt.
Glover del. ad vivum, 1645 ; whole length, small 4 to.
scarce.
SIR THOMAS URCHARD, knight; whole length. W.
Richardson.
There was one of the same name and title, a Scotsman,* who,
about the year 1645, published a Treatise of Trigonometry in 4to.
dedicated to his lady mother. There is before the book, a por
trait of the author, at full length, in armour. His Translation of
part of Rabelais is much esteemed, as almost equalling the spirit
of the original.
There is a book of Epigrams by him, in 4to. 1641. He is said
to have been a laureated poet at Paris, before he was three-and-
twenty years of age. The most singularly curious of all his per
formances is, "The Discovery of a most exquisite Jewel, found in
the Kennel of Worcester Streets, the Day after the fight/ &c. 8vo.
1652. It contains chiefly the praises of such Scotsmen as have
been famous in arms and arts, since the year 1600. This, as I
learn from Mr. Horace Walpole, who has read the book, is one of
the strangest rhapsodies, that ever was tacked together.
* " Biog. Brit." artic. ALEXANDER, note (C.)
OF ENGLAND. 161
VeraEffigies THOMJE NIGELLI, Armigeri,Warn-
fordiensis. W. Marshall sc. \1rno. From John Maire s
<c Life of Erasmus," in Latin , printed in Holland, 1642.
It is dedicated to Thomas Neale, or Nele, esq. whose
Latin name is Nigellus, as Nelson is Nigelli Jilius.
There is a book, entitled " Directions to Travel,"
1643, by Sir THOMAS NEALE, with his print ; , by
Marshall.
THOMJE NIGELLI, Armigeri, &c. W. Richardson.
MR. (GERVASE) MARKHAM; a small oval; in
the title to his "Perfect Horseman;" Svo.
MR. (GERVASE) MARKHAM; enlarged from the
above. B. Reading sc. Svo. T. Rodd exc.
Gervase Markham was son of Robert Markham, of Gotham, in
the county of Nottingham, esq. He bore a captain s commission
in the civil war, and was justly reputed a man of courage.* He
was a practitioner in horsemanship and husbandry, for at least fifty
years, and composed several treatises on both these subjects. His
books of Farriery have given place to those of Gibson, Soleysell,
Bourdon, and Bracken ; but they are still in the hands of farriers
in the country. We see Markham s, Aristotle s, and several other
" Master Pieces," in almost every list of chapmen s books. He
was author of a tragedy, entitled, "Herod and Antipater," 1621,
of a book of angling.f The "Art of Archerie," and the " Soldier s
Exercise."
* In the "Biographia Britannica," article Holies, note(C.) is a remarkable story
of a duel betwixt a person of both his names, and John Holies, esq. afterward earl
of Clare. It is there said, that " Gervase Markham was a great Confidant, or as
the phrase now is, The Gallant of the Countess of Shrewsbury, and was usually in
those days termed her Champion." It appears in the conclusion of the story, that
he was, by an event of the duel, totally disqualified for gallantry. This may very
probably be another Gervase Markham; but we are told that " he lived after to be
an old man ; but never after eat any supper nor received the sacrament, which two
things he rashly vowed not to do, until he were revenged."
t Entitled, " The whole Art of Angling," in 4to, 1656. The author very gravely
VOL. III. Y
162 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHANNES BATE. G. Giffard fecit; small 4to.
John Bate was author of " The Mysteries of Nature/ in four
parts. 1. Of water- works. 2. Of fire-works. 3. Of drawing,
washing, limning, and engraving. 4. Of sundry experiments. "2d
edition, 4to. 1635. The head is before his book.
JOHANNES BABINGTON, M. 31. J. Droe-
shout sc. a small oval, scarce.
John Babington was author of f< Pyrotechnia, or a Discourse of
artificial Fire-works for Pleasure, &c. He was a great improver of
this art, and was also a considerable proficient in practical mathe
matics. There is subjoined to his " Pyrotechnia," a short Treatise
of Geometry, with the Extraction of the square and cubic Roots.
His portrait is in the engraved title to his book, fol. 1635.
NATHANAEL NYE, mathematician, M. 20.
Hollar f. 1644 ; \2rno. in an ovaL
In the catalogue of the library at Sion College occurs " The
Art of Gunnery ; shewing how to make Gunpowder, Match, to
shoot," &c. by Nat. Nye, 8vo. 1647. There is an edition of this
book, printed in 1670, in the title to which he is styled " Master
Gunner of the city of Worcester." To this is subjoined a " Trea
tise of artificial Fire- Works." The print is prefixed to his " Art of
Gunnery."
JOHN L1LBURNE, M. 23, 1641. G. Glover f.
Svo. several English verses.
The same head, within a prison-window; altered when
he was in confinement.
tells us, in this singular book, that an angler should " be a general scholar, and seen
in all the liberal sciences ; as a grammarian to know how to write, or discourse of
his art, in true and fitting terms. He should have sweetness in speech to entice
others to delight in an exercise so much laudable. He should have strength of
argument to defend and maintain his profession against envy and slander." He
also enumerates several virtues as essential to this amusement, and gives us to under
stand fhat a complete angler must be a complete scholar and philosopher.
OF ENGLAND. 163
JOHN LILBURNE, c. Hollar f. Under the print is
an account of his sufferings (for printing libels), in
pursuance of a sentence of the Star-chamber ; a small
oval.
JOHN LILBURNE, Vandergucht sc. Svo.
JOHN LILBOURNE, with his arms. Bullfinch del. R.
Cooper sc. from the original in the collection of Earl
Spencer.
JOHN LILBURNE, with an account of his sufferings.
J. Berry sc.
John Lilburne, commonly called " Freeborn John," was the most
hardened and refractory of all the seditious libellers of his time.
Dungeons, pillories, and scourges, seem to have had no effect
upon him. He was still contumacious, and continued to be the
same turbulent incendiary that he was at first. He dared to oppose
every government under which he lived ; and thought he had as
good a right to liberty, in its utmost extent, as he had to the ele
ment that he breathed. He looked upon all ordinances in religion
as the worst kind of bonds and shackles, and the effects only of
ecclesiastical tyranny. Being determined to enjoy the utmost
" Christian Liberty," he turned Quaker, and died in that communion.
See the Interregnum, and Granger s " Letters," p, 274.
It is probable, that most, or all of the following persons were
authors ; but I cannot find any mention of their works in the Bod
leian, and other Catalogues, which I have examined.
SIR JOHN KEDERMINSTER, of Langley. T.
Cecillsc.1638.
JOHANNES THOMPSON, M. 27. Gowy del.
Hollar f. 1644 ; 12 mo. in an ornamental oval; scarce.
164 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHANNES THOMPSON, Svo. W. (Marshall) anon.
" Ingenio, non estate sapientia acquiritur;" in an oval.
" JOHN DETHICK, of West Newton, in the
county of Norfolk, esq. was born the 23d of Octob.
1567, and deceased the 31st of Octob. 1651." P.
Lombart sc. 4to.
JOHN DETHICK, of West Newton, in the county of
Norfolk, esq. copied from the above for a new edition
of Blomefield s " Norfolk ;" 4to.
I find that John Dethick, lord mayor of London, was knighted
by Cromwell the 15th of Sept. 16.56. He was probably a son of
the former, who is conjectured to have been a herald, as were se
veral of his family.
HUMPH. CURSON, de Stanhow, in Norfolc.
falling band; I2mo.
This may, perhaps, belong to the next reign ; as may also the
following.
THOMAS MANLEY. An anonymous portrait,
JEt. 2 1 ; black cap, hair, sash, and shoulder-knot ; four
verses, " The pencil can no more" fyc. T. Cross
Svo.
AN AUTHORESS.
SARAH GILLY. (Ldy); W. Faithorne ; prefixed
to his "Receipts" 1662, Svo. She died 1659, M. cir. 48.
The name of Hannah Woolley appears on the later impressions :
sec Woolley.
OF ENGLAND. 165
AN ASTROLOGER.
JOHN EVANS, the ill-favoured astrologer of
Wales ; from the original drawing in the collection of
the Right Honourable Lord Cardiff. Godfrey sc.
JOHN EVANS; in Caulfield s "Remarkable Persons;"
Svo.
John Evans was one of those professors of astrology and magic,
vulgarly styled fortune-tellers, or cunning men, who gulled the
credulous and ignorant, by pretending to resolve questions, recover
stolen goods, and predict future events, from certain positions of
the planets ; a study much in vogue, as late as the time in which
he lived, and in the pursuit of which many well-meaning persons
so besotted their understandings as to become dupes to their own
visionary absurdities.
Very little is known of this man except what is related by Wil
liam Lilly, his pupil, who tells several very extraordinary stories
concerning him, but on the whole, from the character given of him,
he appears to have been more knave than fool. His countenance
which was scarcely human, seems to have been admirably calcu
lated to strike an awe into his superstitious consulters. " It hap
pened on one Sunday, 1632 (says Lilly), as myself and a justice
of peace s clerk were, before service, discoursing of many things,
he chanced to say, that such a person was a great scholar, nay so
learned, that he could make an almanack, which to me then was
strange. One speech begot another, till, at last he said, he could
bring me acquainted with one Evans in Gunpowder-alley, who had
formerly lived in Staffordshire, that was an excellent wise man,
and studied the black art. The same week after we went to see
Mr. Evans ; when we came to his house, he having been drunk the
night before, was upon his bed, if it be lawful to call that a bed
whereon he then lay ; he roused up himself, and after some com
pliments, he was content to instruct me in astrology : I attended
his best opportunities for seven or eight weeks, in which time I
could set a figure perfectly : books he had not any, except Haly
de Judiciis Astrorum, and Orriganus s Ephemerides; so that as
often as I entered his house, I thought I was in the wilderness.
166 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Now something of the man. He was by birth a Welshman, a
master of arts, and in sacred orders ; he had formerly had a cure
of souls in Staffordshire, but now was come to try his fortune at
London, being in a. manner enforced to fly for some offences very
scandalous, committed by him in those parts where he had lately
lived; for he gave judgment upon things lost, the only shame of
astrology : he was the most saturnine person my eyes ever beheld,
either before I practised or since ; of a middle stature, broad fore
head, beetle-browed, thick shoulders, flat-nosed, full lips, down-
looked, black curling stiff hair, splay-footed; to give him his right,
he had the most piercing judgment, naturally upon a figure of
theft, and many other questions, that I ever met withal; yet for
money he would willingly give contrary judgments, was much
addicted to debauchery, and then very abusive and quarrelsome,
seldom without a black eye, or one mischief or other. This is the
same Evans who made so many antimonial cups, upon the sale
whereof he principally subsisted : he understood Latin very well,
the Greek tongue not at all; he had some arts above, and beyond
astrology, for he was well versed in the nature of spirits, and had
many times used the circular way of invocating, as in the time of
our familiarity he told me. Two of his actions I will relate, as to
me delivered.
" There was, in Staffordshire, a young gentlewoman that had for
her preferment married an aged rich person, who being desirous to
purchase some lands for his wife s maintenance ; but this young
gentlewoman, his wife, was desired to buy the land in the name of
a gentleman her very dear friend, but for her use ; after the aged
man was dead, the widow could by no means procure the deed of
purchase from her friend; whereupon she applies herself to Evans,
who, for a sum of money, promises to have her deed safely delivered
into her own hands ; the sum was 407. Evans applies himself to
the invocation of the angel Salmon, of the nature of Mars, reads
his Litany in the Common-Prayer Book every day, at select hours,
wears his surplice, lives orderly all that time ; at the fortnight s end
Salmon appeared, and having received his commands what to do,
in a small time returns with the very deed desired, lays it down
gently upon the table, where a white cloth was spread, and then
being dismissed, vanished. The deed was, by the gentleman who
formerly kept it, placed among many other of his evidences, in a
large wooden chest, and in a chamber at one end of the house ;
but upon Salmon s removing and bringing away the deed, all that
OF ENGLAND. 167
bay of building was quite blown down, and all his own proper evi
dences torn all to pieces. The second story followeth. Some time
before I became acquainted with him , he then living in the Mino-
ries, was desired by the Lord Bothwell and Sir Kenelm Digby, to
shew them a spirit. He promised so to do : the time came, and
they were all in the body of the circle, when lo, upon a sudden,
after some time of invocation, Evans was taken from out of the
room, and carried into the field near Battersea Causeway, close to
the Thames. Next morning a countryman going by to his labour,
and spying a man in black clothes, came unto him, and awaked
him, and asked him how he came there; Evans, by this, understood
his condition, inquired where he was, how far from London, and in
what parish he was, which when he understood, he told the
labourer he had been late at Battersea the night before, and by
chance was left there by his friends. Sir Kenelm Digby and the
Lord Bothwell, went home without any harm, and came next day
to hear what was become of him 7 just as they in the afternoon
came into the house, a messenger came from Evans to his wife to
come to him at Battersea. I inquired upon what account the
spirit carried him away ; who said, he had not, at the time of invo
cation, made any fumigation, at which the spirits were vexed.
" It happened, that after I discerned what astrology was, I went
weekly into Little Britain, and bought many books of astrology,
not acquainting Evans therewith. Mr. A. Bedwell, minister, of
Tottenham High-cross, near London, who had been many years
chaplain to Sir Henry Wotton, whilst he was ambassador at
Venice, and assisted Pietro Soave Polano in composing and writ
ing the council of Trent, was lately dead, and his library being sold
in Little Britain, I bought amongst them my choicest books of
astrology. The occasion of our falling out was thus : a woman
demanded the resolution of a question, which when he had clone,
she went her way ; I standing by all the while, and observing the
figure, asked him why he gave the judgment he did, since the
signification shewed quite the contrary, and gave him many rea
sons ; which when he had pondered, he called me boy, and must
he be contradicted by such a novice ? but when his heat was over,
he said, had he not judged to please the woman, she would have
gave him nothing, and he had a wife and family to provide for;
upon this we never came together after."
168 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CLASS X.
ARTISTS, &c. 1
" MARCUS GARRARDUS pictor, illustrissimis
et serenissimis principibus, beatae memoriae, Eliza-
bethae, et Annas, c. Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, et
Hiberniae, reginis, servus ; et praestantissimo artifici
Marco Garrardo Brugensis Flandriae filius, ubi natus
erat. Ob. Londini, Jan. 19, 1635, JEt. 74." Hie ipse
Marcus depinxit, Ao. 1627. Hollar f. 1644; 4to.
See a further account of him in the reign of Elizabeth, Class X.
DANIEL MYTENS. Vandyck p. Paul die Pont
(or Pontius) sc. h. sh.
DANIEL MYTENS. Bannerman sc. copied from the
former. In the "Anecdotes of Painting."
DANIEL MYTENS. A. V. Dyck; P. de Jode.
Daniel My tens painted many portraits in England, in this, and
the former reign, which were very deservedly admired. Several of
them are at Hampton-court : and, at St. James s, is that of Jeffrey
Hudson, the king s dwarf, on whom Sir William Davenant wrote a
poem, entitled, " Jeffreidos," which describes a battle betwixt him
and a turkey-cock. This artist grew out of vogue upon the arrival
of Vandyck. He studied the works of Rubens, and his land
scapes on the back grounds of his pictures are in the excellent
style of that painter. He was living in Holland, in 1656. Ob.
1688, ffl. 52.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS, eques, &c. Van
dyck p. P. Pontius sc. h. sh.
OF ENGLAND. 169
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS, &c. a copy of the former,
by Gay wood; h. sh.
PETER PAUL RUBENS. Vandyck p. Woolkttsc. large
Mo.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS, 1630. Pontius sc. large
h. sh.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. Hollar f. h. sh.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. Pelhamf. h. sh. mezz.
SIR PETER PAUL RUBENS* Worlidgef. 5J inches,
SIR PETER PAUL RUBENS. Chambars sc. 4to. In
the " Anecdotes of Painting"
RUBENS S family by himself; engraved by Mac
Ardell, after the original at Blenheim ; t sh.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENIUS, &c. Gull. Panneels,
1630.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. V. Dyck; Boulonois.
PETRUS PAUL RUBENS; mezz. Rubens ; W. Dick-
enson.
PETRUS PAUL RUBENS, with Vail Dyck. P. Pon
tius.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS; 4fo. S. Savory exc.
* The engraver told me that this print, which sold for six shillings in England.
sold for three guineas at Paris. The French are great admirers of our best mezzo-
tintos.
VOL. III.
170 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. V. Dyck; J. Visscher.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. Wallresch sc. In San-
drart.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. V.Dyck; A.Lutma;
scarce.
PETRUS PAULUS RUBENS. Van Dyck ; Flcquet sc.
RUBEN S FAMILY, by W. Dickenson; mezz.
RUBEN S FAMILY, after Jordains. Watson sc. mezz.
In the Houphton Collection.
Peter Paul Rubens came into England in the reign of Charles I.
who employed him to paint the ceiling of the Banqueting-house at
Whitehall, for which he was paid 3000/. He, like Titian, excelled
in almost every branch of his art ; but his greatest excellence was
in history and landscape. There is more grandeur than simplicity
in his works ;* but his meanest performances are generally pleasing,
from the strength and beauty of his colouring.f He painted beasts
of the savage kind better than any other painter, and his landscapes
are not inferior to those of Titian. It appears from the paintings
of this artist, and many others, that the ideas of feminine beauty in
the Low Countries and in Greece, were as different as the climates.]:
* Richardson, speaking of his manner of painting, says, that " he lived and died
a Fleming, though be would fain have been an Italian/ See Richardson s Works,
p. 292.
t The ingenious Mr. Webbe is of opinion, that Rubens did not understand the
clare obscure as a principle in the art of painting. If he did not, it must be allowed
that he had the luckiest pencil that ever artist was blessed with. De Piles has, in
his " Balance of Painters," placed him two degrees higher, as a colourist, than
Correggio.
$ This will appear by comparing the women in the prints after Rubens, and the
fat Venus by Diepenbeke, in the " Temple of the Muses," with the Venus of
Medicis.
See the " Enquiry into the Beauties of Painting," p. 94.
OF ENGLAND. 171
His greatest work was the history of Mary of Medicis, in the Lux
emburg gallery, at Paris ; and his best easel piece, the Assumption
of the Virgin, in the collection of the elector palatine, at Dussel-
dorp ; there are prints of both. The Duke of Maryborough has no
less than sixteen pictures by his hand. Ob. 1640. See the Ap
pendix to this reign.
ANT. VANDYCK; a bust on a pedestal; ipse f.
aquaforti.
ANTH. VANDYCK, eques, &c. se ipse delin. Hollar f.
ANT. VANDYCK, &c. looking over his shoulder;
chain about his neck. L. Vorsterman sc. h. sh.
ANTOINE chevalier VANDYCK. P. Pontius sc. h sh.
ANTONIO VANDYCK. Feretti delin. X. G. e A.
Pazzi sc. h.sh. One of the set of Heads of Painters,
done by themselves, in the Grand Duke of Tuscany s
gallery at Florence.
The set is in the " Museum Florentinum."
ANTONIUS VANDYCK, &c. Gaywoodf. h. sh.
ANT. VANDYCK, eques, pictor. Vandyck p. J.
Vander Bruggen f. 1682; h. sh. mezz.
ANT. VANDYCK, &c. his arm held up, the hand
declined ; 4to.
The Duke of Grafton has a whole length of him, from which this
print was probably done. It was painted by Vandyck, and repre
sents him younger than any of the prints above described.
172 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK. Vandyck p. Bannerman
sc. From an original in the collection of the Hon. Horace
W< alpoie, from which the Duke of @r of ton s picture was
painted. In the " Anecdotes of Painting ;"
SIR ANT. VANDYCK. Worlidgef. 5J inches, by 3f.
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK ; in the manner of a draw
ing. J. le Blon.
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK. Bolswert.
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK ; mezz. P. P.Rubens;
W. Dickenson.
\
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK ; a bust. fol. Neeffs.
!$IR ANTHONY VANDYCK ; mezz. W. Vaillant.
x/
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK ; in Sandrart.
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK. Van Dyck pim\
Dolgorgue sc. in Music Napoleon.
SIR ANTHONY VANDYCK, with Rubens. P. Pontius.
This illustrious disciple of Rubens did not only excel his master
in portrait, but every other painter of his age ; and there is no artist,
of any age, that stands in competition with him but Titian. There
is a truth and delicacy, in his best works, that surpass those of all
his contemporaries as much as he surpassed himself. It is recorded
of him, that he frankly confessed to one of his friends, that in the
former part of his life he painted for fame, and in the latter for his
kitchen.* His price was 40/. for a half, and 60/. for a whole length.
His best portrait in England is the Earl of Strafford, with his secre-
* See De Piles s " Principles of Painting," p. 176, 177.
OF ENGLAND. 173
m
tary, at the Marquis of Rockingham s, at Wentworth-house : and
the best abroad, is that of Cardinal Bentivoglio, in the Grand Duke
of Tuscany s collection, at Florence. Mr. Richardson tells us, that
"he never saw any thing like it; that he looked upon it two hours,
and came back twenty times, to look upon it again." There is a
good etching of it by Morin, but it is not common. Oh. 1641.
GERARD SEGHERS, of whom there are several
prints, is said, by the French author of the " Abreg6,"
to have been here after the decease of Rubens and
Vandyck, and to have softened his manner, which
was originally harsh, like that of Manfrede, whom
he imitated. Though he studied in Italy, there is
too much of the Dutch style in his works. Bolswert
has engraved some of his historical pieces.
GERARDUS HONTHORST, (velHoNDTHORsr)
Hagae Comitis, pictor humanarum figurarum ma-
jorum. Vandyck p. Paul du Pont sc. h. sh.
GERARD HONTHORST, &c. Bannerman sc. 4to.
Copied from the above. In the "Anecdotes of Painting. "
GERARDUS HONTHORST ; 4to. G. Honthorst ; P.
de Jode.
Gerard Honthorst, who was esteemed one of the best painters of
his time, was invited into England by Charles I. He had before
been employed by the Queen of Bohemia, whose family he taught
to design : of these the Princess Louisa, afterward abbess of Mau-
buisson, and the Princess Sophia, were his most distinguished dis
ciples. He painted history and portraits, but excelled most in his
night pieces, of which Rubens was a great admirer. Though he
stayed here but six months, the king presented him with three thou
sand florins, a service of plate for twelve persons, and a horse,
Ob. 1660.
* Richardson s " Account of Statues, &tc. in Italy," p. 72, 2d edit.
174 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
PALAMEDES PALAMEDESSEN, prseliorum
pictor, in Hollandia. Vandyck p. P. Pontius sc. h. sh.
This ingenious painter, whose surname was Staevarts, or Stevers,
was son of a Flemish jeweller and goldsmith, who, for his excel
lence in his art, was invited into England by James I. Palamede
was born in London, in 1607. He studied in Holland, and paid
particular attention, to the works of Esaias Vandervelde, to whom
he was much superior. He, painted battles and encampments with
great truth, nature, and spirit ; and with unusual harmony and de
licacy of colouring. His pictures are very scarce, as he was cut
off in the prime of life. Sir William Musgrave has a painting of
this artist, who seems never to have been employed in England ;
but is numbered with the eminent painters of the city of Delft.* Ob.
1638, 2Et. 31.
HORATIUS GENTILESCIUS, pictor humana-
rum figurarum in Anglia. Vandyck p. L. Vorsterman
sc. h. sh.
HORATIO GENTILESCHI. T. Chambars sc. copied
from the above. In the " Anecdotes of Painting."
Horatio Gentileschi, a native of Pisa, having distinguished him
self in Italy and France, came into England by invitation of
Charles I. who assigned him a considerable salary, and employed
him in painting ceilings. He made some attempts at portrait paint
ing, but with little success. Nine pieces of his hand, which were
formerly in the royal palace at Greenwich, are now in the hall at
Marlborough-house. He also did the history of Joseph and Poti-
phar s wife, at Hampton-court. He died in England in the 84th
year of his age. His daughter Artimesa, was perhaps the most
celebrated paintress of her time. She was equal to her father in
history and excelled him in portrait.
GULIELMUS DOBSON,pictor; ipse fecit in aqua
forti; sold by Roivlet ; small h. sh.
* See " Pilkington s Dictionary."
OF ENGLAND. 175
GULIELMUS DOBSON. Stent ; 4to.
WILLIAM DOBSON ; ipse p. G. White f. h. sh.
mezz.
DOBSON. Bannerman sc. 4to. In the " Anecdotes of
Painting."
His head, by himself, is at Earl Paulet s.
_o^
WILLIAM DOBSON ; Yi spirited etching. Jos. Eng
lish fecit. 4 to.
William Dobson, called by Charles I. " The English Tintoret,"
was an excellent painter of history and portraits. He was brought
out of his obscurity by Vandyck who found him working in a garret.
The patronage of that great artist instantly raised his reputation,
and he was, upon his decease, appointed serjeant-painter to the
king,, and groom of the privy-chamber. He seems to have been
intoxicated with his good fortune : he grew idle and dissolute, was
involved in debt, and thrown into prison ; and died, soon after
his enlargement, at the age of thirty-six. His works, which have Oct.
much of the character and merit of Vandyck, are to be seen at 164 <
Oxford, Wilton, and many other places ; but his best performance
is at Blenheim. Some will have this to be a family-piece of Lilly
the astrologer, and others of Francis Carter an architect, disciple
of Inigo Jones. See " Anecdotes of Painting."
ADRIAN HANNEMAN. A. Bannerman sc. 4to.
In the "Anecdotes of Painting."
ADRIAN HANNEMAN. Tange sc.
ADRIAN HANNEMAN. V. Dyck.
Adrian Hanneman, a native of the Hague, was sixteen years in
England. He studied the works of Vandyck, and was, by Vertue,
thought the best imitator of the airs of his heads. He was the
favourite painter of Mary, princess of Orange, daughter to Charles I.
A considerable number of his works are to be seen in England ;
176 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
but his principle performances are abroad : he painted in the cham
ber of the States, at the Hague. Ob. circa 1680.
FRANCESCO CLEYN. T. Chambars sc. 4to. In
the "Anecdotes of Painting"
There was a picture of Cleyn, his wife, and several children, in the
possession of Mr. Crawley, of Hemsted, in Hertfordshire.
Francis Cleyn, a native of Rostock, in Germany, studied in Italy,
and was some time in the service of Christian IV. king of Denmark.
He came into England in the latter end of the reign of James I.
and was employed in the tapestry works at Mortlake. A fine suit
of tapestry in grotesque, after his designs, is at Petworth, in Sus
sex ; and at Holland-house is a most beautiful ceiling by him,
which Mr. Walpole says " is not unworthy of Parmegiano." He
designed many of the plates for Ogilby s " Virgil," and "^Esop ;"
the former of which were so much approved of by the king of
France, that he ordered them to be copied for the fine edition of
" Virgil," printed at the Louvre. He is said to have received fifty
shillings a-piece for these drawings. He painted little or nothing
in oil. Ob. circ. 1658.
JOANNES LIVENS, Pictor humanarum Figura-
rum major urn. Vandyck p. Vorsterman sc. h. sh. He
is represented in a very characteristic attitude, as if
listening to something*
John Livens, a celebrated painter, of Leyden, came into England,
in 1630,f where he drew the portraits of most of the royal family,
and several of the nobility. He stayed here but three years. A
Dutch painter, of both his names, and, I believe, the same person,
was deservedly famous for his etchings in imitation of Rembrandt,
of whom he was a scholar. His principal pieces are specified to
wards the end of the catalogue of the works of that artist, printed
for T. JefFerys, 1752, 12mo. They are sometimes added to the
works of Rembrandt.
* This circumstance is an improvement of the portrait, as it relates to a remark
able event in his life. See Richardson s " Theory of Painting," p. 99.
t See the Appendix to the third volume of the Anecdotes of Painting.
OF ENGLAND. 177
DAVIT (David) BECK, peintre, &c. ipse p. Coget
sc. Meyssens exc. 4 to.
DAVID BECK. P. Clowet.
David Beck, a native of Arnheim, was a disciple of Vahdyck,
and in favour with Charles I. whose sons, the prince, and the dukes
of York and Gloucester, he taught to draw. His rapidity of exe
cution was so great, that the king said he could paint riding post.
He afterward passed successively into the service of the kings of
France and Denmark, and was at last appointed painter to Chris
tina, queen of Sweden, for whom he painted most of the illus
trious persons in Europe.
Once, as he was travelling through Germany, he was suddenly
taken ill ; and appearing to be dead, was treated as such. His
servants, who watched the corpse after it was laid out, endeavoured
to console themselves for the loss of their master with the bottle.
When they grew intoxicated, one of them proposed to give him a
glass, though he were dead, as he was far from having a dislike to
it when he was alive. This was accordingly done; and the con
sequence was, that he recovered and lived many years.
HENRY VANDER BORCHT, peintre. Hol
lar f. 1648. Meyssens cxc. 4to.
Henry Vanderborcht was son of a Flemish painter of the same
Christian name, who collected pictures and other curiosities, espe
cially medals, for the Earl of Arundel. The son, who was also
employed in collecting for him in Italy, and was retained in his
service as long as he lived, was both a painter and engraver ; and
drew and etched many things in the royal and Arundelian collec
tions. He was afterward retained by Prince Charles. It is pro
bable, that the civil war occasioned his return into his own country,
as he is known to have died at Antwerp.
HENRY STONE. Lcly p. Bamerman sc. In the
" Anecdotes of Painting ;
HENRY STONE; holding a carved head. Vandyckp.
J. Van Somerf. mezz.
VOL. III. 2 A
178 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Henry Stone, son of Nicholas, travelled into Holland, France,
and Italy. He carried on the business of a statuary, after his
father s death; but was best known as a painter, and particu
larly excelled in copying Vandyck. He is called " Old Stone,"
to distinguish him from his younger brother John. At Burghley-
house, is a good copy by him of the celebrated portrait of
Charles I. painted by Vandyck, which was burnt at Whitehall, in
1697, and which was esteemed the best likeness of him.* Ob.
24- Aug. 1653. * -;r^ r -.; : -..\:V;7.. <^ ... : ^-,
HENRICUS STEENWYCK, &c. Van Dyck p.
Paul die Pont sc. h.sh.
HENRY STEENWYCK; in the " Anecdotes of Paint
ing" copied from the above ; 4/0.
Henry Steenwyck was a good painter of architecture, portraits,
and history; but he was not equal, in the first of these branches,
to his father, who had scarce a rival. He was employed in
England by Charles I. and we are informed, that in France are
the portraits of that king, and his queen, " with a front of a
royal palace on the back ground," by his hand. Descamps
says, "that this picture is more carefully laboured than any
work of Vandyck, and equal to the most valuable of Meiris."f
ABRAHAM VAN DIEPENBEKE, (vel Diepen-
beck). Pontius sc. Meyssms exc. 4 to.
Abraham Diepenbeke, who is esteemed one of the best disciples
of Rubens, was employed both in Flanders and England, by Wil
liam Cavendish, duke of Newcastle, for whom he drew portraits,
managed horses, and views from nature. Many of these works are
still remaining at Welbeck. He was also employed by the abbe
de Marolles, for whom he did the mythological histories, which
have been engraved in the elegant book, entitled " The Temple of
the Muses," which were executed by C. Bloemart and Mattham,
and re-engraved by, and under the direction of Picart. He de-
* MS. catalogue of the pictures at Burgliley.
t " Anecdotes of Painting," ii. 113, 2d edit. Notes.
* OF ENGLAND. 179
signed several of the prints in Ogilby s " Homer." . In the early
part of his life, before be entered the school of Rubens, he was
employed in painting on glass.
FRANCIS WOUTERS. F. Wouiersp. Banner-man
sc. 4fo. In the "Anecdotes of Painting. "
FRANCIS WOUTERS ; 4to. P. de Jock.
Francis Wouters, a disciple of Rubens, came into England, with
the emperor s ambassador, in 1637, and was retained as painter
to the Prince of Wales. He chiefly practised in landscape, with
small naked figures, such as Cupids, &c. and did a ceiling in one
of the palaces. His works were esteemed by the Emperor Fer
dinand II. and Charles I. Ob. 1659.
ADRIANUS STALBENT, pictor ruralium pro-
spectuum Antverpise. Vandyck p. Paul du Pont sc.
h. sh.
Adrian Stalbent was regarded as a capital artist among the
Flemish painters of landscape, who were never excelled by those
of any age or country. He was, for his superior merit, invited
into England by Charles I. He painted various rural scenes, but
his view of Greenwich was the most distinguished, if not the most
excellent of his works. Ob. 1660, JEt. 80.
CORNELIUS POLEMBURG; ipse p. T. Cham-
bars sc. 4to. In the " Anecdotes of Painting."
CORNELIUS POLEMBURG. V. Di/ck ; P.deJode.
Cornelius Polemburg, disciple of Abraham Bloemart, was de
servedly celebrated for his very beautiful and high-finished land
scapes, adorned with no less beautiful figures. He frequently
embellished his pieces with buildings and ruins ; and sometimes
finished them to so high a degree, that they had all the lustre and
tenderness of enamel. He, for some time, painted in the style
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
of Elsheimer, which he abandoned for another of his own. He
painted at Rome, and at Florence, where his works were highly
esteemed. He was strongly solicited to enter into the service of
the Grand Duke, which he declined ; but accepted of an invita
tion from Charles I. to come over to England. He sometimes
painted the figures in Steenwycks s perspectives. The scarcity of
his works; added to their intrinsic merit, occasions their being
valued as so many jewels. He died at Utrecht, 1660.
EDWARD PIERCE, sen r . Eannerman sc. 4 to. In
the "Anecdotes of Painting!
Edward Pierce, sen. was noted for history, landscape, and
architecture; and did a great number of ceilings and altar-pieces
in churches, which were burnt in the fire of London. He was
employed under Vandyck; and bred his son John a painter, and
Edward a statuary, both of whom became eminent in their profes
sions. The most considerable of the father s works, now remain
ing, are at Belvoir Castle, in Lincolnshire. He died a few years
after the restoration.
JOHN TORRENTIUS. Eannerman sc. oval; with
several other heads in the second edition of the " Anec
dotes of Painting."
JOHN TORRENTIUS ; JEt. 39. 1628. Iloistein.
John Torrentius, a native of Amsterdam, was an admirable
artist, but a detestable character. He was not only a profligate,
but impious; and avowedly prostituted his pencil, which he em
ployed on small figures, to the purposes of lewdness and de
bauchery. He came into England in this reign ; but his talents
and his morals were better suited to the seraglio of a Tiberius, or
the court of the second Charles, than that of Charles the First.
He died in 1640, in the fifty-first year of his age.* See more of
him in the * Anecdotes of Painting."
* By the hands of the executioner, for writing heretical books.
OF ENGLAND. ^ 181
; ABRAHAM VANDERDORT. Dobsonp. Cham-
bars sc.from the original at Houghton ; in the <( Anec
dotes of Painting ; " 4to.
ABRAHAM VANDERDORT. Dobson pinx. V. Green;
in the Houghton collection, by mistake inscribed Dob-
son s Father.
Abraham Vanderdort, a Dutchman, who had been for some time
in the service of the Emperor Rodolph II. came into England in
the reign of James I. where he met with great encouragement
from Prince Henry, who had a good taste for the arts. He was,
in this reign, made keeper of the royal cabinet of medals, with a
salary of forty pounds a year ; and had the same salary appointed
him for furnishing drawings for the king s coins, and superintend
ing the making of puncheons and dies : he had also an allowance
of five shillings and sixpence a day, board-wages. He was re
markably excellent at modelling in wax. He hanged himself in
despair, because he could not find a drawing by Gibson, which he
had laid up for the king.*
JOHN VAN BELCAMP. Bannerman sc. 4to. In
the " Anecdotes of Painting."
John Van Belcamp, a Dutchman, was employed under Vander
dort, in copying pictures in the royal collection. The whole
lengths of Edward III. and the Black Prince, over the doors, in
one of the anti-chambers at St. James s, are said to have been
copied by him.f These portraits more nearly resemble each other,
than any of the prints I have seen of them. The whole length of
Edward IV. over the chimney, in another anti-chamber, was also
painted by him ; the face is supposed to have been done from
some ancient original. His copies are thought to be well ex
ecuted. Ob. 1653.
* The original catalogue of diaries the First s collection of pictures, and other
curiosities, drawn up by Vanderdort, is in the Ashmolean Museum.
t I, under the articles of EDWARD and his son, in the first volume, have from
misinformation, raentioned these portraits, by Belcamp, as ancient paintings.
182 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JACOPO BACKER. J. Backer ; Bailleu sc.
A Dutch painter born at Harlington in 1609. His chief resi
dence was at Amsterdam, where he was encouraged as a painter
of history and portraits. Such was his facility that Houbraken
asserts that he finished the half length portrait of a lady, dressed
in troublesome drapery and loaded with jewels, in one day. His
last judgment said to be a grand composition, correctly drawn,
and finely coloured, is in the cathedral of Antwerp. Ob. 1651,
aged 42.
HENRY VANDERBORCHT. Hollar f. 1648;
4to. . 7- H>; fywrpKi alW ,r;i*- V*Ii i
Henry, son of Henry Vanderborcht, a painter at Frankendale in
the Palatinate was employed by the Earl of Arundel to collect cu
riosities for him in Italy. He continued in the earl s service as
long as he lived, and drew and etched many things in his and
the royal collection. After the death of his patron, he was
preferred to the service of the Prince of Wales, afterward Charles
II. He died at Antwerp.
BALTHASAR GERBIER. Vandyckp. Meyssens
eve. 4 to. one of the set of Heads of Artists, published by
Meyssens.
SIR BALTHASAR GERBIER. Vandyck p. T. Chambars
sc. In the " Anecdotes of Painting f 4to.
BALT. GERBIEKUS, JEt. 42, 1634. Vandyck p.
P.S. excud.
There is a neat print of him before " Les E/fets pernicieux de
meschants Favoris," A la Haye, 1653, 12mo.
His portrait, by Dobson, in the same piece with that painter and
Sir Charles Cotterel, is at Northumberland-house.
SirBalthasar Gerbierwas a retainer to the Duke of Buckingham,
and much in his favour. He studied painting and architecture,
OF ENGLAND. 183
and had a superficial knowledge of other arts and sciences. He
painted small figures in distemper; and did a picture of the in
fanta, which was sent from Spain to James I. He owed his
fortune more to his favour with the Duke of Buckingham than to
his merit as an artist. We are informed that he, at his own
house, entertained the king and queen with a supper, which is
supposed to have cost him 1000/.* See Class V. and the next
reign, Class IX.
NICHOLAS LANIERE, an Italian, was, for his various talents,
greatly esteemed by Charles I. He practised music, painting,
and engraving; but his greatest excellence was music. His own
portrait, painted by himself, is in the music school at Oxford. He
etched a considerable number of plates for a drawing-book. He
was a connoisseur in pictures, and had the art of giving modern
paintings an air of antiquity, and putting off copies for originals. f
See the division of Musicians.
GELDORP. Bannerman sc. a small oval, in the
same plate with Van Belcamp.
Though we see the name of Geldrop to the portraits of several
persons in this reign, it, is certain that he seldom drew a picture
himself, but painted upon sketches made by others. This painter,
whose Christian name was George, was a countryman and friend of
Vandyck, who lodged at his house, upon his first coming to Eng
land.
SIR TOBIE MATTHEW, who was in Spain with Chariest,
when prince, and the Duke of Buckingham, did a portrait of the
* "Anecdotes of Painting," ii. p. 61, notes, 2d edit.
t It is well known that this art is much improved since Laniere s time. Mr.
Kuapton, the painter, observed at an auction in Italy, that one Paris, a Frenchman,
gave very good prices for bad copies ; upon which he is said to have accosted him
in this manner: " Sir, as I have had some experience in pictures, I take the friendly
liberty to infunn you, that I think you give too much for such as you buy." Paris
thanked him for his kind admonition, and said that he was not altogether without
experience himself; but as he frequently met with such as had none at all, and yet
had a good opinion of their judgment, he was sure of getting considerably by his
purchases. The honourable person, who told me this, informed me, that a near
relation of his, who was long resident in France, laid out 6000/. in pictures at Paris,
which after his death, sold only for what the frames cost him.
184 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
infanta, and sent it to England. There is no doubt but he at
tempted, at least, to paint the beautiful Countess of Carlisle, who,
as Mr. Wood tells us, was " the goddess that he adored." -See
Class IV. See also the " Anecdotes of Painting/
JOHN PETITOT; oval; Eannerman sc. In the
same plate with Sir Toby Matthews and Torrentius,
in the second edition of the " Anecdotes of Painting ;"
4*0. V; ; ,...., 1 I3|:
John Petitot, a native of Geneva, who was never equalled in
enamel, not even by Zincke, was patroniesd by Charles I. and
Lewis XIV. His most celebrated performance is the whole length
of Rachel de Rouvigny, countess of Southampton, copied from a
painting in oil by Vandyck. This, which is in the collection of
the Duke of Devonshire, is styled by Mr. Walpole " the most
capital work in enamel in the world." Several of his English
works in this collection, have much greater merit than those which
he did in France. Ob. 1691, JEt. 84.
PAINTRESSES. ,,
ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI, Romana, famo-
sissima Pittrice, &c. Ademp. H. David sc.
" En Picturse Miraculum invidendum facilius quam
imitandum ;" Svo.
Artemisia Gentileschi is said, by Graham,* to have " drawn
portraits of some of the royal family, and many of the nobility
of England." He does not inform us how long she lived in this
country, where her father, a native of Pisa in Italy, spent the
latter part of his life. Though she is styled Romana, in the
inscription of the print, it is certain that she may rather be called
a Neapolitian, as she resided chiefly at Naples, where she lived in
* Sec his " Essay towards an English School."
" . , OF ENGLAND. * 185
such splendour as could never be maintained by the profits of
her pencil. Her talents in history and portrait, and the gaiety of
her character, were equally known throughout Europe. She seems
to have been the most celebrated paintress of her time.
The Princess LOUISA, daughter of the King of Bohemia, and
niece to Charles I. was justly celebrated as an artist. I shall
only observe here, that in Lovelace s " Lucasta," is a poem.
" On the Princess Louisa drawing." See Class I.
7 ,- A MEDALIST.
JEAN VARIN. N. Edelinck.
John Varin, or Warin, was an eminent medalist in France, but
appears by some works to have been in England, or at least to
have been employed by English agents. In the collection of the
late Mr. West were, 1. Guil. fil. Rob. Ducy, mil. et baronet, set.
suce 21, 1626. 2. Philip Howard,* S. R. E. Card. Norfolk. 3. En-
dymion Porter, eet. 48, 1635. 4. And Marjareta, uxor, set. 25, 1633.
Warin was exceedingly fond of money ; and having forced his
daughter, who was beautiful, to marry a rich and deformed officer
of the revenue, she poisoned herself a few days after the wedding,
saying " I must perish, since my father s avarice would have it
so." See Lord Orford s Painters," &c. Warin died 1675.
STATUARIES.
HUBERT LE SOEUR. Vandyckp. Vansomerf.
4to.
(HUBERT) LE SOEUR. Bannerman sc. 4to. In the
(i Anecdotes of Painting."
This admirable artist, who was a disciple of the famous John
Boulogne, came into England about the year 1630, and was em-
* Purchased by the Duke of Norfolk for 10/. 15s.
t This seems to be the same print as HENUY STOXE.
VOL. III. 2 B
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ployed by the king and the nobility. All that now remain of his
works, but they alone are sufficient to transmit his name with ho
nour to posterity, are the brazen statue of William, earl of Pem
broke, at Oxford, and the equestrian figure of Charles I. at
Charing-cross. The pedestal of the latter, was executed by the
famous Grinlin Gibbons.
NICHOLAS STONE, jim r . a small oval. T. Cham-
bars sc. In the same plate with Nicholas Stone, sen r . See
the former reign, Class X.
Nicholas, son of Nicholas Stone the statuary, was bred up under
his father, and afterward went to Italy to improve himself in his art,
in which he promised to make a very considerable figure. Several
of his models, done abroad after the antique, have been mistaken
for the works of Italian masters. Mr. Bird, the statuary, had the
" Laocoon" and Bernini s " Apollo" by him. He died in 1647.
EDWARD PIERCE, jun r . small; in the same plate
with Edward Pierce, serf.
Edward, son of Edward Pierce the painter, was a very noted
statuary and architect. The statues of Sir Thomas Gresham and
Edward III. in the Royal Exchange, and several busts, particularly
those of Milton and Sir Christopher Wren, were done by him.
The former was in the possession of Vertue the engraver; the
latter is, or was, in the picture gallery at Oxford. He assisted Sir
Christopher in several of his works, and built the church of St.
Clement under his direction. The four dragons on the monument,
were carved by him. Ob. 1698. See " Anecdotes of Painting."
ARCHITECTS.
IGNATIUS JONES, Mag. Brit, architects
generalis. Vandyck p. Hollar f. Before his i( Most
notable Antiquity of Great Britain, vulgarly called
Sionehenge" <r. a pot folio, 1655.
OF ENGLAND. 187
INIGO JONES. Vandyckp. Spilsbury f. h. sli. mezz.
This is unlike all the other prints of him. Quaere if
genuine.
INIGO JONES. Van Vorst (or Voerst)sc. large 4to.
INIGO JONES. G ay wood f.
INIGO JONES. Bannerman sc. In the " Anecdotes of
Painting f
INIGO JONES, " architector Mag-nee Britannise.
F. Villamoenaf. h. sh.
INIGO JONES ; 4to. P. Rothwell sc. In Malcolm s
(i Lives of Topographers ;" 4to.
His head, by Vandyck, is at Houghton.
Inigo Jones, who, as an architect, would have done honour taany
age or nation, had a true taste for whatever was great or beautiful
in his art. His talent for design began to display itself early, and
recommended him to the notice of the Earl of Arundel,* who sent
him to Italy to study landscape. In that ample theatre of the
arts, his genius, with which himself had been unacquainted, was
soon awakened by architecture. His progress in his beloved study
was suitable to the strength of his parts, and the vehemence of
his inclination; and he, in a few years, saw himself at the head
of his profession, and in possession of its highest honours. The
Banqueting-house at Whitehall, which is his capital work, was
erected in the late reign. This has been pronounced, by judicious
foreigners, the most finished of the modern buildings on this side
the Alps;t and is itself a study of architecture. Of private
houses, the Grange, in Hampshire, is one of his completest struc
tures. He has written a book to prove that Stone-Henge was a
* Some say that William, earl of Pembroke, was his patron.
t This was the opinion of Mons. d Azout, a famous French architect, who was
seventeen years in Italy, at different times, to improve himself in the knowledge of
architecture. He was in England about the year 1685. See Lister s " Journey to
Paris," p. yp.
188 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Roman temple, as Dr. Stukely has done to prove it a temple of
the Druids; future writers will, probably, start new hypotheses,
founded upon as much, or as little probability, as the arguments
of either. Ob. 21 July, 1651.
A CHASER AND MODELLER. of)ixl
THEODORE ROGIERS. Vandyck p. P.Clouet
sc. One of the set of Heads after Vandyck ; h. sh.
Theodore Rogiers chased some fine pieces of plate with poetic
stories, for the king. There is a print by James NeefFs, of a
magnificent ewer which he modelled for him, after a design of
Rubens ; it represents the judgment of Paris.
ENGRAVERS. "* " V;
LUCAS VORSTERMANS (vel VORSTERMAN),
chalcographus, in Geldria natus. Ant. Vandyck f.
aguaforti. This is one of the valuable etchings done by
Vandyck 9 s own hand. I think there are, at least, sixteen
of them.
LUCAS VORSTERMANS. Vandyck p. L.Vorstermans,
junior, sc. h.sh.
Luke Vorsterman,* an admirable Dutch engraver of history and
portrait, was about eight years in England. He engraved a con
siderable number of historical pieces after Rubens and Vandyck,
and much in the style of these great masters. One of his best
performances, which was done after a painting of the latter, is
the Virgin supporting the dead body of Christ. The original,
which was lately purchased by the Earl of Exeter, is at Burghley-
house : it is about the same size with the print. The finest Eng
lish portrait that I have seen of Vorsterman s engraving, and
which I believe is exceeded by none of his numerous works, is that
He sometimes spelt his name Vostcrman, as it \vas pronounced.
OF ENGLAND. 189
_
of Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk, with the staves of earl-
marshal and lord-treasurer, after a painting of Hans Holbein.
He had a son of both his names, who was an engraver ; but he
was inferior to his father.
ROBERT US VAN VOERST (vel VORST), chal-
cographus. Vandyckp. R. Van Voerst sc. h. sh.
ROBERT VAN VOERST. Vandyckp. T.Chambars sc.
In Mr. Walpole s (C Catalogue of Engravers."
ROBERT VAN VOERST. G. Barratt sc.
Robert Van Voerst was an excellent engraver of portraits; and,
in this branch of his art, the rival of Vorsterman, but somewhat
inferior to him. His large head of the Queen of Bohemia, en
graved from a painting of Gerard Honthorst, by command of
Charles I. was esteemed his best work. His own portrait, above
described, which is among those of the artists by Vandyck, is
finely executed.
WINCESLAUS HOLLAR, M. 40, 1647; ipsef.
small 4 to. His coat of arms underneath.
WINCES LAUB HOLLAR. Meyssens p. Hollar f.
4to. Among the Heads of the Artists published by
Meyssens.
WINCESLAUS HOLLAR; ipsef. small.
WINCES LA us HOLLAR; a small oval, engraved by
Vertue, in the title to the Catalogue of his Works, com
piled by the same hand. Lond. 1745 ; 4to.
To this catalogue is subjoined an account of his life.
This excellent engraver has perpetuated the resemblance of a
thousand curiosities of art and nature, which greatly merit our at
tention. We, in his works, seem to see buildings rising from their
ruins; and many things now in a state of decay, or dissolution,
190 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY -
appearing in all their original beauty. He has enriched the " Mo-
nasticon" with a great variety of elegant engravings of our an
cient cathedrals and ruins of abbeys. We have the inside and
outside of the old church of St. Paul by his hand ; we seem to
walk in that venerable structure ; and, with a pleasing melancholy,
survey its tombs, and dwell on their inscriptions, and are led to
the thoughts of our own mortality. His perspective views and
his portraits are the most numerous, his muffs and insects the
most remarkable for the beauty of the engraving, and his shells
the scarcest of his estimable works. The merit of this ingeni
ous and industrious artist was never sufficiently valued in the reign
of Charles II. He died as poor as if he had lived in a country of
Barbarians, in the year 1677. But it should here be remembered
that, though Hollar was a good engraver when he took pains, a
great number of his performances are but very slightly executed.
The Dutchess-dowager of Portland has a complete collection of his
etchings in twelve volumes folio. There is also a very valuable
collection of them in the King s Library, which belonged to William
III. The author of a late "Essay upon Prints" has, by no
means, done justice to Hollar in the first edition of his book:
see what he says of him in the preface to the second edition.
SIR EDMUND MARMION. Gifford sc.
Sir Edmund Marmion was a gentleman of fortune, who some
times engraved for his amusement. The author of the essay,
mentioned in the foregoing article, informs us, that "he etched
a few portraits in the manner of Vandyck, and probably from him,
in which there is great ease and freedom, and that he has put
his name only to one of them. This appears to be that of
George Tooke, esq. of Popes, in Hertfordshire. See TOOKE, Class
VIII.
MUSICIANS*
HENRY LAWES; two angels holding a chapkt
over his head ; Svo.
* I have placed musicians, who belong to one of the liberal arts, after engravers,
as method requires that the arts which depend upon design should go together.
OF ENGLAND. 191
HENRY LA WES. Faithornef. Svo.
HENRY LA WES ; in a circle; C. Grignion ; in Sir
John Hawkins s "History of Music."
HENRY LAWES. W. Richardson.
Henry Lawes, who was the Purcell of his time, was servant to
Charles I. in his public and private music. He set some of the
works of almost every poet of eminence, in this reign, to such
music as pleased the most judicious ears. Several of the Lyrics
of Waller and the " Comus" of Milton were set by him; and
both these poets have paid him due honour in their verses. In
the time of the rebellion, he taught ladies to sing,* and, upon
the restoration, was restored to his places. He compose d a
considerable number of psalm tunes in " Cantica sacra," for
three voices and an organ. Many more of his compositions are
to be seen in " Select Aires and Dialogues," in " The Treasury
of Music," and the " Musical Companion. Ob. Oct. 1662.
William Lawes, his brother, was, by some, thought even his superior.
He was a scholar of Giovanni Coperario,a famous Italian musician;
and, as Dr. Fuller tells us, made above thirty several sorts of
music for voices and instruments ; neither was there any instru
ment, then in use, but he composed to it so aptly, as if he had
studied that only.f He was a commissary under General Gerard
in the civil war; and, to the great regret of the king, was
killed at the siege of Chester, the 26th of Sept. 1645. In the
music school, at Oxford, are two large manuscript volumes of
his works in score, for various instruments. In one of them are
his original compositions for masques, performed before the king,
and at the inns of court. In the same school is an original por
trait of his brother Henry.
NICHOLAS LANIERE. /. Lyvyus p. Vorster-
man sc. h. sh.
* Manuscript Account of Musicians, by A. Wood, in Ashmole s Museum.
t " Worthies," in Wilts, p. 157.
192 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
NICHOLAS LANIKBE. J. Lyvyus p. Chambars sc.
In the " Anecdotes of Painting ; 4to. Copied from
the above.
At the Grange, in Hampshire, the seat of the Henleys was a
fine portrait of him by Vandyck. It was the sight of this picture
that determined the king to employ that excellent painter.
Nicholas Laniere, who has been mentioned under a former divi
sion of this Class, was one of the private music to Charles I.*
He, together with Ferabosco, another Italian, composed the sym
phonies to several of the masques performed at court, which were
written by Ben Jonson, the laureat. He also set to music
several songs and hymns by the poets of this time ; particularly
a vocal composition for a Funeral Hymn on the King, his much-
lamented master, written bv Thomas Pierce. Several of his
j
works are in the " Select Aires and Dialogues/ Lond. 1653.t
JAMES GOUTER ; holding a double lute in his
left hand. The print is thus inscribed: "Jacobo
Goutero, inter regies Magnse Britannise Orpheos et
Amphiones, Lydise, Dorise, Phrygise testudinis Fidi-
* In the reign of James I. lie was employed, both as a composer and a performer,
in the grand masque exhibited in the Banqueting-house at Whitehall, at the Earl of
Somerset s wedding. The masquers were of high rank ; namely, the Duke of Lenox,
the Earls of Pembroke, Dorset, Salisbury, and Montgomery; the Lords Walden,
Scroope, North, and Hayes ; Sir Thomas, Sir Henry, and Sir Charles Howard: the
queen herself bore a part in the performance, under her state, being addressed by
the name of " Bel Anna." There is a particular description of this masque in print.|
He painted the scenes, and composed the music, for a masque performed at the house
of the Lord Hay, for the entertainment of the French ambassador, 1617.
t Upon the death of Robert, the second earl of Northington, who died in 1772
unmarried, the family house and estate were sold, as was the collection of pictures,
\>y public auction ; when Laniere s portrait, and Vandyck s sketch of the procession
of the knights of the Garter, mentioned under his article in the "Anecdotes of Paint
ing," were both disposed of; the latter had been previously engraved by subscrip
tion, by Mr. Richard Cooper, drawing-master to the queen. BINDLEY.
$ The curious reader may see " Passages at the Marriage of the Earl of Somer
set," p. 12, &c. of " Finetti Philoxenis ; some, choice Observations of Sir John
Finett (Finet) Knight, and (Assistant) Master of the Ceremonies to the two last
Kings, touching the Reception, &c. of foreign Ambassadors in England," 16o6, 8vo.
This book was published by James Howell.
OF ENGLAND. 193
cini, et Modulatorum Principi : hanc e penicilli sui
tabula, in ses transcriptam effigiem, Joannes Lsevini*
fidse amicitise monumentum consecravit." Joannes
Livius f. et e.rc. k. sh.
The excellence of Gouter s hand on the lute appears from the
above inscription. But he was, perhaps, not superior to Dr. John
Wilson, a gentleman of the king s chapel, and one of his mu
sicians in ordinary ; who, on that instrument, excelled all the
Englishmen of his time. He frequently played before Charles I.
who usually " leaned, or laid his hand on his shoulder," and
listened to him with great attention, t See Wood s " Fasti," II.
Col. 41. See also the reign of CHARLES II.
., WILLIAM HEYTHER. Mus. Doc. J. Caldwall sc.
a circle ; in Hawkins s " History."
William Heyther was a member of the choir of Westminster,
and a gentleman of the chapel royal. He was the intimate
friend of the celebrated Camden, who some time previous to his
death, determined to found a history lecture on the university of
Oxford. Mr. Heyther was commissioned to wait on the vice-
chancellor with the deed of endowment. This gentleman, having
been very assiduous in the study of music, expressed a desire
to be honoured with a musical degree, and accordingly that of
doctor was conferred upon him in May, 1622. He was executor
in Camden s will, and upon his death came in for a considerable
life estate. Ob. 1627, and was interred in the broad or south
aisle adjoining to the choir of Westminster Abbey.
Sic Orig.
t Music was looked upon at this time, as almost an indispensable qualification of
a gentleman. Sir John Hawkins, editor of Is. Walton s " Complete Angler," tells
us, that " formerly a lute was considered as a necessary part of the furniture of a
barber s shop, and answered the end of a newspaper, the now common amusement
of waiting customers; which it could never have done, if music had not been ge
nerally known and practised." The editor applies this observation to the illustra
tion of a passage in Ben Jonson s " Silent Woman." Morose, in Act in. Scene 5.-
of that play, after he had discovered that his supposed wife could talk, and that to
the purpose too, cries out on Cutbeard ; " That cursed barber ! I have married
his cittern, that s common to all men."
VOL. III. 2 C
194 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHN HILTON. J. Caldwall sc. a circle; in
Hawkins s " History."
John Hilton, bachelor of music, of the university of Cambridge,
was organist of the church of St. Margaret, Westminster. He was
the author of a Madrigal in five parts, and in 1652, published a
valuable collection of catches, rounds, and canons for three
and four voices, under the quaint title of " Catch that catch
can," containing some of the best compositions of the kind. He
died during the usurpation, and was buried in the cloisters of
Westminster Abbey.
WRITING-MASTERS.
RICHARD GETHINGE, writing-master ; slv
English verses. J. Chantry sc.
R i c H A RDU s GETHINGE; in a sheet ofpenmamh ip ;
six English verses; scarce.
Gethinge, a native of Herefordshire, and a scholar of John Da-
vies, the famous writing-master of Hereford, was thought to sur
pass his master in every branch of his art. Dr. Fuller speaks thus
of these dexterous artists : " Sure I am, that when two such tran-
scendant pen-masters shall again come to be born in the same shire,
they may even serve fairly to engross the will and testament of
the expiring universe."* See DAVIES in the former reign.
THEOPHILUS METCALF, master in the art of
short writing; \2rno.
His essay on this art, which is said to have passed thirty-five
editions, had never, in reality, more than one. The editions, as
they are called, are only small numbers taken from the same plates
at different times, and the dates as often altered in the title. The
* " Worthies," in Herefordshire, p. 40.
OF ENGLAND. . 195
first book of short-hand published in England was by Dr. Timo
thy Bright, of Cambridge : it was entitled " Characterie, an Art of
short, swift, and secret Writing:, by Character ;" printed by J. Win-
clet, &c. 12mo 1588, and dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. Bales
was a great adept in the art of secret writing by dashes. John
Willis, a clergyman, who flourished in the reigns of James and
Charles I. originally struck out the method of short-hand, which
has been followed, more or less, by our writers, ever since. Ed
mund Willis, in his "Abbreviation of Writing by Character," 1618,
is said to have improved greatly upon John. Bishop Wilkins, in
the epistle dedicatory to his " Real Character,* printed in 1668,
says, that short writing was invented about sixty years since; he
might have said eighty. This art is, in a manner, our own ; it was
very little known or practised, at this time, in any other country.
Mr. Ashby, president of St. John s College, in Cambridge, has, I
believe, the completest list of short-hand writers extant.
THOMAS SHELTON, J^.46; I2mo. T. Cross sc.
Thomas Shelton was thought to have improved upon Metcalf,
in the art of short writing. His " Tachygraphy," and " Zeiglo-
graphy," were several times printed ; the former was translated into
Latin, for the use of foreigners ; it is entitled, " Tachygraphia ;
sive exactissima et compendiosissima breviter scribendi Methodus,"
&c. Lond. 8vo. 1671. See the Interregnum.
DELIAS ALLEN, apud Anglos, Cantianus, juxta
Tunbridge natus, mathematicis instruments sere in-
cidendis sui temporis artifex ingeniosissimus. Ob.
Londini, mense Martii, 1653." H. Vanderborcht p.
W. Hollar f. h. sh.
Elias Allen, who was sworn servant to Charles I. about the year
1627, was employed by the most eminent mathematicians of his
time. We are informed that he made a horizontal dial, under the
direction of the famous Oughtred, to present to the king,*
* " Biographia," arlic. OUGHTRED.
196 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
"JOHANNES TRADESCANTUS, pater, rerum
selectarum insignem supellectilem, in reconditorio
Lambethiano prope Londinum, etiamnum visendam,
primus institutit ac locupletavit." Hollar /. I2mo.
JOHN TRADESCANT, with his Son, and their Mo
nument. J. T. Smith) 1793.
" JOHANNES TRADESCAXTUS, filius, genii inge-
niique paterni verus Hseres, relictum sibi rerum
undique congestarum Thesaurum, ipse plurimum
adauxit, et in museo Lambethiano, amicis visendum
exhibet." Hollar f. 12;?z0.*
JOHN TRADESCANT, with his Father, &c. J. T.
Smith.
In the Ashmolean Museum are the original paintings of the
father and son, who were both physic gardeners at Lambeth. The
portrait of the former was done in his lifetime, and also after his
decease. I saw a picture, at a gentleman s house in Wiltshire,
which was not unlike that of the deceased Tradescant, and the in
scription, which was strictly applicable to it.
Mortuus baud alio quara quo pater ore quiesti,
Quam facili frueris nunc quoque nocte doccs.
Both these heads are prefixed to the " Museum Tradescantianum,"
1656, 12mo. which is digested under the following heads : 1. Birds
with their eggs, &c. 2. Four-footed beasts. 3. Fish. 4. Shells.
5. Insects. 6. Minerals. 7. Fruits, drugs, &c. 8. Artificial cu
riosities. 9. Miscellaneous Curiosities. 10. Warlike instruments.
11. Habits. 12. Utensils, and household stuff. 13. Coins. 14. Me
dals. To this is subjoined a catalogue of his plants, and a list of
his benefactors.
John Tradescant, who was either a Fleming or a Dutchman,
and gardener to Charles I. travelled over a great part of Europe,
and into the eastern countries ; chiefly with a view of improving
* This head may be placed in the Interregnum.
OF ENGLAND. 197
himself in natural science. He was the first man, in this kingdom,
that distinguished himself as a collector of natural and artificial
curiosities, and was followed by his son in the same pursuit. He,
as Parkinson informs us, introduced a considerable number of
exotic plants into England, and made it appear that, with due care
and cultivation, almost any vegetable of the known world may be
taught to thrive in this climate.*
John Tradescant the son and his wife joined in a deed of gift,
by which their friend Mr. Ashmole was entitled to this collection,
after the decease of the former, f It was accordingly claimed by
him ; but the widow Tradescant refusing to deliver it, was com
pelled by a decree of the court of Chancery. She was soon after
found drowned in a pond, in her own garden. {
The late Mr. James West told Mr. Bull, that one of the family
of Roelans, of which there are four or five prints by Hollar, lived a
long while at Lambeth, in the house that afterward belonged to
John Tradescant, to whom he sold it. Under the head of JAMES
ROELANS, arc ornaments of fruits and /lowers denoting his love of
gardening. Granting Mr. West s assertion to be a fact, I should
conclude that this is the person. His head was done at Antwerp,
in 1648.
WILLIAM STOKES. G. Glover f. a small oval,
under which are eight Latin verses. Copied by W+
Richardson.
This man was a rope-dancer, and author of "The Vaulting
Master, or the Art of Vaulting reduced to a Method, comprised
under certain Rules," &c. to which is prefixed his portrait, with
many curious prints, representing his different feats on horseback,
which appear very extraordinary.
THOMAS CECILL ; from a drawing in the posses
sion of Mr. Robert Grave, formerly Mr. William
Oldys\\ R. Grave, jun. sc. Svo.
* See this, and more, in Dr. Ducarel s curious letter to Dr. Watson, in vol. Ixiii.
of " Philos. Transact." where, in tab. iv. and v. p. 88, are views of his tomb.
t See Ashmole s " Diary," p. 36.
* See Sir John Hawkins s edition of Walton s " Complete Angler."
This very interesting and curious drawing, contains twelve neat y executed
198 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Mr. Evelyn, speaking of the English engravers, says of Cecill,
that he engraved heads, from the life, and was little inferior, for
the excellence of his " burin," or graver, and happy design, to
any of the greatest Italian, French, or Flemish artists. In the pre
sent instance, Mr. Evelyn, after having spoken of the most cele
brated engravers of the age in which he lived, and of Nanteuil, in
particular, must be said to have decided too hastily at least ; when
he added, that in " excellency of the burin" Cecill was little inferior
to him, or any of those masters he had mentioned before. The art
of engraving was certainly at this period very low in England ;
whilst, on the continent, it flourished in its meridian splendour.
Cecill s plates in general are very neatly executed, the best of
which are his portraits, some of which possess great merit, parti
cularly
Thomas Curie, bishop of Winchester; a small upright plate.
Thomas Kederminster, of Langley ; small 8vo. dated 1628.
John Weaver ; prefixed to his Funeral Monuments, 1634.
Sir John Burgh, who was killed at the Isle of Rhee ; small
quarto, the scarcest of his performances.
SIMON DE PASSE ; from a drawing in the pos
session of Mr. Robert Grave, formerly Mr. William
Oldys. R. Grave, jun. sc. Octavo.
Simon de Passe was the third son of Crispin de Passe a cele
brated engraver, a native of Utrecht, and learned the art of engrav
ing from his father, and imitated his style with great success. He
was employed by Nicholas Hilliard to engrave counters of the royal
family. His portraits constitute the best and largest part of his
engravings; but we have also some devotional subjects, frontis
pieces, and other book plates by him, which are very neatly ex
ecuted. According to Vertue, he resided in England about ten
miniature portraits of early engravers, with the following inscription in the centre :
" In memory of the most considerable Gravers, and Gravers of English heads, from
the most early practice of that art in this nation to the Revolution, this table of
their lively Portraitures, from private Paintings, Public Prints, and traditional De
scriptions, is humbly contributed to the celebrated Collection of Mr. William
Oldys, by Lew s,delincator, 1721."
OF ENGLAND. ; 199
years, and afterward went into the service of the King* of Denmark,
and probably died abroad. His earliest works executed in Eng
land are dated 1603; the following ars reckoned among his most
estimable prints, chiefly from his own drawings.
James the First seated in a chair ; whole length, a half-sheet
print.
Anne, queen to James the First, on horseback, with a view of
Windsor in the back ground ; a small half-sheet print.
Prince Henry, with a lance ; a whole length, a small half-sheet
print.
Robert Carr, earl of Somerset ; in an oval, a small folio print.
Frances, countess of Somerset ; the same.
George Villiers, duke of Buckingham ; the same.
Count Gondamor ; the same.
Sir Walter Raleigh ; the same.
Sir Thomas Smith ; the same.
Also a variety of other portraits relative to England, and several
fine foreign portraits, particularly that of Fred. Henry, prince of
Orange, with emblems ; a whole sheet print, entitled, Liberum
Belgium.
MAGDALEN DE PASSE ; quarto ; very rare.
MAGDALEN DE PASSE; a copy from the above;
Svo.
This ingenious lady was the daughter of Crispin de Passe, from
whom she learned the art of engraving, and practised it with great
success, though her works are not equal to those of her brothers.
She worked with the graver only, in a neat but laboured style. In
two or three small subjects, which she has engraved from Elsheimer,
she has attempted the style of Count Gondt; but she has not pro
duced the same neatness of colour, and forcible effect ; they how
ever possess great merit. The principal works, from her hand, are,
Catherine, marchioness of Buckingham, with a feather- fan in her
hand ; a small quarto print.
The four Seasons ; small upright plates, from designs by her
father.
Cephalus and Procris, Salmacis and Hermaphroditus, dated 1623,
and Latona changing the Lycian peasants into frogs ; with some
200 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
,
other subjects, from Ovid s Metamorphoses ; small plates, length
ways, from Elsheimer, Pinas, and other masters.
A set of Landscapes ; middle-sized plates, lengthways, from Row
land Savery, and A. Willeres, among which is a Storm with a
Shipwreck.
JOHN PAYNE ; from a drawing in the possession
of Mr. Robert Grave, formerly Mr. William Oldys\
R. Grave sc. Svo.
Payne was a scholar of Simon Pass, and the first Englishman
that distinguished himself by the graver. Had his application been
equal to his genius, there is no doubt but he would have shined
among the first of his profession ; but he was idle, and though re
commended to King Charles, neglected his fortune and fame, and
died in indigence before he was forty. There is a thin volume in
octavo, called " Good-Friday," containing meditations on that day,
and printed in 1648 ; to which are annexed some poems, under the
title of Calanthe, by T. Rawlins. Among them is an epitaph on
John Payne, then lately deceased ; " Yet had we a Payne for his
ship," some heads from the life, especially that of Dr. Alabaster,
Sir Benjamin Rudyard, and several others. The ship was a print of
the Royal Sovereign, built in 1637, by Phineas Pett. It was en
graved on two plates joined, three feet long, two feet two inches
high. The head of Dr. Alabaster truly deserves encomium, being
executed with great force, and in a more masterly style than the
works of his master. It was taken from a painting by Cornelius
Jansen.
From this artist s hands, we have the following portraits :
Alderman Leate ; an oval, with verses.
Roger Bolton ; an oval, with four Latin verses, 1632.
Hugh Broughton ; six Latin verses.
Sir Edward Coke, chief-justice, 1629.
Mr. Hobson, with eight English verses.
Christian, duke of Brunswick, &c. trophies ; four English verses.
Robert Devereux (2d) earl of Essex, hat and feather, J. P. neat
little square print.
Henry Vere, earl of Oxford, in the middle of a larger print by
W. Pass, in which, at top, bottom, and sides, are soldiers exercising,
or holding banners, with mottos.
OF ENGLAND. 201
Carolus Ludovicus, princeps elector ; a mere head, without even
the neck.
Algernon, earl of Northumberland ; in the same manner.
Elizabeth, countess of Northumberland.
Dr. Smith, of St. Clement s Danes, M.D.
Henry VII. Henry VIII. Count Mansfield, Bishop Hall, Bishop
Lake, Bishop Andrews, Sir James Ley, chief-justice, George
Withers, the poet, Richard Sibbs, Ferdinand of Austria, Shak-
speare, John Preston, Mr. Arthur Hildersham, William Whitaker,
Francis Hawkins, a boy ; and these particular title-pages, to the
Guide to Godliness ; to the Works of John Boys; to Christian War
fare; to God s Revenge against Murder, and to La Muse Chresti-
enne, du Sieur de Rocquigny, 1634.
G. GLOVER; from a drawing in the possession of
Mr. Robert Grave, formerly Mr. William Oldys". R.
Grave, jun. sc. Svo.
Glover was a native of England, whose labours as an engraver
were chiefly confined to the booksellers. We have a sufficient
number of portraits, drawn and engraved by him, which, though
possessed of no superior excellence in themselves, have been
thought valuable, as conveying the resemblance of many illustrious
personages, who flourished in his time. And, indeed, his portraits
are the best part of his works. If he be not one of the best, he is
certainly far from being one of the worst, of our early English
artists. He worked entirely with the graver, in a bold, open style,
without much taste. His shadows are not properly harmonized
with the lights, which give his engravings a dark, heavy appear
ance. When he departed from the portrait line, and attempted
fancy figures, he failed prodigiously. Of this sort are some of his
frontispieces, and the cardinal virtues, half figures, a set of small
upright plates apparently from his own designs ; his chief portraits
are,
John Lilburne ; a small upright plate.
Lewis Roberts ; a quarto print, dated i637.
Sir Thomas Urquhart ; a small whole length quarto.
Sir Edward Dering ; from C. Jansen, quarto, 16-iO.
John Fox the martyrologist ; small folio.
VOL. III. 2
202 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILLIAM MARSHALL ; from a drawing in the
possession of Mr. Robert Grave, formerly Mr. William
Oldys . R. Grave, jim. sc. Svo.
William Marshall was one of those laborious artists, whose
engravings were chiefly confined to the ornamenting of books ;
and indeed his patience and assiduity is all we can admire, when
we turn over his prints, which are prodigiously numerous. He
worked with the graver only, but in a dry tasteless style ; and
from the similarity, which appears in the design of all his por
traits, it is supposed that he worked from his own drawings after
life, though he did not add the words, ad rivum, as was com
mon upon such occasions. But, if we grant this to be the case,
the artist will acquire very little additional honour upon that
account; for there is full as great a want of taste manifest in
the design, as in the execution of his works on copper. As far
as one can judge from the portraits, which we have by him, he
appears to have begun to engrave early in the reign of James I.
and he was employed by the booksellers, for forty years from the
year 1634. Portraits constitute the best part of his performances;
but we have besides a large number of frontispieces, ornamental
title-pages, and other decorations for books, by his hand ; his
principal prints are,
Alexander, earl of Sterling ; an oval, small folio.
Dr. Donne, when young ; an octavo.
The Rev. Dr. John Taylor ; an oval, quarto.
The Rev John Sym ; the same.
Rev. Josiah Shute ; an oval, in folio.
Sir Thomas Fairfax, on horseback ; a small half sheet.
The Frontispiece to the Arcadian Princess ; in octavo, dated
1635.
The Frontispiece to the Evangelical Harmony, printed at Cam
bridge, in quarto.
The Frontispiece to Virgil s Works, by Ogilby, dated 1649.
MR. DANIEL KNIVERTON ; a small head, in
the frontispiece to Winstanley*s " Loyal Marty rology ;"
1665
OF ENGLAND. .1 203
MR. DANIEL KNIVERTON ; enlarged from the print
above; 8vo.
Mr. Kniverton, who had, previous to the civil war, been a haber
dasher in Fleet- street, afterward attended the court held at Ox
ford, and was retained in the service of the king in quality of a
messenger. The king having put forth several proclamations, for
the adjournment of the term from London to Oxford, which had
been hitherto fruitless, for want of the necessary legal form of
having the writs read in court ; so that the judges at Oxford, who
were ready to perform their duty, could not regularly keep the
courts there; which else they would have done, sent several mes
sengers, of whom Mr. Kniverton was one, with these writs of adjourn
ment to be delivered in court into the hands of the judges, of which
theve were three in number, Justice Bacon in the King s Bench,
Justice Reeve in the Common Pleas, and Baron Trevor in the Ex
chequer. Two of them performed their charges, and delivered the
writs to Justice Reeve and Baron Trevor ; who immediately caused
the messengers to be apprehended.
The houses being informed of it, gave direction " that they
should be tried by a council of war, as spies ; which was done
at Essex-house." The messengers alleged, " that they were
sworn servants to his majesty for the transaction of those ser
vices, for which they were now accused ; and that they had been
legally punishable, if they had refused to do their duties ; the
term being to be adjourned by no other way. Notwithstanding
all which, they were both condemned to be hanged as spies ; and
that such a sentence might not be thought to be only in terrorem,
the two poor men were, within a few days after, carried to the
Old Exchange, where a gallows was purposely set up ; and there
Kniverton was, without mercy, executed Nov. 27, 1643, dying with
another kind of courage than could be expected from a man of
such condition and education. The other, after he had stood some
time under the gallows, looking for the same conclusion, was
reprieved, and sent to Bridewell ; where he was kept long after,
till he made his escape, and returned again to Oxford.
204 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ACTORS.
EDWARD ALLEYN ; whole length, in the gown I
of Master of Dulwich College. 7\ Nugent sc. In
Harding s " Biogr. Mirrour" 1792. ! I
" Biographical Magazine."
Edward Alleyn was born in 1566, in the parish of Allhallows,
Lombard-street. His mother was daughter of James Townley,
esq. of Lancashire. He went on the stage at an early age, and
soon acquired great celebrity in his profession, and was considered
the Roscius of the day. He was the sole proprietor of the Fortune
playhouse, in Whitecross-street, which he built at his own ex
pense, and was also proprietor of a bear garden on the bank-
side, which being the fashionable amusement of the time, pro
bably yielded him as much profit as his theatre. He had the
office of master of the bears, which he held till his death. After
he left the stage he retired to Dulwich, where he built and en
dowed the college for the maintenance of a master-warden, four
fellows, six poor brethren, and six sisters, twelve scholars, six as
sistants, and thirty out-members. The building was finished in
1619, under the direction of Inigo Jones. Ob. 1626, aged 60.
For a particular account see Lyson s "Surrey."
TOM BOND; from an original picture in Dulwich
College. Clamp sc. 4to. In Waldrons " Shakspearean
Miscellany "
Of Bond nothing more is known, but that he acted in Shakerley
Marmion s comedy of Holland s Leaguer, 1632.
To Chapman s BUSSY D AMBOIS, a tragedy, 1641, (first printed
in 1607), is prefixed a prologue; in some respects similar to that
relating to Perkins, on his attempting the part ofBarabas, in which
are the following- linS :
OF ENGLAND. 20. 1 ]
Field is gone
Whose action first did give it name, and one
Who came the neerest to him, is denide
By his gray beard to shew the height and pride
Of D Ambois youth and braverie ; - - - - -
_._..-.__. a third man with his best
Of care and paines defends our interest ;
As Richard he was lik d, nor doe wee feare,
In personating D Ambois, hee le appeare
To faint, or goe Jesse, so your free consent
As heretofore give him encouragement."
It was suggested by the late J. P. Kemble, in whose matchless
collection of old plays was the above-mentioned edition of Bussy
D Ambois ; and who was no less acute in the study on the stage ;
that the above lines allude to, and by the third man is meant, the
j
now-so-little-known Tom Bond. Mr. Kemble was almost certain
that he had met with such information in some old tract, or poem ;
but, not having taken a memorandum, he could not refer to it.
Should this be the fact, we may conclude that Bond was an actor
of some celebrity; nor, were it otherwise, is it likely that his por
trait should have been thought worthy of preservation : had he
lived at a later period, we should, no doubt, have had some informa
tion concerning him from Downes; but for whose Roscius Angli-
canus we should have known little or nothing of some celebrated
actors; many such, in the infancy of the English theatre, having
strutted and fretted their hour upon the stage, are heard of no more,
not having left a reck behind.
RICHARD PERKINS ; from an original picture
in Dulwich College. Clamp sc. 4to. In Waldroris
" Shakspearean Miscellany.*
Richard Perkins was one of the performers belonging to the
Cock-pit theatre, in Drury-lane. His name is printed among those
who acted in Hannibal and Scipio, by Nabbes ; The Wedding, by
Shirley; and The Fair Maid of the West, by Hey wood. After the
playhouses were shut up, on account of the civil wars, Perkins and
Sumner, who belonged to the same house, lived together at Clerk -
enwell, where they died and were buried. They both died some
years before the restoration.
In " The Prologue to the Stage at the Cock-pit," spoken before
200 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the representation of Marlow s Jew of Malta, in which the famous
Edward Alleyn had originally performed the character of Barabas,
now attempted by Perkins, this apology for him appears :
" nor is t hate
To merit in him who doth personate
Our Jew this day, nor is it his ambition
To exceed, or equal, being of condition
More modest; this is all that he intends,
(And that too at the urgence of some friends)
To prove his best, and, if none here gainsay it,
The part he hath studied, and intends to play it."
Wright, in his Historia Histrionica, says, "Those of principal note
at the Cock-pit, were Perkins, Michael Bowyer, Sumner, William
Allen, and Bird, eminent actors, and Robins, a comedian." By
this distinction Wright seems to have appropriated the title of
actor to a performer of tragic characters.
At the conclusion of Webster s White Devil, 1631, is the follow
ing eulogium on Perkins.
" For the action of the play, twas generally well, and I dare
affirme, with the joint testimony of some of their owne quality (for
the true imitation of life, without striving to make nature a mon
ster), the best that ever became them ; whereof, as I make a general!
acknowledgement, so in particular, I must remember the well ap
proved Industrie of my friend Master Perkins, and confesse the
worth of his action did crowne both the beginning and end." There
is great intelligence in his countenance, which is very expressive ;
and, if the face be an index of the mind, we may reasonably sup
pose that he felt and pourtrayed the passions like another Alleyn.
Perkins wrote a copy of verses prefixed to Heywood s " Apology
for Actors/
OF ENGLAND. 207
CLASS XL
LADIES, AND OTHERS OF THE FEMALE SEX,
ACCORDING TO THEIR RANK, &c.
ELIZABETHA (MARIA) VILLIERS, ducissa
de Richmond et Lenox. Vandyck p. Hollar f. h. sh.
There is another small print of her ly Hollar, dated
1645.
MARY, dutchess of Richmond and Lenox. Vandyck
p. Bookman f. in the character of St. Agnes, with a
lamb ; h. sh. mezz.
Madame la Duchesse de RICHMONT. Vandyck p.
V under Bruggenf. h. sh. mezz.
MARY, dutchess of Richmond. Vandyck p. W.
Vaillantf. h.sh. mezz.
MARY, dutchess of Richmond ; mezz. J. Gole.
Her portrait is in the famous family-piece, by Vandyck, at
Wilton. There is another of her at Burghley, a good copy, by
Ashfield.
Mary, daughter of George Villiers, the first duke of Bucking
ham of that name. She was thrice married : 1. to Charles, lord
Herbert, son of Philip, earl of Pembroke and Montgomery ; 2.
to James, duke of Richmond and Lenox ; 3. to Thomas How
ard, brother to Charles, earl of Carlisle. She left no issue by
either of her husbands.
^
ANNA D ACRES, comitissa Arundeliae, JEt. 69,
1627; a patch on her temple ; 4to. Hollar f. rare.
208 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANNA D AciiEs, countess of Arundel; profile;
12mo. W. Hollar. [ : " -
ANN D ACRES, countess of Arundel; oval. Thane.
ANNE, countess of Arundel. Gerimla sc. In
" Noble Authors; by Mr. Park, 1806.
Anne Dacre, countess of Arundel, was the eldest of the three
daughters and coheiresses of Thomas, lord Dacre, of Gillesland, who,
together with their brother, who died by an accident,* were wards
to Thomas, duke of Norfolk. That nobleman married to his
third wife, their mother, Elizabeth Leiburne, lady Dacre, and be
stowed her three daughters, who were become great heiresses, on
his own three sons. This lady was the wife of Philip, earl of
Arundel, who died in the Tower, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth;
having been condemned to death like his father, grandfather, and
great-grandfather. By him she was mother of Thomas, earl of
Arundel, the famous collector, for whom Vorsterman drew her
portrait in her old age, and Hollar engraved it.f
ALATHEA TALBOT, &c. comitissa Arundellise
etSurriee, &c. et prima comitissa Anglise. Vamlyckp.
Hollar f. 1646; h. sh. a copy ; Svo.
ALATHEA TALBOT, with Eliz. countess of Arun
del ; 2 ovals on one plate. W. Hollar ; scarce.
ALATHEA TALBOT, &c. W. Richardson.
ALATHEA TALBOT, &c. in the same plate with the
Earl of Arundel. See Class II.
* While a boy he was practising to vault on a hobby-horse; he sprung loo far,
pitched on the ground, and fractured his skull. LORD HAIJ.ES.
t The above account is taken from a manuscript inscription under the head, in
the collection of llie Honourable Iloiace Walpole.
OF ENGLAND. 209
Alathea, daughter and coheir of Gilbert Talbot, earl of Shrews
bury, and wife of Thomas Howard, earl of Arundel. The earl
was extremely happy in the virtue and amiable qualities of this
lady, whose taste was, in some degree, similar to his own. She
even entered into his favourite amusements, but was never known
to carry them to excess.*
ELIZABETH, late countess of Kent; a small oval;
before her "Receipts"
ELIZABETH, countess of Kent; small oval. Fai-
thorne sc. Jine and rare.
ELIZABETH, countess of Kent; in an oval of foli
age ; to "Search in Physic" fyc. 1659. (Chantry.}
scarce.
ELIZABETH, countess of Kent ; in a small oval;
her hair combed straight on the forehead, broad tucker
round her neck. Ferd. Ferd. pinx. W. Hollar. An
other in the manner of Gay wood.
Elizabeth, second daughter and coheir of Gilbert Talbot, earl
of Shrewsbury, and wife of Henry de Grey, earl of Kent. She was
sister to Alathea, countess of Arundel, above mentioned. There
goes under her name, a book entitled " A choice Manuall of rare
and select Secrets in Physic and Chirurgery, by the Right Honour
able the Countess of Kent, late deceased; the 12th edit. 1659,
12mo. But her being an author was the least valuable part of her
character ; she was a lady of uncommon virtue and piety. She
died at her house in White Friars, the 7th of Dec. 1651. This
lady was a different person from Elizabeth, countess of Kent,
who cohabited with Mr. Selden, and left him a considerable
fortune.
* I scarce ever heard of a lady infected with the pedantry of the " V/rtu," or in
deed of any thing else. Wycherly, in his "Plain Dealer," has drawn the character
of the widow Blackacre, as a great law pedant; but this is supposed to be the cha
racter of his own father.
VOL. III. 2
210 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ELIZABETH, nuper comitissa Huntingdon ; two
angels holding a coronet over her head. Marshall sc.
4/0. There is a neat print of her, by J. Payne, before a
Sermon preached at her funeral, by J. F. at Ashby de la
Zouchy in the county of Leicester, Feb. 9, 1633.
ELIZABETHA, nuper comitissa Huntingdon; two
angels holding a coronet over her head. W. Richard
son.
Elizabeth, youngest of the three daughters and coheirs of Fer-
dinando Stanley, earl of Derby. She died the 20th of January,
1633. The Lord Viscount Falkland wrote an epitaph on this excel
lent lady. The following lines are a part of it:
The chief perfections of both sexes join d,
With neither s vice, nor vanity combin d, &c.
ELIZABETH, countess of Southampton. Vandych
p. R. Tompson exc. In the collection of the Earl of
Kent;* whole length ; h. sh. me.zz.
This lady, styled the fair Mrs. Vernon, and celebrated for her
beauty in the curious letters of Rowland Whyte, in the " Sidney
Papers," was the daughter of John Vernon, of Hodnet, in Shrop
shire, esq. She espoused Henry, earl of Southampton, distin
guished by his sufferings in adhering to the person and fortunes
of the famous Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, the favourite of
Queen Elizabeth; having engaged with him in the unhappy insur
rection in London, February the 8th, 1601, related at large by
Camden, and other historians, and which, but for the clemency
of that princess, had cost him his life. Her second son Thomas
succeeded to the title of Earl of Southampton, and became lord
high-treasurer of England ; her eldest son James deceasing in
the lifetime of his father. Her three daughters, Penelope, Anne,
and Elizabeth, married ; the first, William, lord Spencer, of Worm-
leighton ; the second, Robert Wallop, of Farley, in the county of
* There h an excellent portrait of her by Cornelius Jansen at Sherburn Cast/e.
OF ENGLAND. 211
Southampton, esq. son of Sir Henry Wallop ; and the last, Sir
Thomas Estcourt knt. one of the masters of the high court of
Chancery.*
RACHAEL 3 countess of Southampton. Vandyck p.
M c . Ardell f. 1758 ; whole length ; sh. mezz. from
the original In the collection of the Lord Royston and
the Marchioness Grey. It is now Lord HardwicK s . She
is drawn with a globe, sitting in the clouds., and is said
to have been mad. Petitot sjine enamel, in the Duke of
Devonshire s collection, was copied from this picture of
Vandyck. It is allowed to be the most capital work of
its kind in the world.
We are informed by Sir William Dugdale, that this lady was of
French extraction, and first espoused Daniel de Masseu, baron
of Ruvigny; after whose decease, she became the consortf of
Thomas, earl of Southampton, lord high-treasurer of England, in
the reign of Charles the Second. She bore to her lord two sons,
Charles and Henry, who died young; and three daughters, Eli
zabeth, married to Edward Noel, son of Baptist, viscount Camp-
den; Rachel, first married to Francis, lord Vaughan, son and heir
to Richard, earl of Carbery, in Ireland, and afterward to William,
second son to William, lord Russell; from whom the present Duke
of Bedford is lineally descended ; and Magdalen, who deceased in
her infancy. I
ANNA, comitissa de Bedford. Vandyck p. P.
Lombart sc. h. sh.
* This article was communicated by Dr. Campbell, whose excellent biographical
writings are well known.
t The daughter of this Elizabeth was married to the first Duke of Portland ; and
from the same Elizabeth, and her sister Rachel, the Dukes of Portland and Bedford,
enjoy the great inheritance of the Earls of Southampton. LORD ORFORD.
| The above account of this lady was also communicated by Dr. Campbell. See
what is said of her in Dugdale s " Baronage." See also the Introduction to Lady
Rachel Russet s "Letters, p. 61.
In the " Strafford Letters," vol. i. p. 337, mention is made of this lady s intro
duction at court, with some curious particulars relating to her person and character.
212 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ANNE CARRE, countess of Bedford. H. Meyer sc.
1816. From the original of Vandyke, in the collection of
the Earl of Egremont ; in Lodge s "Illustrious Por
traits"
Anne, countess of Bedford, was sole daughter and heir of Robert
Carr, earl of Somerset, by Frances, eldest daughter of Thomas
Howard, earl of Suffolk, who married to her first husband Robert
Devereux, earl of Essex, from whom she was divorced. This Lady
Anne was wife of William Russell, earl of Bedford, who was
created duke 1694;* but she did not live to partake of that
honour. She died the 10th of May, 1684, in the 64th year of
her age. I have been informed, that this Countess of Bedford
was so ignorant of her mother s infamy as to have called it a
calumny, when she accidentally met with an account of it in a
book which fell into her hands, after she was a woman grown.
N.
MARGARET (ELIZABETH), countess of Essex;
black feather at her ear. Hollar f. I2mo.
MARGARET (ELIZABETH), countess of Essex ;
oval. W. Richardson.
Elizabeth, countess of Essex, was second daughter to Sir
William Paulet, of Eddington, in Wiltshire, by his lady, Elizabeth,
* " Marry whom you will," said the old lord to his son, " except a daughter of
Somerset" The son saw a lady at court, fell in love with her; he learned that she
was Lady Anne Carr, the daughter of Somerset! he resolved never to make his
addresses to any other woman, and his father consented to the hated union. The
old lord was seized with the small-pox, a disease fatal to the Russel family. His
own children fled ; his daughter remained with him, caught the distemper, and re
covered, but at the expense of her beauty. LORD H.AILES.
In the " Strafford Letters," &c. published by Knowles, at p. 359, vol. i. is a si
milar account of Lord Bedford s great abhorrence of this match, and at pages 2. 58.
and 86, of vol. ii. is a continuation of this courtship, with many curious particu
lars relating thereto, it being long in hand for the cause above assigned, and partly
as it seems from Lord Somerset s want of money to make up a suitable portion for
his daughter. At length in 1637, owing in some measure to the king s interposition
in favour of the match, and the extreme fondness of the young lord and lady for
each other, they were married. BINDLEY.
OF ENGLAND. 213
daughter to Sir John Seymour, and the Lady Susan Paulet, whose
father was the Lord Chedwick Paulet, brother to the Marquis of Win
chester. Her great-grandfather was Sir Henry Seymour, brother
to the Duke of Somerset, lord-protector. The Earl of Essex saw
this lady at the Earl of Hertford s, where he spent his Christmas,
in 1630; and was so charmed with her beauty, and the sweetness
of her manners, that he became deeply enamoured with her ; and
was married to her in the beginning of the following spring. She
had cohabited with him about four years,* when she was accused,
and as it appears to me, very wrongfully, of an adulterous com
merce with Mr. Udall,t who paid his addresses to her sister, whom
he visited at Essex-house. This accusation unfortunately occa
sioned a separation from her husband: but he acknowledged a son
whom she had by him, though he declared, that he was determined
not to own him, if she was not brought to bed by the 5th of No
vember. It was thought very capricious in the earl, that he should
rest his own and his lady s honour, and that of his posterity, upon
the narrow point of a single day; as it required no uncommon reach
of understanding to be informed, that a woman s labour might be
retarded by a multiplicity of accidents. The child, however, hap
pened to be born on that day; but dying in his infancy 4 the house
of Essex became extinct. Arthur Wilson, who was certainly pre
judiced against this lady, seems by no means to have done justice
to her character. She married to her second husband, Mr. after
ward Sir Thomas Pliggons, a gentleman of great merit ; by whom
she had several daughters. This gentleman gives us to understand,
that the injuries which she suffered in her reputation were the effects
of the spleen and malice of her lord s servants, whom she had highly
offended, by introducing order and economy into his family ; and
moreover of the ill-will of Sir Walter Devereux, the earl s near
relation, who had conceived a mortal antipathy against hcr.||
* Higgons s " Fun. Orat." t Or Uvedalc.
t Higgons, ubi supra.
See Wilson s account of his own life, in Peck s " Desiderata Curiosa," vol. II.
|| The Dutchess-dowager of Portland, who did rne the honour to read this work,
before it was sent to the press, was pleased, upon the perusal, to procure me a
manuscript copy of " A Funeral Oration, spoken over the grave of Elizabeth,
countess of Essex, by her husband,^ Mr. Thomas Higgons, at her interment in the
^[ This is part of the epitaph inscribed on the plain flat stone under which she
lies interred : " Orationc funebn, a marito ipio, aniore prisco laudata fuit."
214 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
There is a print by Hollar, which is mentioned by
Vertue, in his Catalogue of the Works of that artist and
called li DOROTHY, countess of Suffolk." She has a
white feather at her ear.
I never heard of any countess of Suffolk of the name of Doro
thy. Susannah, countess of Suffolk, daughter of the Earl of Hol
land, who possessed, with almost every female accomplishment, a
strength of mind and memory rarely found in men, is probably the
lady here meant. She died on the 19th of May, 1649, and was
buried the 29th of the same month, at Walden, in Essex. Her fu
neral sermon, in which great justice is done to her unaffected piety,
as well as her other excellences, was preached by Dr. Edward
Rainbow.
FRANCESCA BRIDGES, Exonise comitissa do-
tissa. Vandyck p. Gull. Faithorne exc. h. sh. This
is one of Faithorne s best portraits, and very scarce.
The original, which represents her aged, and in mourning, is in
the gallery at Strawberry-hill. See some curious critical remarks
on this fine picture in Richardson s " Essay on the whole Art of
Criticism in Painting," p. 59, &c. or at page 184, &c. of his
Works.
cathedral church of Winchester, Sept. 16, 1656, imprinted at London, 1656." As
this pamphlet is extremely rare, I conclude that the copies of it were, for certain
reasons, industriously collected and destroyed ; though few pieces of this kind have
less deserved to perish. The Countess of Essex had a greatness of mind which
enabled her to bear the whole weight of infamy which was thrown upon her ; but
it was nevertheless attended with a delicacy and sensibility of honour which poi
soned all her enjoyments. Mr. Higgons has said much, and I think, much to the
purpose, in her vindication : and was himself fully convinced from the tenor of her
life, and the words which she spoke at the awful close of it, that she was perfectly
innocent. In reading this interesting oration, I fancied myself standing by the
grave of injured innocence and beauty ; was sensibly touched with the pious affec
tion of the tenderest and best of husbands, doing public and solemn justice to an
amiable and worthy woman, who had been grossly and publicly defamed. Nor
could I withhold the tribute of a tear; a tribute which, I am confident, was paid at
her interment, by every one who loved virtue, and was not destitute of the feelings
of humanity. This is what 1 immediately wrote upon reading the oration. If I am
wrong in my opinion, the benevolent reader, I am sure, will forgive me. It is not
the first time that my heart has got the better of my judgment.
OF ENGLAND. 215
FRANCES BRIDGES, countess of Exeter. VanDyck;
John Og borne; 1777.
Frances Bridges, daughter to the Lord Chandos, was first mar
ried to Sir Thomas Smith, of Abingdon, master of the requests, and
Latin secretary to James I.* After his decease, she became the
second wife of Thomas Cecil, the first earl of Exeter of that name,
who died February the 7th, 1622. After the earl s death, she was
falsely and maliciously accused of incest with her son-in-law, the
Lord Ross,f who married a daughter of Sir Thomas Lake, whom he
slighted. This scandalous accusation was accompanied with that
of witchcraft, the great crime of this age, and also with that of an
intention to poison her accusers : these were the Ladies Lake and
Ross. Sir Thomas, who said ** he could not refuse to be a father
and a husband," was artfully persuaded to join with them, in a pro
secution against the innocent countess. King James took great
pains to inquire into the truth of this affair, and discovered such
a complication of forgery, subornation, and perjury, as is scarce
to be paralleled in history. The king sat in judgment upon them
himself, and " compared their crimes to the first plot of the first sin
in Paradise ; the Lady Lake to the Serpent, her daughter to Eve,
and Sir Thomas to poor Adam." Lady Ross, who confessed her
guilt in open court, was pardoned. Sir Thomas and his lady were
fined 10,000/. to the king, and 5000/. to the injured countess.
The last mentioned lady had only one daughter, who died in her
infancy. I
V
ELIZABETHA, comitissa Devonise. Vandyck p.
Lombart sc. h. sh.
This belongs to a set which consists of twelve prints.
* Fuller s " Worthies," in Berks, p. 94.
t Son of Thomas, earl of Exeter, by Dorothy, daughter of Lord Latimer, his first
lady. But, according to Bolton,$ "son of William, earl of Exeter, by Elizabeth,
sole daughter and heiress of Edward, earl of Rutland, his first lady. In right of
his mother, Lord Ross." If Bolton be right in this, the Countess of Exeter in
question must be Elizabeth, sister and coheir of Sir Robert Drury, of Halsted, in
Suffolk, knight.
t Lloyd and other historians, who have told this story, have not mentioned the
name of this Countess of Exeter, but it seemed to me to be clear from dates, that
she was the person. Of this I am now doubtful from the passage just cited.
See his " Extinct Peerage," 1769, 8vo. p. 247.
210 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ELIZABETH CECIL, countess of Devonshire. /. S.
Agar sc. from the original of Van Dyck, in the collec
tion of the Right Hon. the Earl of Egremont ; in Mr.
Lodges " Portraits of Illustrious Persons."
Elizabeth, second daughter of William Cecil, earl of Salisbury
and wife of William Cavendish, the third earl of Devonshire, by
whom she was mother of the first duke. She had also another son
Charles, who died unmarried, about the year 1670; and one
daughter, Anne, who first espoused Charles, lord Rich, only son
to Charles, earl of Warwick ; and afterward John, lord Burghley,
who, on the demise of his father, became earl of Exeter. It is re
markable that this lady accompanied her husband twice to Rome.
Ob. 1689.
CHRISTIAN, countess of Devonshire. J. Hard
ing * delln. Scheneker sc.
Christian, daughter of Edward, lord Bruce, a relation and chief
favourite of James I. by whose recommendation she was married
into the noble family of Cavendish. The king was present at the
ceremony, arid gave her a fortune of 10,000/. The countess was
distinguished as the patroness of the wits of the age, who frequently
assembled at her house ; Waller frequently read his verses there,
and William, earl of Pembroke, wrote a volume of poems in her
praise. Having met with severe domestic losses by the death of
her beautiful daughter, Lady Rich, and her second son the brave
Charles Cavendish, her thoughts became more devoted to national
affairs, and she began to take an active part in the interesting
politics of those times. Being in principles a zealous royalist, she
entertained many of the king s friends at her house, and concerted
measures with them for the restoration. Charles II. on his return
to England, shewed the sense he entertained of zeal for his service,
by frequently visiting her at Rochampton, in company of the queen-
mother, and the royal family, with whom she enjoyed an unusual
intimacy till her death, January, 16, 1674-5. She was buried in
great state, February 14, at Derby.
* The modern artists have got into a very absurd way, when they make drawings
from pictures, of putting their own instead of the painters names.
OF ENGLAND. 217
LUCIA, comitissa de Carlisle. Vandyckp. Lombart
sc. h. sh. A copy by Vertue ; Svo.
LUCY, countess of Carlisle,* &c. Vandyckp. P.
a Gunst sc. whole lengthy large h. sh.
LUCY, countess of Carlisle. Gaywoodf. small.
The original, which was in the Wharton collection, was after
ward in that of James West, esq.
LUCY, countess of Carlisle. V. Dyck ; C. Bailliu.
LUCY PERCY, &c. E. Scriven sc. 1816; from the
original of Vandyck, in the collection of the Right Hon.
the Earl of Egremont ; in Mr. Lodge s " Illustrious
Portraits. "
Lucy, daughter of Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland, and
wife of James Hay, earl of Carlisle. She holds the next place to
Sacharissa in the poems of Waller, and appears there to much
greater advantage than she does in the portraits of Vandyck. It
was not so much the beauty of this celebrated lady, as the sprightli-
ness of her wit, and the charms of her behaviour, that rendered her
an object of general admiration. But her greatest admirers could
not help seeing her vanity and affectation ; yet all were forced to
acknowledge, that if ever these foibles were amiable, they were so
in the Countess of Carlisle.f In 1636, she became a dowager.
Mr. Waller has addressed an elegant copy of verses to her in
mourning. J She died in 1660, and was buried near her father, at
Petworth.
*
* She is erroneously said, in the inscription of the print, to be daughter of Jocc-
line Percy, earl of Northumberland.
t Sir Toby Matthew s fantastic character of her is in Fenton s observations on
Waller s poem, entitled, " The Country, to my Lady of Carlisle." .
t St. Evreraont informs us, that from the inmost recesses of Whitehall, she had a
great hand in animating the faction at Westminster. He could also have informed
us, that she was the reputed mistress of the Earl of Strafford and of Pym. Sir
Philip Warwick speaks thus of her, in his " Memoirs :" "That busy states-
P. 204.
VOL. III. 2 F
218 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MARGARITA, comitissa de Carlisle. Vandyckp.
Lombart sc. Her daughter, a child, is standing by her.
Her portrait is at Woburn- Abbey.
Margaret Russel* was wife of James Hay, the second earl of
Carlisle, and son of the first; by his first wife Honora, daughter of
Lord Denny, j* The earl, her husband, died in October, 1660, when
the title became extinct In 1661, Charles Howard, descended from
a younger branch of the house of Norfolk, w r as created earl of
Carlisle.
ELIZABET, comitissa Warwick. A. van Dyck
pmx. (Pontius.)
ELIZABET, comitissa Warwick, &c. W. Richard
son exc. Svo.
Countess of Warwick. J. Thane exc.
Elizabeth Ingram, daughter of Sir Arthur Ingram, of Temple
Newsam, in Com. Ebor. knt. was the first wife to Robert, fifth earF
of Warwick and Holland. She had several children by the earl,,
and died some years before him.
DOROTHEA, comitissa de Sunderland. Vandyck
p. Lombart sc. h. sh.
DOROTHY, countess of Sunderland, &c. a copy of
the above, by Vertue, who engraved another portrait of
her, in the quarto edition of Waller s "Poems" If is
one of the head-pieces.
DOROTHY SIDNEY, countess of Sunderland. W.
woman, the Countess of Carlisle, who had now changed her gallant from Strafford
to Pym, and was become such a she saint that she frequented their sermons, and
took notes," &c.
* Daughter to the Earl of Bedford. LORD ORFORD,
t Dngdale s " Baronage."
OF ENGLAND. . 219
T. Fry; 1816. From the original of Vandyck, in the
collection of the Right Hon. the Earl of Egremcnl ;
in Mr. Lodges " Illustrious Portraits.
There is, at Hall-Barn, a portrait of her by Vandyck, which she
presented herself to Mr. Waller. That at Windsor, which goes
under the name of Sacharissa, is of another countess of Sunder-
land, daughter of George, lord Digby, and daughter-in-law to
Dorothy.
Dorothy, daughter of Robert Sidney, earl of Leicester, was
married to Henry, lord Spencer of Wormleighton, in his minority.
The marriage was consummated at Penshurst, the 20th of July,
1639.* He was created earl of Sunderland the 8th of June, 1643,
and killed the same year, at the first battle of Newbury, in the
twenty-third year of his age. She espoused to her second husband,
Robert Smythe,of Bounds, in the parish of Bidborough, in Kent, esq.
whom she survived. She had issue by him, Robert Smythe, go
vernor of Dover Castle, in the reign of Charles II. Henry, son of
this Robert, was father of Sir Sidney Stafford Smyth, lord chief
baron of the Exchequer. f
This truly amiable lady, who affected retirement, and was never
vain of that beauty, which has rendered her fame immortal, was
celebrated by Waller, under the name of Sacharissa. J When
she was far advanced in years, and had outlived every personal
charm which had inspired the poet in his youth, she asked him in
raillery, " when he would write such fine verses upon her again V
ft Oh, madam!" said he, " when your ladyship is as young again."
* See an elegant and spirited letter written on this occasion, by Waller, in bis
4< Life," before his works.
t Collins s "Peerage," vol. i. p. 381, edit. 1768.
$ Fenton, in his observations on Waller, speaking of this name, says, that it
* recalls to mind what is related of the Turks, who, in their gallantries, think Sucar
Birpara,i.e. Bit of Sugar, the most polite and endearing compliment they can use
to the ladies."
An ingenious correspondent has observed, that Waller s repartee would have
been better, if he had said, " When we are both young again :" the reflection upon
.the lady s age only is very unlike the politeness of Waller.||
II Probably Waller meant to mortify her, for the disregard of him when she was
young; the time of Jl altering and being flattered, was gone by in both of them.
BINDLEY.
220 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
She survived her lord about forty years, and was buried with him in
the same vault, at Brington, in Northamptonshire, the 25th of Fe
bruary, 1683-4.
CHARLOTTE DE LA TREMOUILLE, countess
of Derby. Nugent sc.
CHARLOTTE, countess of Derby; fol. Gardiner sc.
4to. ; : ; , V >a
This lady, a woman of very high and princely extraction, being
daughter of Claude, duke of Tremouille in France, by Charlotte,
daughter of William, first prince of Orange, and Charlotte of Bour
bon, was wife of that truly heroic loyalist, James, the seventh earl
of Derby, who was cruelly put to death by the rebels in 1651.
This lady behaved with great and exemplary prudence, dexterity,
and honour, in all affairs of life; and was remarkable for her gallant
defence of Latham-house in 1644, when it was besieged by the
parliament forces. Sir Thomas Fairfax offered her honourable
terms ; she answered, she was under double trust to her king, and to
her husband, and that -without their leave she could not give it up.
Orders were given by Fairfax for a formal siege : after many sallies
of incredible valour, under the countess s orders, which were won
derfully successful, and after a four months siege, and the loss of
two thousand men of the assailants, Colonel Rigby, their com
mander, sent the countess a rude summons, to which she returned
this answer : u Trumpet, tell that insolent rebel Rigby, that if he
presume to send another svmmons within this place, I will have the mes
senger hanged up at the gates." This incomparable heroine, retired
with her husband to the Isle of Man, until it was betrayed by one
who had been her own servant ; who having corrupted the inhabit
ants, seized on her, and her children, and kept them prisoners,
without any other relief than what she obtained from the charity
of her impoverished friends, until the restoration. She died in
1663, and was buried at Ormskirk.
ANNA SOPHIA, comitissa de Caernarvon.
Vandyck p. Lombart sc. h. sh. There is a large head
of this lady, by Baron, which, front its size, seems to
OF ENGLAND. 221
have been engraved from a tracing* taken from Va ti
dy ck"s picture of the Pembroke family at Wilton.
ANNA SOPHIA, countess Caernarvon, V. Dyck;
W. Hollar ; small.
ANN, countess Caernarvon. V. Dyck ; Morln sc.
Anna Sophia, eldest daughter of Philip, earl Pembroke, and
wife of Robert Dormer, earl of Caernarvon ; a nobleman of great
hopes, who was killed at the battle of Newbury, the. 20th of Sept.
1643. Both their portraits are in the family-piece at Wilton.
FRANCES STUART, countess of Portland. Van-
dyckp. Browne ;| h. sh. mezz.
MARIA (Frances) STUART, &c. Hollar f. 1650,
h. sh. This has been copied, in Svo. by Gay wood.
FRANCES, countess of Portland ; fol. V. Dyck; R.
Gaywood.
Frances Stuart, wife to Jerome Weston, earl of Portland, was
the youngest of the four daughters of Esme, duke of Richmond
and Lenox, who was brother and successor to Lodowick, mentioned
in the preceding reign. She was sister to James, duke of Rich
mond, and the Lords John and Bernard Stuart, of whom I have
before given some account. It may not be improper to observe
here, that the duke, her brother, had a son named Esme, who suc
ceeded his father, as Duke of Richmond, in 1655, and died young
in 1660. He was succeeded by Charles, earl of Lichfield, his
cousin-german, who died in 1672 ; with him the title in this family,
which was of the blood royal of Scotland, became extinct. There is
a print of Frances, countess of Portland, after Vandyck, by Gay-
wood. It is inscribed, by mistake, " Maria Stuart," &c.
* An outline, taken by applying oiled or transparent paper to the painting,
t The name of an engraver and printseller, by whom this print was sold, and
very probably engraved.
222
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
LADY AUBIGNEY ; from a drawing in the King s
" Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
Lady Aubigney, was a woman of consummate policy, and greatly
in the confidence of King Charles I. in whose cause she adventured
so far as to incur the resentment of the parliament, from whom,
she suffered a long imprisonment under the suspicion of being privy
to the design, which had been discovered by Mr. Waller, for which
Tomkins and Challoner had been put to death ; and she had like
wise suffered herself, had she not made her escape to Oxford. Her
husband, Lord Aubigney, was killed at Edge-hill, and she afterward,
with the king s approbation, married the Lord Newburgh; this noble
pair found means to correspond with the king while imprisoned in
the Isle of Wight, and most of the letters which passed between the
king and queen, passed through their hands. They had a cipher
with the king, by which they gave him notice of any thing they
judged of importance, and had informed him of the intended removal
of him from Hurst Castle to London, advising him at the same time
to contrive some method to call at the Lodge at Bagshot in his
way ; having planned a mode for his escape, which however could
not be effected. Lady Aubigney died at the Hague, soon after the
death of the king.
BLANCH, lady Arundel. Noble sc. from a picture
at War dour Castle ; prefixed to Seward s "Anecdotes"
1795. . ; ,-" :" ,iji pi
Lady Arundel (daughter of the spirited Earl of Worcester, who
nobly defended his castle of Ragland) displayed her father s courage
in defence of Wardour Castle, when besieged by Sir Edward Hun-
gerford and Colonel Strode, with a body of men about 1300. When
they summoned the castle to surrender, the Lady Arundel (her hus
band being then at Oxford) refused to deliver it up, and bravely
replied, " that she had a command from her lord to keep it, and she
would obey his command." Her force was only twenty-five fighting
men against their great army ; yet she defended the castle for nine
days, and then surrendered on honourable terms. Ob. October 28,
1649, JEt. 66. See an interesting account hi Seward s " Anec
dotes. *
OF ENGLAND. , 223
. V MARY BEAUMONT, countess of Buckingham ;
from a miniature, in the collection at Strawberry -hill.
Stow sc. 4to.
This lady, whose maiden name was Beaumont, is chiefly remark
able as the mother of the celebrated Duke of Buckingham, who
was assassinated by Felton, at Portsmouth. She was the second
wife of Sir George Viiliers, knight, and, in compliment to the duke
her son, was created countess of Buckingham by letters patent,
dated July 1st, 1618. In the Peerages she is called " daughter of
Anthony Beaumont, of Glenfield, in the county of Leicester, esq."
but Roger Coke, in his " Detection of the Court of James I." on
the authority of his aunt, whose youngest sister was married to
John Viiliers, viscount Purbeck, the eldest son of Sir George, by
Mary Beaumont, throws great doubt on this statement. She had
three sons and one daughter by Sir George ; and being left a widow
in 1606, was afterward twice married; first to Sir William Rayner,
and, secondly, to Sir Thomas Compton.
Lord Clarendon, in his noted story of the ghost of Sir George
Viiliers, has been the means of rendering this lady more known
than she otherwise would have been.
The historian concludes his relation in the following terms :
" Whatever there was of all this, it is a notorious truth, that when
the news of the duke s murder (which happened within a few-
months after) was brought to his mother, she seemed not in the
least degree surprised, but received it as if she had foreseen it; nor
did afterward express such a degree of sorrow, as was expected
from such a mother, for the loss of such a son."
She died the 10th of April, 1632, at her lodgings at the Gate
house, Whitehall, which opened to King-street ; and was interred
with considerable pomp in the abbey church of Westminster, in a
vault under a little chapel in the south aisle of the choir.
LADY FAIRFAX; an etching in an oval. Claussin
fecit; 4 to.
LADY FAIRFAX ; mezz. 4to. Woodburn exc.
Anne, lady Fairfax, fourth daughter of Lord Vere, was brought
up in Holland, and a zealous Presbyterian, but appears to have dis-
224 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
approved of her husband s conduct towards King Charles the
First, at whose trial this lady exclaimed aloud against the pro
ceedings, and the irreverent usage of the king by his subjects ;
insomuch that the court was interrupted ; for, her husband (Lord
Fairfax) being called first as one of the judges, and no answer
being made, the crier called him. a second time, when a voice was
heard to say " he had more wit than to be there," which put the
court into some disorder, and some murmuring was heard. Pre
sently when the impeachment was read, and that expression used
of, " All the good people of England," the same voice, in a louder
tone, answered, " No, nor the hundredth part of them ;" upon
which one of the officers (Col. Axtel*) bid the soldiers give fire
into the box, from whence the presumptuous words were uttered.
But it was quickly discerned that it was the general s wife ; who
was persuaded, or forced, to leave the place. But although she
had concurred in her husband s joining the rebellion, she now ab
horred the work, and did all she could to prevent him from pro
ceeding any farther in it.
FRANCES LADY SEYMOUR, of Trowbridge ;
from the collection at Petworth. Platt sc. InAdolphus s
" British Cabinet ;" 4to. . . . ",.,. # .
Frances, lady Seymour, was daughter and joint-heiress to Sir
Gilbert Prinne, of Allingham, in the county of Wilts : she died
during the lifetime of Lord Seymour, to whom she bore two chil
dren ; Charles, who succeeded to the title, and Frances, who
married Sir William Ducie, afterward lord viscount Down.
CATHARINA HOWARD, excellentissimi duels
Livoxise (Lenoxise) hseredis conjux. Vandyckp. A.
Lommelin sc. h. sh.
CATHARINA HOWARD, &c. V. Dyck ; P. dejode.
Catharine, eldest daughter of Theophilus Howard, second earl
of Suffolk, married first, to George, lord D Aubigne, son of Esme,
* This circumstance was particularly urged against Axtel on his trial, and may
be said to have cost him his life.
OF ENGLAND. 225
duke of Richmond and Lenox, whom she turned Papist to wed ;
and secondly to James Levingston, earl of Newburgh.*
CATHARINA HOWARD, grandchild to Thomas,
earl of Arundel, 2Et. 13. Hollar f. ad vivum, 1646;
I2mo. A reverse of the same.^
LADY CATHARINE HOWARD ; near half length*
Hollar f. 4 to.
CATHARINE HOWARD ; anonymous; nearly front
face ; hair on her neck. W. Hollar, 1650.
CATHARINE HOWARD; anonymous; profile. W.
Hollar, 1648.
CATHARINE HOWARD; very small; an etching;
(Hollar) no name or date; scarce.
Catharine, daughter of Henry, lord Maltravers. She was after
ward married to John Digby, of Gothurst, esq. in Buckinghamshire,
eldest son of the famous Sir Kenelm Digby.
There is an anonymous print of a lady in a fur tippet,
with a jewel at her breast, by Hollar, after Vandyck. It
is dated 1657, and is, as I am informed, called LADY
HOWARD, in the second edition of the Catalogue of
Hollar s Works, p. 82.
CATHARINE, daughter of Arthur, eldest son of
Sir William Usher, knt. wife of Sir Philip Perceval,
knt. (first of that name), married the 16th of October,
* From the information of Mr. Walpole.
t A reverse, or counter-proof, is taken from another proof, fresh printed, and
wet, by passing it through the rolling-press : but, by this means, the strength arid
beauty of the latter is somewhat impaired.
VOL. III. 2 G
226 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
1626, died the 2d of Jan. 1681-2. Faber f. Svo. One
of the set of the Perceval family.*
This lady, who had a numerous issue by Sir Philip, lived to see
two generations descended from herself, to all of whom she, from
her haughty and litigious temper, gave more or less vexation ; and
at length broke off all intercourse with the Perceval family. She
espoused to her second husband the Earl of Castlehaven. See
the " History of the House of Yvery."
JANE, daughter and heiress of Arthur Goodwin,
of Winchendon, in the county of Bucks, esq. mar
ried to Philip, lord Wharton, father to the late Mar
quis of Wharton. A. Vandyck p. P. Van Gunst sc.
large h. sh.
The original, which was at Winchendon, is now at Houghton.
See ARTHUR GOODWIN, Class VIII.
Mr. Hogarth, in the preface to his " Analysis of Beauty," has
censured this portrait! as thoroughly divested of every elegance,**
from Vandyck s ignorance of the waving line, or line of beauty, as a
principle in his art.
PHILADELPHIA, and ELIZABETH WHAR
TON, the only daughters of Philip, lord Wharton,
by Elizabeth, his first lady. A.VanDyckp. 1640;
P. Van Gunst sc. whole lengths ; large h. sh.
PHILADELPHIA WHARTON ;. from the picture in
the Houghton Collection. Dunkarton sc.
The original picture of these two children is in the grand col
lection at Houghton, and is reckoned among the capital pieces of
Vandyck.
In a pedigree of the Wharton family, in Collier s " Dictionary,"
Elizabeth is said to have been an only daughter of Philip, lord
* The print may be placed here, as Philip had employments in England,
t It is there, by mistake, called " a print of the Dutchess of Wharton."
; OF ENGLAND. 227
Wharton, by his first lady, Elizabeth, daughter and heir to Sir
Rowland Wandesford, of Pickhay, in the county of York, attorney
of the court of wards, and to have espoused Robert, earl of Lindsey.
Philadelphia is there said to have been the youngest of his four
daughters, by Jane Goodwin, his second lady ; and to have mar
ried Sir George Lockhart, a famous lawyer, and president of the
session in Scotland, by whom she had a son named George. This
account of the family appears to be true, as there is a print in
scribed, " Philip Lockhart, esq, son of Sir George Lockhart, &c.
by Philadelphia, youngest daughter to Philip, late lord Wharton."
JOAN, lady Hericke. JEtatls sucz 54, July 27,
1632. J. B. ( Basire) sc. In Nichols s " History of
Leicestershire.^
This lady was daughter of Richard May, esq. citizen of London,
and in May, 1596, became the wife of Sir William Hericke. In her
picture she is dressed in a close black gown, richly ornamented
with lace, and fine ruffles, turned up close over the sleeves ; a
large twilled ruff; over her head a black hood, closely laced in
front, thrown open, yet hiding her hair; a watch in one hand, in the
.other a prayer-book ; and at her side hangs a feathered-fan ; on the
picture is painted,
" Art may hir outsid thus present to view,
How faire within no art or tongue can shew."
Of the time of this lady s death, or of the place of her interment,
we find no memorial. Her youngest child was born in 1615; and
in the year following, being then resident in London at a town-
house, and at Richmond as a summer retreat, she wrote some af.
fectionate letters to her husband, whom business had at that time
called to Beaumanor. All that we know of Lady Hericke, after
this period, is by a letter of her eldest son, April 26, 1619, and
another from her niece, Julian Noel, in 1621, and that she was
fifty-four when her portrait was painted in 1632.
ELIZABETHA HARVEY, filia domini Harvey,
baronis Kedbrook. Vandyckp. Hollar f. 1G46; h.s/i.
ELIZABETH HEIIVEY. R< Gay wood fee.
228 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
This lady married John Harvey, of Ick worth, esq. treasurer to
Queen Catharine, consort of Charles II. and died without issue.
SUSANNA TEMPLE, lady Thornhurst, lady
Lister. C.Johnson p. R. White sc. h. sh.
SUSANNA TEMPLE, &c. Svo. W. Richardson.
Susanna Temple was maid of honour to Anne of Denmark,
queen of James I, and esteemed one of the greatest beauties of the
court. Whilst she was in that station, the king presented her, with
his own hand, to Sir Geoffry Thornhurst; and she was drawn in
her wedding habit by Cornelius Jansen. The original portrait is in
the possession of George Gregory, esq. at Harlaxton, near Gran-
tham, in Lincolnshire. John Churchill, duke of Marlborough,
offered a considerable sum for this picture, and Lord Wilmington
was very desirous of purchasing it, but neither of them could pro
cure it. Lady Thornhurst married to her second husband, Sir
Martin Lister, son of Dr. Matthew Lister, physician to Anne of
Denmark, and afterward to Charles I. Dr. Martin Lister was the
issue of this marriage,*
LADY TERESIAf SHIRLEY; a chaplct of roses
on her head, long hair, part of which is braided, and
twined with a rope of pearls; naked breasts, necklace.
Vandyck p. Hollar f. h. sh.
* Dr. Martin Lister, who was one of the most distinguished fellows of the Royal
Society in the reign of Charles II. was author of several books of medicine, and
natural philosophy; and of some occasional pieces in the " Philosophical Transac
tions." The most valuable of his works is his Book of Shells, in two volumes folio ;
which are chiefly engraved from the drawings of his two daughters, now in the
Ashmolean Museum. t He has been ridiculed by Dr. King,$ and others, for his
attention to this beautiful part of natural history. Jupiter has, for much the same
reason, been ridiculed by Lucian.for spending so large a portion of his time in paint
ing the wings of butterflies.
t Her name was Teresia, as appears from Dod s " Church History," vol. ii.
p. 366, and also from Herbert s " Travels."
t This book has been republished, with improvements, by the late Mr. William
Huddesford, keeper of that museum.
See Dr. King s "Journey to London," published under the fictitious name of
Surbiere.
OF ENGLAND. 229
LADY TERESIA SHIRLEY. J.Basire.
There is a portrait of Lady Shirley, with a chaplet of
roses in a border, inscribed " Barbara, dut chess of Cleve
land," 8$c. Sold by John Overton; scarce.
The print, which has only the painter s and engraver s names, is
extremely scarce. Mr. John Barnard had two of them, one of
which he sold to the Dutchess of Portland for three guineas.
There is a portrait of her, in a Persian dress, at Preston-house,
near Brighthelmston ; and whole lengths of her and her husband,
in Persian habits, at Petworth,
This lady, who was wife to Sir Robert Shirley, the famous ad
venturer, was a relation of the Queen of Persia,* and is said to
have been a Circassian. f She is said to have fallen in love with
Sir Robert for his valour, which he signalized in several engage
ments with the Turks, during his residence in Persia. Dr. Fuller
informs us, that her complexion resembled ebony more than ivory
(which does not appear from the print), and that she was herself
very valiant.J In 1612, she came first into England with her hus
band, who was sent hither in quality of ambassador from the Sophi,
and was brought to bed of a child, to whom the queen stood god
mother, and Prince Henry godfather. She must have been quite
young at this time : her portrait was done many years afterward by
Vandyck.
MURIEL LITTLETON, daughter of Lord-chan
cellor Bromley; died 1630; oval; in Nastis "History
of Worcestershire."
Mr s.Muriel Lyttleton, daughter of Lord-chancellor Bromley, may
be called the second founder of the family, as she begged the
estate of King James when it was forfeited, and lived a pattern of
a good wife, affectionate widow, and careful parent, for thirty years,
with the utmost prudence and economy, at Hagley, to retrieve the
* See Finet s " Philoxenis," p. 175, where there is a curious anecdote of Sir
Robert Shirley.
+ It is well known that the Circassians trade in beauties, and that they supply
the seraglios of the Sophi and the Grand Signior.
J " Worthies," in Sussex, p. 107.
It was, perhaps, copied by Vandyck, from an original by a former painter.
Quaere.
230 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
estate and pay off the debts ; the education of her children in vir
tue and the Protestant religion being her principal employ. Her
husband, Mr. John Lyttleton, a zealous Papist, was condemned,
and his estate forfeited, for being concerned in Essex s plot, though
he seems to have had no design to subvert the government, and
was condemned on very slender proofs, amounting to little more
than that he was in the Earl of Essex s retinue, which accompanied
him from Essex-house in a tumultuous manner into the city, which
might have been justly esteemed a seditious riot, but not high-
treason.
ANASTASIA (VENETIA) STANLEY, lady
Digby. Hollar f. 1646. 1<>
LADY DIG BY. J.Oliver; A. Birr ell, 1802.
There is a portrait of her at Althorp, done after she was dead,
by Vandyck. Mr. Walpole has a miniature of her by Peter Oliver,
after the same picture. He has also miniatures of eight other per
sons of the same family. There are two fine busts of her at Mr.
Wright s, at Gothurst, near Newport-Pagnel, Bucks, formerly the
seat of Sir Kenehn Digby ; one of which was engraved by Basire
for Pennant s "Journey from Chester to London," p. 337, and a
view of her monument, as it was in Christ Church, Newgate-street,
but destroyed in the fire of London, is in the "Antiquarian Reper
tory," vol. ii. p. 195, from a drawing in the curious pedigree book
of the Digby family, in the possession of the present noble repre
sentative of that ancient family.
Venetia, daughter and coheiress of Sir Edward Stanley, grand
son of Edward, earl of Derby, and wife of Sir Kenelm Digby. Her
beauty, which was much extolled, appears to have had justice done
it by all the world. It is not quite so clear whether equal justice
were done to her reputation, which was far from escaping censure.
The Earl of Clarendon mentions Sir Kenelm s "marriage with a
lady, though of an extraordinary beauty, of as extraordinary a
fame."* Mr. Skinner has a small portrait of her by Vandyck, in
which " she is represented as treading on Envy and Malice, and is
unhurt by a serpent that twines round her arm/ f Here the his-
\
* " Life of the Earl of Clarendon," p. 34.
t ".Anecdotes of Painting," vol. ii. 2d edit. p. 102.
OF ENGLAND. 231
torian and painter illustrate each other. This was a model for a
large portrait of her at Windsor.
LADY BLOUNT, widow of Sir William Main-
waring; from an original in the possession of the Rev.
George Lefroy, of Ash, in Hampshire. Scheneker sc. 4fo.
Hesther, daughter and coheir of Christopher Wase, of Upper
Holloway, in the county of Middlesex, esq. married, when very
young, Sir William Mainwaring, of West-Chester, knt. who unfortu
nately lost his life in the cause of Charles the First, at the assault
of Chester in Oct. 1645, leaving by his lady two daughters, his
coheirs ; of whom Hesther married Sir Richard Howe ; and Judith,
the other coheir, was first wife of Sir John Busby, of Addington, in
the county of Bucks, knt. but she dying at the age of 19, at her
father-in-law s, Sir Henry Blount s seat, at Tittenhanger, left one
child who lived to maturity, Hesther, wife of the honourable Thomas
Egerton, of Tatton Park, Cheshire.
Lady Mainwaring, after the death of Sir William, became, in
1647, the wife of Sir Henry Blount, so well known by his " Travels
to the Levant," and other writings; by him Lady Blount had issue,
the famous Sir Thomas Pope Blount, of Tittenhanger, bart. born at
Upper Holloway, Sept. 12, 1649, the author of the " Censura An-
t.horum ;"and the celebrated Deist, Charles Blount, who is supposed
to have been assisted by his father in his well-known book " the
Anima Mundi."
MARGARET SMITH, married to Sir Thomas
Carye, one of the bed-chamber, and brother to Phi
ladelphia, lady Wharton. Vandyck p. 1636 ; P. a
Gunst sc. whole length ; large h. sh.
This was in the Wharton collection, now at Strawberry-hill.
MARGARET SMITH, vidua Thomse Gary, et uxor
Edvardi Herbert, equitis. Vandyck p. Fait home sc.
h. sh. This is one of the scarcest and finest of all our
English prints.
MADAM KIRK. Vandyck p. Haywoodf. h.sh.
232 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MADAM ANNE KIRK. Vandyck p. Browne; large
h. sh. mezz.*
MADAM KIRK, sitting in a chair. Hollar f. h. sh.
MADAM ANN KIRK; whole length. Vandyck; J.
Bechet fecit.
MADAM KIRK, sitting ; with the Countess of Mor
ton. V. Dyck ; Gronsveldt sc.
Mrs. Kirk was one of the dressers to Queen Henrietta Maria.
She stood for this place in competition with Mrs. Neville, to whom
she was preferred.! When the king withdrew from Hampton-
court, he ordered Col. Whalley to send her the queen s picture.
Her portrait in miniature is at Burghley-house.
D. ANNA WAKE. Van Dijck p. P. Clouwet sc.
4/0. Ruff, ruffles, bracelet, 8$c.
Anna Wake, daughter of Robert Wake, a merchant of Antwerp.
She married James, third lord Savile, and second earl of Sussex.
He died in 1671.
Sir William Wake, in a letter to Mr. Bull, which I have seen,
says, that it is more than probable that this lady is of his family, as
" there appears to have been an Anne, daughter and coheir of
Gregory Brokeby, of Frithby, in the county of Leicester, who mar
ried Sir John Wake, in the reign of Charles L"t
* There is a miniature of her at Burgliley.
t See " Strafford Papers," vol. ii. p. 37.
\ I have often wished for a Campanella at my elbow, to inform me of the cha
racters of several ladies in this Class.$ I pay little regard to what the satirist says,
who tells us that,
" Most women have no characters at all."
and that they are,
" Best distinguished by black, brown, and fair."
When 1 see a pleasing form, 1 fancy, as others have done before me; that it was
attended with many excellences, and adorned by the virtues, as well as the grace*.
Campanella, a celebrated Italian mimic and physiognomist, is said to have had
a surprising talent of conforming his features to the likeness of such as were any
way remarkable, and by virtue of that conformity, of entering into their characters.
See an account of him in Spon s " Recherches d AntiquiteY
OF ENGLAND. 233
LUCY SACHEVERAL, sitting under a tree. P.
Lely inv. Faithorne sc. Paris; 1649. In Lovelace s
"Lucasta" before a page inscribed to her. This seems
to be the invention of the painter, as the inscription inti
mates. See the article of LOVELACE.
BATHUSAMAKIN (Makins), Principi Elizab. a
Latinis, Graecis, & Hebrseis.
Forma nihil, si pulchra perit, sed pectoris alma
Divini species non moritur a viget.
W. M. (Marshall) sc. small Svo.
BATH us A MA KIN, &c. In the Woodburn Gal
lery.
She is represented old, without any remains of beauty. I should
rather conclude that she never had anv, as her figure is remark-
V *
ably homely.
Mrs. Makins, who was sister to Dr. John Pell,* one of the
greatest linguists and mathematicians of his age, may be justly
placed in the first rank of learned ladies. She maintained a literary
correspondence with the celebrated Anna Maria Schurman,f who
was, perhaps, the only woman comparable to her in the knowledge
of the languages. :{:
* Evelyn s " Numismata," p. 265. There is an account of Dr. Pell, in
Birch s " History of the Royal Society," vol. iv. p. 444, &c. and in the " Bio-
graphia."
t See preface to Ballard s " Memoirs," p. vii.
+ It appears from the following notice, that Mrs. Makins continued to exercise
her learned talents, long after she had ceased to employ them in the service of
royalty. In 1673, was published a quarto pamphlet, entitled, " An Essay to re
vive the ancient Education of Gentlewomen in Religion, Manners, Arts, and
Tongues, with an Answer to the Objections against this way of Education." At
the end of which is the Postscript: If any inquire where this education may be
performed; such may be informed, that a school is lately erected for gentlewomen
at Tottenham High-cross, within four miles of London, in the road to Ware; where
Mrs. Makins is governess, who was sometimes tutoress to the Princess Elizabeth,
daughter to King Charles the First; where, by the blessing of God, gentlewomen
VOL. III. 2 H
234 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MRS. MARY GRIFFITH. G. Glover sc. Before
" Hcec Homo" 8$c. by William Austin, esq. 12mo. She
is represented with a watch in her hand.
MRS. MARY GRIFFITH ; 12 mo, W. Richardson.
This excellent woman was endowed with many virtues and ac
complishments ; and was particularly careful in the employment of
her time, which she knew to be essential to the attainment of every
useful and ornamental qualification. Her business and diversions
were usually regulated by her watch, and the latter always with a
subserviency to the former.
MARGARET LEMON. Vandyck p. W. Hollar f.
1646; h. sh. ten French verses.
MARGUERITE LEMON; Angloise. Vandyck p. Gay-
wood sc.
MARGARET LEMON. Vandyck p. Morinsc. octagon;
her hair combed back, and adorned with Jlowers . Her
name is not inscribed.
M ARC A RET A LEMON. Lommelin sc. h. sh.
The picture of her, from which Hollar engraved the print, is at
Strawberry-hill, and came from Buckingham-house.
may be instructed in the principles of religion, and all manner of sober and virtuous
education) more particularly in all things ordinarily taught in other schools ;
Works of all sorts, ^
Dancing, I
, r . Hair the time
Music,
as^ . )>to be spent
Singing,
, r. in these things ;
j Writing,
LKeeping Accounts. >
the other half to be employed in gaining the Latin and French tongues ; and those
that please, may learn Greek and Hebrew, the Italian and Spanish ; in all which
this gentlewoman hath a competent knowledge, &c. &c.
Those that think these things improbable or impracticable, may have farther
account every Tuesday at Mr. Mason s coffee-house in Cornhill, near the Royal
Exchange ; and Thursday, at the Bolt and Tun in Fleet-street, between the hours
of three and six in the afternoon, by some person whom Mrs. Making shall appoint.
BINDLEY.
OF ENGLAND. 235
Margaret Lemon was mistress to Vandyck, who drew several
portraits of her. There is a very fine one in a lower apartment at
Hampton-court. This woman was almost as famous in her time
as the painter himself, and was said to have been liberal of her
favours to several persons besides that artist ; particularly to En-
dymion Porter, groom of the king s bed-chamber.
SCOTCH LADIES.
ANNA, comitissa de Morton. Vandyck p. Lombart
sc. h. sh.
ANN, countess of Morton ; 8vo. G.Vertuc.
ANN, countess of Morton ; sitting with Madam
Kirk. V. Dyck ; J. Gronsveldt.
ANN, countess of Morton. Bocquet sc. In " Noble
Authors" by Mr. Park; 1806.
Her portrait, by Vandyck, is at Althorp.
Anne, daughter of Sir Edward Villiers, president of Munster,
and half brother to George, the great duke of Buckingham ; and
wife to Robert Douglas, earl of Morton. She was governess to
the Princess Henrietta,* and is celebrated by Waller. Fenton
speaks of her as "one of the most admired beauties of this age ;"
and says, that " the graces of her mind were not inferior to those
of her person." In 1646, she conveyed the princess, in disguise,
from Oatlands, into France. f She caused a " Book of Devo-
tions"J to be composed for her daily use, which was published by
M. G. a lady of her acquaintance, to whom she had recommended
* Afterward Dutchess of Orleans.
i Teuton s Observations on Waller s Poem to Lady Morton. See several letters
of Sir Edward Hyde to her in the second volume of the " Clarendon Papers."
Some of these letters, which are strongly expressive of the writer s esteem and
friendship, are addressed to her under the title of Lady Dalkeith.
$ It is from this " Pvlanual of Devotions," that Mr. Walpole, in his " Catalogue
of Royal and Noble Authors," quotes the remarkable expression of " Lord wilt
thou hunt after a flea ?"
236 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
it. The imprimatur is dated 1665, and the fourteenth edition was
published in 24mo. 1689. It appears from the dedication of this
book to the Countess of Mareshall, daughter of Lady Morton, as
well as from the print, that the author of the " British Compen
dium" for Scotland, is mistaken in calling her Elizabeth.*
ANNE, countess of Argyle ; from a picture in the
collection of Lady Mary Coke ; in " Noble Authors"
by Mr. Park; 1806.
This lady was the daughter of William, earl of Morton, and
the first wife of Archibald, seventh earl of Argyle, who distinguished
himself at the battle of Glenlivot, in 1594. Sir William Alexander
inscribed his " Aurora," in 1604, to Lady Agnes, countess of Argyle,
where he gallantly says of his amatory fancies, " that as they were
the fruits of beautie, so shall they be sacrificed as oblations to
beautie." The countess collected and published, in Spanish, a set
of sentences from the work of St. Augustine. She is said to have
died prior to 1638. See " Noble Authors."
The LADY LETTICE, viscountess Falkland,
JEt. 35. Marshall sc. I2mo. . ;.
LETTICE, viscountess Falkland. W. Richardson.
The portrait is prefixed to " The holy Life and Death of the
Lady Lettice, viscountess Falkland, with the Returns of spiritual
Comfort and Grief in a devout Soul, represented in Letters to that
honourable Lady, and exemplified in her. By John Duncon,f
Parson sequestered, third Edit. 1653;" 12mo. The first edition
was printed in 1648. The account of her " Life" is in a letter
addressed to the Lady Morison, mother to the viscountess, at
Great Tew, in Oxfordshire. It is dated April the 15th, 1647, and
seems to have been written soon after her death.
This excellent lady was daughter of Sir Richard Morison, of
Tooley Park, in Leicestershire, knt. and relict of the celebrated Lu
cius Gary, viscount Falkland, who was killed in the first battle of
* " British Compend." p. 135.
t Her chaplain.
OF ENGLAND. 237
Newbury. When that great and amiable man was no more, she
fixed her eyes on heaven ; and though sunk in the deepest affliction,
she soon found that relief from acts of piety and devotion, which
nothing else could have administered. After the tumults of her
grief had subsided, and her mind was restored to its former tran
quillity, she began to experience that happiness which all are
strangers to but the truly religious. She was constant in the pub
lic and private exercises of devotion, spent much of her time in
family prayer, in singing psalms, and catechising her children and
domestics. She frequently visited her poor neighbours, especially
in their sickness, and would sometimes condescend to read religi
ous books to them, while they were employed in spinning. She
distributed a great number of pious tracts. Lord Falkland left her
all that he was possessed of by will, and committed his three sons,
the only children he had, to her care. Ob. Feb. 1646, 2Et.
circ. 35.
MARIA RUTEN (RUTHEN or RUTHVEN), &c.
uxor Antonii Vandyck, pict. Vandyck p. S. a Bols-
vert sc.
MARIA RUTEN, &c. Vandyck p. Gaywoodf. h. sh.
copied from the former.
VANDYCK S WIFE ; from a picture by Sir Ant. Van
dyck, in the collection of Sir Richard Lyttleton. Barto-
lozzi sc. h. sh.
MARIA RUTEN, &c. V. Dyck ; W. Fait home exc.
MARIA RUTEN; anonymous. V. Dyck; L.Ferdi
nand.
MARIA RUTEN. V. Dyck; John Meyssens.
MARIA RUTEN; an etching ; V. Dyck; rare; fol.
There is an original of her, by Vandyck, in the possession of
Sir John Stepney, at Llannelly, in Caermarthenshire.
238 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Vertue, in a manuscript catalogue of heads, which I have, men
tions a print of Vandyck s daughter, by Arnold de Jode.
Mary, daughter of the Earl of Gowrye, descended from Lord
Methuen, son of Margaret, daughter of Henry VII. by Francis
Steward, her third husband. Her father was executed for a con
spiracy against James VI. of which there are accounts in several of
our histories. Bishop Burnet observes, that her issue by Vandyck
" stood very near to the succession of the crown."* She had only
one daughter by Sir Anthony, who married Sir John Stepney, a
gentleman of Wales.
AN IRISH COUNTESS. HB
ELIZABETH, Castlehaven comitissa. Vandyck p.
Lomhart sc. h. sh.
* " Hist, of his own Time," 5. p. 194
t The following account of the Stepney family, -which was communicated by the
late Sir Thomas Stepney, father to Sir John, the present representative for (he
county of Monmouth, will rectify some mistakes relative to Lady Vandyck and
her descendants.
" John Stepney, of Pendegrest, esq. who descended from Ralph Stepney, lord
of Aldenham, in Com. Hert. was created a baronet the 19th of James I. He left
three sons, Sir John, Thomas, and Charles. John died without issue-male, by
which the title and part of the estate devolved to John Stepney esq. son to his
brother Thomas. This Sir John Stepney married Justina, daughter and heir to
Sir Anthony Vandyck, by whom he had issue his son and successor, Sir Thomas
Stepney, grandfather to the present Sir Thomas. The supposition that Mr. Stepney,
the poet and envoy, was descended from the Stepney who married Vandyck s
daughter, is erroneous. The pedigree from that period is perfectly clear; the late
Sir Thomas Stepney being the only son of that marriage. If I may hazard a con
jecture, and a very probable one, Stepney, the poet, was either son or grandson of
Charles, third son of the first baronet. Lady Vandyck married to her second
husband, Sir Richard Pryse, of Cogerthan, in Com. Cardigan."
$ This is all erroneous. Bishop Burnet mistook the daughter of Lord Methuen,
by Lady Jean Stewart his second wife, for a daughter by the queen-mother. He
was not the first who committed the mistake.
Vandyck s wife was the daughter of Dr. Ruthven, a brother of John, earl of
Gowrye, who, after the ruin of the Ruthven family, retired into England and be
came a physician. His mother, Dorothea, was the daughter of Methuen by a se
cond marriage, and the wife of William, earl of Gowrye. LORD HAILES.
OF ENGLAND. ". 239
Elizabeth, countess of Castlehaven, was daughter and coheir of
Benedict Barnham, alderman of London.* She was wifef of the
infamous Mervin, earl of Castlehaven, and baron Audley, who
was executed the 7th of Charles I. for an unnatural crime, and
also for assisting in a rape upon her. James, his eldest son by
this lady, was restored to both his dignities, the 19th of the same
reign.
^T^\T CLASS XII.
PERSONS REMARKABLE FROM ONE
CIRCUMSTANCE, &c.
JOHN BRADSHAW, (sergeant at law) president
of the pretended high court of justice ; from an origi
nal painting. M. Vandergucht sc. Svo. large hat^f.
JOHN BRADSHAW; la. 4.to. partly scraped ; rare.
* B. Barnhara was also the father of Alice, viscountess St. Alban s, who after-
ward married Sir John Underbill.
t Her portrait was paiuted in her widowhood.
$ The following inscription is on a copper-plate, belonging to Bradshaw s hat in
Ash mole s Museum. The inside of the crown of this hat, which he wore at the
trial of the king, is well guarded with iron.
" Galerus Hie ipse, quo tectus erat
Johannes Bradshaw, archi-regicida,
Dum execrabili regicidarum conventui
prsesideret.
Dignus ut in eodem loco,
Quo Fauxi laterna,
collocetur ;
Ilia papisticae, hie fanaticae
Nequitiae monumcnturn.
In hoc dispai es ;
Scilicet id nefas,
Quod ilia in tenebris machinata est,
Hie sub Dio perfecit.
Dat. An, Domini 1715 j a Tho. Bisse S. T. P."
240 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHN BRADSHAW ; in CaulfielcTs " High Court of
Justice."
Bradshaw had the peculiar infamy of being the only man that
ever sat in judgment upon his sovereign. His reward for presiding
at the trial was as extraordinary as his crime ; as the parliament,
soon after, made him a present of Summer Hill, a seat of the Earl
of St. Alban s, valued at 1000/. a year.* Bradshaw is supposed to
have communicated some old evidences to Marchimont Nedham,
to be inserted into his translation of Selden s " Mare Clausum."f
Ob. 11 Oct. 1659. He declared, a little before he left the world,
that if the king were to be tried and condemned again, he would be
the first man that should do it.f
CAPTAIN ROBERT DOVER; on horseback;
before the "AnnaliaDubrensia,upon the yearly celebra
tion of Mr. Robert Dover s Olympic Games, upon Cots-
wold Hills" 8$c. Lond. 1636 : 4*0. ,-:;. wfi
CAPTAIN ROBERT DOVER; inCaulfielcTs "Remark
able Persons"
This book consists of verses written by Michael Drayton, Tho
mas Randolph, Ben Jonson, and many others.
Robert Dover, an attorney, of Burton on the Heath, in the county
of Warwick, was, for forty years, chief director in the annual cele
bration of the games upon Cotswold Hills, in Gloucestershire.
These games, to which multitudes resorted, were cudgel-playing,
wrestling, leaping, pitching the bar, throwing the sledge, tossing
the pike, and various other feats of strength and activity. Many
of the country gentlemen hunted or coursed the hare ; and the
Walker s " History of Independ." Part ii. p. 258.
t Nicolson s "Historical Library," in. 124.
t See Peck s " Desiderata Curiosa," xiv. p. 32.
Matthew Walbancke appears to have been the editor of these poems, probably
at the request of Dr. Dover, to whom they are dedicated, and " who thought it his
duty to perpetuate the memory of that good man his grandfather." This he de
served from a circumstance more extraordinary than his presiding at the games;
for though bred an attorney, he never tried but two causes, having always made up
the differences. SIR W. MXTSORAVE.
OF ENGLAND. 241
women danced. A castle of boards was erected upon this occasion,
from which guns were frequently discharged. Captain Dover had
not only the permission of James I. to celebrate the Cotswold
Games, but appeared in the very clothes which that monarch had
formerly worn,* and with much more dignity in his air and aspect.
See " Athen. Oxon. i.i. col. 812, where the print is particularly
described.
ARCHEE (Auc i-i r), the king s jester; a whole
length, in a long particoloured Tunic ; hat and feather.
" Archee by kings and princes grac d of late,
Jested himself into a fair estate ;
And in this book, doth to his friends? commend,
His jeers, taunts, tales, which no man can offend."
The print, which was engraved by T.Cecill, is before his "Jests,"
in 12mo.t
ARCHEE, the king s jester ; in Caulfield s "Remark
able Persons."
ARCHEE; small whole length ; "This is no Muckle
John nor Sommers William" 8$c. prefixed to his "Jests,"
1660; Hay wood; scarce. Copied by Richardson.
ARCHEE, with Archbishop Laud; wood-cut.
* They were given him by Endymion Porter, the king s servant.
t There are many jests in this book which were never uttered by Archy, and
which are indeed, in general, very unworthy of him. It has been justly observed,
tliat no nation in the world abounds so much in jest-books as the English. Under
this head may come Tarlton s Jests, the witty Apophthegms of James I. and the
Marquis of Worcester, and some of those of Lord Bacon. We have also the Court
and State Jests, in noble drollery ; England s Jester ; and the Oxford, Cambridge,
and Coffee-house Jests. In the reigns of George II. and III. were published the
Jests of Ben Jonson, the Earl of Rochester, Tom Brown, Joe Miller,:): Ferdinando
Foot, Mrs. Pilkington, and Beau Nash; and almost every one of these medlies are
thought to be intermixed with the No-jests of the compilers. The jests of Quin
came forth presently after his death, and they were soon followed by those of
Yorick and Shakspeare.
t This book has been much read and studied by the speakers and retailers of
GOOD THINGS.
VOL. III. 2 I
242 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
A-rchy, or Archibald Armstrong, who was a great master of gri
mace and buffoonery, was jester, or fool to James I. and his son
Charles. His famous reply to the former of these princes, relative
to his sending the heir of his crown into Spain, is too well known
to be here repeated. He had a particular spleen against Bishop
Laud, upon whom he was sometimes very sarcastical.* When the
liturgy, which that prelate endeavoured by all means to introduce
into Scotland, was absolutely rejected, and great tumults were
raised upon that account, he said to him tauntingly, " Who is fool
now ?"f The king who was much offended at this impudent jest,
ordered him to pull off his coat, and dismissed him. He was suc
ceeded by Muckle John,}: who was the last person that was re
tained as fool to the English court. Killegrew is said to have been
jester to Charles II. but the Duke of Buckingham, the Earl of
Rochester, and Colonel Titus, were as much that king s jesters as
he was.
He died 1672, at Arthuret, in Cumberland, the place of his
birth, where he retired after his disgrace. See Lysons s * Cum
berland," page 13.
MR. HOBSON, &c. J. Payne f. a purse in his
hands ; eight English verses ; h. sh.
MR. HOBSON; eight English verses; 4 to. W.
Richardson ; Mr. Hobson ; J. Cauljidd.
His portrait is, or was, at his inn in Bishopsgate-street.
Hobson, the carrier of Cambridge, by the help of common sense,
and a constant attention to a few frugal maxims, raised a much
greater fortune than a thousand men of genius and learning, edu
cated in that university, ever acquired, or were even capable of ac
quiring. He was, to use the citizen s phrase, " a much better man"
than Milton, who has written two quibbling epitaphs upon him.
But if that great poet had never lived, his name would have been
* lie once, when the bishop was present, asked leave to say grace, which being
granted him, he said, " Great praise be given to God, and little Lard to the devil."
t A stool was thrown at the dean s head, who first read it in the cathedral at
Edinburgh. Archy said, it \v;js " the Stool of Repentance."
} See " Stratford Papers," it. 1M.
OF ENGLAND. 243
always remembered ; as he took an effectual method of perpetuating
his memory, by erecting a handsome stone conduit at Cambridge,
supplying it by an aqueduct, and settling seven lays of pasture
ground towards the maintenance of the same, for ever.* He died
in the time of the plague, 1630, in the 86th year of his age. There
is a poem called " Hobson s Choice," which I have seen printed
in a folio pamphlet, together with " The Choice," by Pomfret. See
more of him in the " Spectator," No. 509. His will is among
Peck s Collections.
OLD PARR; from an original picture, in the collec
tion of Uvedale Price, esq. Geo. Powle del. et sc. 4to.
Etched with the dry needle.-\
THOMAS PARR. Vorsterman sc.
This is mentioned upon the authority of Mr. Gough ; I never
saw the print.]:
" The old, old, very old man, or THOMAS PARR,
the son of John Parr, of Winnington, in the parish of
Alberbury, in Shropshire, who was born in 1483, in
the reign of Edward the IVth, and is now living in
the Strand, being aged one hundred and fifty-two
years, and odd months," 1635. C. V.Dalensc. sitting
in a great chair, with a bolster behind him, his eyes half
open; 4to.
THOMAS PARR; mezz. J. Faber.
THOMAS PARR ; foL Habert, 1715.
THOMAS PARR ; 4/0. mezz. P. v. 8. (omer.)
THOMAS PARR; 4to.
* " Cantabrigia Depicta," p. 10.
t The most delicate kind of etching, which was practised by Rembrandl. It is
done upon the bare, plate, without aqua fortis.
t My grateful acknowledgments are due to this ingenious and communicative
gentleman for several favours.
244 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
THOMAS PARR; half length. J. Caulfield.
THOMAS PARR, &c. who lived in the reigns of ten
kings and queens, who now lies buried in West
minster Abbey ; 4to.
OLD PARR, JEt. 151. G. White f. 4to. mezz.
There is a portrait said to be of him, at Belvoir Castle, and
another in Ashmole s Museum. The most valuable is in the col
lection of the Dutchess of Portland.
Thomas Parr seems to have been a man of very different sta
mina from the rest of mankind ; as Dr. Fuller tells us, that he is
thus " charactered by an eye-witness of him :"
" From head to heel, his body had all over,
A quick-set, thick-set, nat ral hairy cover."*
At a hundred and twentyt he married Katherine Milton, his
second wife, whom he got with child ; and was, after that era of
his life, employed in threshing and other husbandry work. When
he was about a hundred and fifty-two years of age, he was
brought up to London by Thomas, earl of Arundel, and carried to
court. The king said to him, " You have lived longer than other
men, what have you done more than other men ? He replied, * I
did penance when I was a hundred years old."t Ob. Nov. 1635.
The fullest account of him extant, is in his " Life," by Taylor, in
the " Harleian Miscellany."
YOUNG PARR. G. White f. 4to. mezz. He is re
presented very old.
Young Parr, the supposed son of the former, is said to have
lived to a very advanced age. Turner, in his "Wonders of Na
ture," subjoined to his " History of remarkable Providences,"^
* " Worthies in Shropshire," p. 11.
t It should probably be a hundred and two, according to Dr. Campbell, in his
" Hermippus Redivivus."
J Peck s " Collect, of diverse curious historical Pieces," subjoined to his Lives
of Cromwell and Milton.
Chap, xxxii. Sect. 14.
OF ENGLAND. 245
tells us, that old Parr married his first wife at eighty years of age,
and in the space of thirty-two years, had but two children by her,
who died young ; that at a hundred and twenty, " he fell in love
with Katherine Milton, and got her with child." If this be true,
several of the stones told of young Parr are false.
JEFFERY HUDSON; a small print; before a
very small book, entitled, " The New Years Gift" pre
sented at court, from the Lady Parvula, to the Lord
Minimus (commonly called Little J^ffery)) her majesty s
servant, fyc. written by Microphilus.
JEFFERY HUDSON, and the Giant; from the bas-
relief, near Bagnio-court, in Pennant s " London," p. 218,
first edition.
JEFFERY HUDSON. J. Caulfield.
JEFFERY HUDSON : in the view of " Theobald^s."
S. Sparrmv, 1800.
JEFFERY HUDSON ; whole length, with a dog.
D. My tens ; James Stow, 1810.
JEFFERY HUDSON, &c. copied fac-simile from the
original print of M. D. (Martin Droeshout), by
B. Reading.
At Petworth is a whole length of Henrietta Maria, with Jeffery
Hudson, by Vandyck. There is another in the possession of Lord
Milton.
This diminutive creature, when he was about seven or eight years
of age, was served up to table, in a cold pie, at Burghley on the
Hill, the seat of the Duke of Buckingham ; and as soon as he made
his appearance, presented by the dutchess to the queen, who re
tained him in her service.* He was then seven or eight years of
* The king s gigantic porter once drew him out of his pocket, in a masque at
court, to the surprise of all the spectators.
246 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
age, and but eighteen inches in height. He is said not to have
grown any taller, till after thirty, when he shot up to three feet
nine inches. Soon after the breaking: out of the civil war, he was
O *
made captain of the royal army. In 1644, he attended the queen
into France, where he had a quarrel with Mr. Crofts, whom he
challenged. Crofts came to the place of appointment, armed only
with a squirt. A real duel soon after ensued, in which the antago
nists engaged on horseback, with pistols. Crofts was shot dead
with the first fire. Jeffery returned to England at the restoration,
and was afterward confined in the Gatehouse on a suspicion of being
concerned in the popish plot. He died under confinement, in the
sixty-third year of his age. See more of him in the " Anecdotes
of Painting," ii. p. 8, 9, 10, whence the above account is extracted.
In Ashmole s Museum are his waiscoat, breeches, and stockings.
The former is of blue satin, slashed, and ornamented with pinked
white silk. The two latter are of one piece of blue satin.
FRANCIS BATTALIA, an Italian that swallowed
stones. Hollar f. 1641; h. sh.
FRANCIS BATTALIA. "The true portraiture of a
Roman youth whose strange birth and life cannot
sufficiently be admired," &c. &c. whole length; holding
a glass in one hand, and in the other a plate with stones.
Caulfield, 1794. .. , ^ ;
The following strange account is given us of this person, by Mr.
Boyle, and a much stranger by Dr. Bulwer; I shall transcribe
them both : " Not long ago, there was here in England, a private
soldier, very famous for digesting of stones ; and a very inquisitive
man assures me, that he knew him familiarly, and had the curiosity
to keep in his company for twenty-four hours together, to watch
him, and not only observed that he eat nothing but stones in that
time, but also that his grosser excrement consisted chiefly of a
sandy substance, as if the devoured stones had been in his body
dissolved, and crumbled into sand." Boyle s " Exp. Philos."
Part II. Essay III. p. 86.
Dr. Bulwer says, he "saw the man, and that lie was an Italian,
Francis Battalia by name ; at that time about thirty years of age ;
and that he was born with two stones in one hand, and one in the
OF ENGLAND. , 247
other ; which the child took for his first nourishment, upon the
physicians advice : and afterward, nothing else but three or four
pebbles in a spoon, once in twenty-four hours, and a draught of
beer after them ; and in the interim, now and then a pipe of to
bacco ; for he had been a soldier in Ireland at the siege of I imeric ;
and, upon his return to London, was confined for some time, upon
suspicion of imposture." Bulwer s " Artificial Changeling," p.
307. He is said, sometimes, to have eaten about half a peck of
stones in a day.
" He took tobacco and drank wine or strong drink till he could
neither go nor stand." See Lysons s " Cheshire," p. 563.
LAZARUS and BAPTISTA COLLEREDO, the
twin brothers ; engraved by Hollar, without his name,
1635 ; with a long inscription in German.
Another; 4to. by M. Haffner.
LAZARUS COLLEREDO. R. S. Kirby exc. 4to.
Of the actual existence of this most extraordinary terror of
nature, Bartholini s account, who saw them at Copenhagen and
Basil, is sufficient; and that they were in England, and exhibited
as a sight, the following notice cannot but satisfy the most incre
dulous. Extract from the MSS. of the office-book of Sir Thomas
Herbert, master of the revels to Charles I. from which I copied it :*
" For six months a licence granted to Lazarus, an Italian, to
shew his brother Eaptista that grows out of his navell and carryes
him at his side in confirmation of his majesty s warrant granted
unto him to make publique shewe, dated the 4th November, 1637
I/. 13s. He hathpromist to make it up 10/."
Alsointhe"StrafFord Letter, "vol. ii,p. 11 8, Mr. Gerrard, in a let
ter to Lord Wentworth, lord-deputy in Ireland, describes them much
in the same manner, only speaks of them as from Savoy, mistaking
probably, Geneva for Genoa, at which place they were certainly
born.
It is extremely remarkable that another object of the same kind,
though not near so much a double figure, viz. James Poro, who
* JAMES BIND LEY.
248 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was seen in London in 1714, should not only be an Italian, but
born at Genoa also, as appears by a mezzotinto print of him from
the picture in Sir Hans Sloan s collection.
Innocent NAT. WITT ; in a black cap, with two
favours on it; he holds a wooden sword in his right hand.
Glover del. et sc. Under the print are four verses.
Innocent NAT. WITT ; in Caulfidd s " Remarkable
Persons."
Nat. Witt was a poor harmless idiot, who was so unhappy as to
be continually teased and provoked by the people in the streets,
who were as much worse idiots than himself, as an active is worse
than a passive fool.
JOHN BULL and R. FARNAM ; two small
portraits, cut in wood; each holds a book.
11 Here Bull and Farnam hold their books laid open,
Who of the sword and pestilence have spoken :
And out of witless madness thought to be
Prophets, though poor silk-weavers by degree."
JOHN BULL and R. FARNAM; in Caul/ields " Re
markable Persons"
Bull and Farnam, who on several occasions distinguished them
selves by their vehemence and vociferation in preaching, as well as
by the denunciations of vengeance, and other rant and nonsense
in their writings, were regarded by many of the vulgar as men of
an apostolic character. Bull was the more attended to, because
he, with a bold front, always took the head, bore down every op
ponent, and roared the louder of the two.
An anonymous head, by Hollar, of a monopolizer
of sweet wines ; near him are three barrels, over which
is the word " Medium ; he holds another small one
under his arm. Sign of the Bell, fyc. bush ; over the
OF ENGLAND. g 249
sign is inscribed u Good wine needs no bush nor A
bell." Under the head are these lines :
" Thou purchas t (Medium) to enrich thyself;
Thy plot was naught, thou must return thy pelf
Unjustly got ; besides thou shalt endure
Far sourer sauce to thy sweet wines be sure."
This is the portrait of Alderman Abell, of London, who,
with one Richard Kilvert, was concerned in a fraudulent trans
action relative to a monopoly of sweet wines, for which they were
severely punished, when the parliament undertook the correcting
the illegal patents granted in the reign of Charles I. The particulars
may be seen in the parliamentary history of the times, and the sub
ject may be farther illustrated by the following transcript of the
title-pages of three curious pamphlets in the possession of James
Bindley, esq.
" A dialogue or accidental discourse betwixt Mr. Alderman Abell,
and Richard Kilvert, the two maine projectors for wine, and also
Alderman Abell s wife, &c. contayning their first manner of their
acquaintance, how they began to contrive the patent itself, how
they obtayned it, and who drew the patent. Also in what state
they now stand in, and how they accuse and raile at each other
with invective speeches, &c. with the manner and fashion how pro
jecting patentees have rod a tilting in a parliament time," &c.
Printed also in the same yeare of grace, 1641.
Another, with a wood-cut of them ; the Alderman with
a barrel under his arm, and the sign of the Sell over
his head, Kilvert holding a parchment scroll, inscribed
te Patient for Wine; black letter, S pages, 4to. At the
end, another wood-cut, representing one of them riding
with his face to the horse s tail, which he holds in one
hand in ; the other a flag, inscribed " Tara-tan-tara."
A man goes before him playing on the tabor, others fol
lowing with halberts, crowd of spectators,
The copie of a letter sent from the roaring boyes
in Elizium, to the two arrant knights of the grape in
V01>. III. 2 K
250 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
i
limbo, ALDERMAN ABEL and M. KILVERT, the two
great projectors for wine, and to the rest of the
worshipful brotherhood of that patent. Brought
over lately by Quart Pot, an ancient servant to
Bacchus, whom for a long time they had most cruelly
rackt, but hoped shortly to be restored to his ancient
liberties. Whereunto is added, the oration which
Bacchus made to his subjects in the lower world ;
published for the satisfaction and benefit of his
subjects here ; 4to. 1641 ; a Poem.
Two oval wood-cut portraits ; KILVERT with his
patent in his hand, a glass and a wine measure on a
table by him, ABEL with his rebus of a Bell, and
cask under his arm, standing by him. The last dis
course betwixt Master ABEL, and Master RICHARD
KILVERT, interrupted at the first by an angry
gentlewoman, who being herself unknown unto the
observer of this conferrence, it was conceived by
him afterward to be a certain friend of Mr. Abel s ;
a wood-cut. Two men ami a woman sitting at a table, on
o
which lies a paper , probably the patent ; 4to. 1641.
Another curious tract :
" Reader here you l plainly see
Judgement perverted by these three :
A Priest, a Judge, a Patentee."
Written by Thomas Heywood. Printed in the happy yeare of
grace 1641.
With wood-cut of Archbishop Laud, Lord Finch, and
Abel. Title and sLr pages.
An exact legendary, compendiously containing
the whole life of ALDERMAN ABEL, the maine pro-
OF ENGLAND. 251
jector and patentee for the raising of wines, &c. &c.
before his house (holding his patent), on the top of which
is a bell ; A. B. on each side ; his wife in another com
partment sitting on a goose ; a sheet; B. L. 1641 ; rare.
ABEL and KILVERT, two wine projectors. W. Rich
ardson ; from a curious wood-cut.
It is well known that monopolies, which were carried to a great
height, were also abolished in this reign.
SIR GILES MOMPESSON. In three divisions:
first, Sir Giles insulting the mistress of the Bell inn,
who defends herself with a spit. He holds a patent in
Jiis left hand ; in the middle he is represented running
away for the serjeant at arms, and in the last is walking
on crutches, 8$c. 8$c. rare.
Sir Giles Mompesson, a gentleman otherwise of good parts,
but for practising sundry abuses in erecting and setting up new
inns and alehouses, and exacting great sums of money of people,
by pretence of letters patent granted to him for the purpose, was
censured by parliament, March 17, 1620-1 ; was sentenced to be
degraded, and disabled to bear any office in the Commonwealth,
though he avoided the execution by flying the land; but upon
Sir Francis Michell, a justice of peace of Middlesex, and one of the
chief-agents ; the sentence of degradation was executed, and he
made to ride with his face to the horse s tail through the city of
London. Vide Baker s " Chronicle."
JOHANNES CLAVEL, Mails sues 25. Robert
Mighan exc. 1628; four English verses. Before
" A Recantation of an ill-spent Life, or a Discover ie of
the High-waij Law, with vehement Dissuasions to all (in
that Kind) Offenders. As also cautelous Admonitions
Jiow to shun and apprehend a Thief" 8$c. ^lo. The third
edition of this pamphlet was published in 1634. It
252 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
is said to have been approved by the king, and pub
lished by his express command.
JOHANNES CLAVEL; in Caulfield s "Remarkable
Persons."
This person, who had a liberal education, appears to have been
in great necessity when he first took to the highway. To his re
cantation, which is written in an humble strain of poetry, are pre
fixed a great number of dedications, both in verse and prose. They
are addressed to the king, queen, privy council, clergy, judges, and
others ; and, among the rest, to Sir William Clavel, knight ban
neret, to whom he was heir at law, and whom he had grossly
injured. He was condemned with several others of his gang, but
found means to procure a reprieve. It appears from his verses to
the queen, that she was his intercessor with the king to save his
life. He expressed, when under sentence of death, and indeed
afterward, the strongest marks of penitence for his crimes. He
appears to have been extremely impatient of confinement ; and the
drift of his dedications was to procure his enlargement. It seems,
from the last edition of his " Recantation," published in 1634, that
he was then living, and at liberty, and totally reformed.
MALL* CUT-PURSE ; a masculine woman in a
mans dress ; an ape, lion, and eagle, by her.
" See here the presidess o the pilfring trade,
Mercury s second, Venus s only maid ;
Doublet and breeches, in a un form dress,
The female humorist, a kickshaw mess :
Here s no attraction that your fancy greets ;
But if her features please not, read her feats."
Duodecimo. Before her Life, 1662.
MALL CUT-PURSE, &c. W. Richardson.
* A contraction of Mary: it is still used in the west, among the common people.
Hence is derived the diminutive Malkin (or Mawkin, a kind of loose mop, made of
clouts for sweeping the oven), a term often applied to a dirty slatternly wcncUj but
it originally si^n fies no more than little Moll.
\ OF ENGLAND. 253
MALL CUT-PURSE, &c. mCaulfidcTs "Remarkable
Persons."
This notorious woman is mentioned by Butler and Swift, in the
following lines :
" He Trulla lov d, Trullamore bright,
Than burnish d armour of her knight :
A bold virago, stout and tall
As Joan of France, or English Mall." HUD.
" The ballads pasted on the wall,
Of Joan of France, arid English Mall."
BAUCIS and PHILEMON.
Mary Frith, or Moll Cut-purse, a woman of a masculine spirit
and make, who was commonly supposed to have been an herma
phrodite, practised, or was instrumental to almost every crime and
wild frolic which is notorious in the most abandoned and eccentric
of both sexes. She was infamous as a prostitute and a procuress,
a fortune-teller, a pick-pocket, a thief, and a -receiver of stolen
goods :* she was also concerned with a dexterous scribe in forging
hands. Her most signal exploit was robbing General Fairfax upon.
Hounslow Heath, for which she was sent to Newgate, but was, by
the proper application of a large sum of money, soon set at liberty.
She well knew, like other robbers, in high life, how to make the
produce of her accumulated crimes the means of her protection,
and to live luxuriously upon the spoils of the public. She died of
the dropsy, in the 75th year of her age, but would probably have
died sooner if she had not smoked tobacco, in the frequent use of
which she had long indulged herself. It was at this time almost
as rare a sight to see a woman with a pipe, as to see one of the
sex in man s apparel. Nat. Field, in his comedy, called Amends
for the Ladies, has displayed some of the " merry pranks of Moll
Cut-purse."
JOHN FELTON, who stabbed the Duke of Buck
ingham; whole length^ standing in a room, a knife in his
hand; small quarto.
This print, which is supposed to be unique, is in the collection
of Benjamin Way, esq. of Denham -court, near Uxbridge, Bucks.
* She made this trade verj advantageous, having acted upon much the same
uluu that Jonathan Wild did in the reign of George I.
254 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JOHN FELTON; a wood-cut, representing his stabbing
the Duke of Buckingham.
JOHN FELTON ; a copy from the same. T. Roddevc.
Svo.
John Felton, a person of respectable family, and of good fortune
and reputation, in Suffolk, being bred to the army held the com
mission of a lieutenant of foot, and served under the Duke of
Buckingham in the expedition against the Isle of Rhe ; in the
retreat from which, his captain being killed, he conceived the com
pany by right should have been conferred upon him ; but being
refused in his suit by the duke, he threw up his commission in dis
gust, and withdrew himself from the army. About this time the
House of Commons had accused the duke of several misdemeanors
and miscarriages, styling him an enemy to the public. Felton,
who had attended to all the invectives against the duke, some of
which had even been delivered from the pulpits in the city, ima
gined he should do God and his country a service by putting him
out of the way, which he effected by stabbing him, on the eve of
St. Bartholomew, at Portsmouth, where he had gone to make ready
the fleet and army, for the relief of Rochelle, then closely besieged
by Cardinal Richelieu. For this murder the assassin was brought
to trial, found guilty, and hung in chains at Portsmouth,
RICFIARDUS HERST, Fidie Odio suspensus
Lancastrian 19 August!, A. D. 1628.
RICHARD HERST. G. Barrett.
Richard Herst, or Hurst, whose head has been engraved among
the clerical martyrs of the church of Rome, was, as Dod informs
us,* a yeoman of considerable substance, near Preston, in Lanca
shire. He was executed as the murderer of a pursuivant, who was
commissioned to search his house. As this man, like the rest of
his brethren, had almost an unlimited power, he behaved himself
with such insolence that it excited a scuffle, in which he received a
mortal contusion. The blow was said to have been given by a
* Vol. iii. p. 68.
OF ENGLAND. 255
servant maid. Hurst, as the same author says, suffered death on
the 26th of August, 1628.
MATTHEW HOPKINS, with two witches. One
of them, named Holt, is supposed to say, " My impes are,
1. Ilemauzar ; 2. Pye-wackett ; 3. Pecke in the Crown;
4. Griezzel Greedigutt" Four animals attend: Jarmara,
a black dog ; Sacke and Sugar, a hare ; Newes, a ferret;
Vinegar Tom, a bull- headed greyhound. This print is
in the Pepysian Library*
MATTHEW HOPKINS ; In Caulfield s " Remarkable
Persons."
MATTHEW HOPKINS ; small whole length. Caul-
field sc.
Matthew Hopkins, of Maningtree, who was witch-finder for the
associated counties, hanged, in one year, no less than sixty reputed
witches in his own county of Essex. f The old, the ignorant, and
the indigent ; such as could neither plead their own cause, nor
hire an advocate, were the miserable victims of this wretch s cre
dulity, spleen, and avarice. He pretended to be a great critic in
special marks, which were only moles, scorbutic spots, or warts,
which frequently grow large and pendulous in old age, but were
absurdly supposed to be teats to suckle imps. His ultimate me
thod of proof was by tying together the thumbs and toes of the
suspected person, about whose waist was fastened a cord, the ends
of which were held on the banks of a river by two men, in whose
power it was to strain or slacken it. Swimming, upon this experi
ment, was deemed a full proof of guilt, for which King James, who
is said to have recommended, if lie did not invent it, assigned a ridi
culous reason : " That, as such persons have renounced their bap
tism by water, so the water refuses to receive them."]: Sometimes
those who were accused of diabolical practices were tied neck and
* Gough s " Anecdotes of Topography," p. 495, notes.
t See the account of his Commission and Exploits, by himself.
J See " The History of Modern Enthusiasm," by T. Evans, p. 31, 1st edit.
25G BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
heels, and tossed into a pond; " If they floated or swam, they were
consequently guilty, and therefore taken out and burnt ; if they
were innocent, they were only drowned."* The experiment of
swimming was at length tried upon Hopkins himself, in his own
way ; and he was, upon the event, condemned, and, as it seems,
executed as a wizard. Dr. Zachary Grey says, that he had seen
an account of betwixt three or four thousand persons, who suffered
death for witchcraft, in the king s dominions, from the year 1640,
to the restoration of Charles II. f In a letter from Serjeant Wid-
drington to Lord Whitlock, mention is made of another fellow, a
Scotsman, of the same profession with Hopkins. This wretch
received twenty shillings a head for every witch that he discovered,
and got 30/. by his discoveries.!
FLORAM MARCHAND ; whole length ; wood-cut;
on the back of the title to the " Fallacie of the great
water drinker discovered, fully representing what the.
ingredients that provoke him to so wonderful a vomit, and
by what art one glass seemeth to be of one colour and
another of another ; and what he doeth when he taketh
* " Universal Spectator," No. 388.
t Grey s " Hudibras," vol. ii. p. 11. Dr. Grey supposes, with great reason,
that Hopkins is the man meant in the following lines of Butler.
Has not the present parliament
A ledger to the devil sent,
Fully empower d to treat about
Finding revolted witches out 1
And has not he, within a year,
Hang d threescore of em in one shire ?
Some only for not being drown d :
And some for sitting above ground
Whole days and nights upon their breeches,
And feeling pain, were hang d for witches j
And some for putting knavish tricks
Upon green geese and turkey chicks,
Or pigs that suddenly deceast
Of griefs unnat ral as he guest,
Who after prov d himself a witch,
And made a rod for his o\vn breech.
Hud. Part ii. Canto iii.
+ Whillock s " Memorials," p. 424.
OF ENGLAND. . 257
the rose water and the angelica water : by Mr. Thomas
Peedle and Mr. Thomas Corbie, who brought him over
into England from Tours in France ; and after Wed
nesday next, being the 26th of this present June, will be
constantly ready every afternoon, if desired, in their own
persons, to make an experimental proof of what is here
declared. Anno Domini, 1650."
A TURKISH ROPE-DANCER. W. Hollar del.
et fecit; I2mo.
The only memorial of this man, that is left behind him, is to be
gathered from the ensuing ballad, which it seems was made by an
eye-witness of his performance ; it is entitled " A New Song on the
Turkish Artist, who not long since came into England, and
danced on a rope eight and thirty feet from the ground."
A Wight (here is, come out of the East,
A mortal of great fame ;
He looks like a man, for he is no beast,
Yet he has never a christen-name.
Some say he s a Turk, some call him a Jew,
For ten that bely him, scarce one tells true,
Let him be what he will, tis all one to you ;
But yet he shall be a Turk.
This Turk, as I said in the verse before,
Is a very fine tawny thing;
If I tell you his gifts, you can ask no more,
He can fly without any wing.
He towers like a falcon over the people,
Before he comes down he s as high as Paul s steeple,
Tia strange he makes not himself a creeple,
But yet he shall be a Turk.
On a sloping cord he ll go you shall see,
Even from the very ground,
Full sixty foot high where I would not be
Though you d give me a thousand pound.
First he stands and makes faces, and looks down belcw,
Would I had twelve pence for each could not do so,
By my troth I de never make ballad mo,
But yet he shall be a Turk.
VOL. III. 2 L
258 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY ,
REMARKS ON DRESS.
In this reign, the hat continued to be worn with much such a
sort of crown as that described in the reign of Elizabeth ; but the
brim was extended to a reasonable breadth. Hats inclining to a
cone, a figure very ill adapted to the human head, occur in the
portraits of this time.
The hair was worn low on the forehead, and generally unparted:
some wore it very long, others of a moderate length. The king,
and consequently many others, wore a love-lock on the left side,
which was considerably longer than the rest of the hair.* The
unseemliness of this fashion occasioned Mr. Prynne to write a book
in quarto, against love-locks. f
The beard dwindled very gradually under the two Charleses till
it was reduced to a slender pair of whiskers. It became quite ex
tinct in the reign of James II. as if its fatality had been connected
with that of the house of Stuart, t
* Peck s " Desiderata Curiosa," ii. lib. xv. p. 21. When the lock was cut off,
may be seen at p. 561, of some papers published by T. Hearne, at the end of
" WALTER HEMINGFORD."
t This book, which is written in the true spirit of the times, is well worth the
notice of my readers, especially the ladies. It is entitled, " The Unloveliness of
Love-locks, or a summary Discourse, proving the Wearing and Nourishing of
Locks or Love-locks, to be altogether unseemly and unlawful unto Christians ; in
which there are likewise some passages out of the Fathers, against Face Painting ;
the Wearing of supposititious, powdered, or extraordinary long Hair ; and the
Women s mannish, unnatural, impudent, unchristian cutting of the Hair," &c.
1628, in twelve sheets, 4to.
How would Prynne have exclaimed, if he had seen such bushes of hair as the
ladies bore upon their heads in the last and present year!]] Bushes so enormous
that they seemed to require the tonsure of a gardener s shears, instead of scissars, to
reduce them to tolerable dimensions. Among all the strange Gothic figures which
I have seen, I never met with so monstrous a disproportion as that betwixt the
female head and limbs at this period ; even the long and large hoop was wanting
to keep it in countenance.
The hair of the " committee cut," as it was called, was remarkably short ; not
unlike that in the print before Birkenhead s " Character of an Assembly-man."
J For an account of the various kinds of beards worn in this and the former
reign, see John Taylor s " Superbiae Flagellum," or Grey s " Hudibras," vol. i.
p. 300, edit. 1.
It appears that Charles I. cut off his love-lock in the year 1646. It is obvious
to remark here, that his present majesty cut off his hair soon after his return from
Portsmouth, in 1773. Numbers now begin to find that they grow gray, and are
troubled with the headach. || 1773.
OF ENGLAND. 259
The ruff, which of all fantastic modes maintained its possession
the longest, was worn, for some time after the accession of Charles;
but it had almost universally given place to the falling band, when
Vandyck v/as in England.*
Slashed doublets, doublets with slit sleeves, and cloaks, were
much in fashion.
Trunk breeches, one of the most monstrous singularities of dress
even seen in this, or any other age, were worn in the reigns of
James and Charles I.
1641 The forked shoes came into fashion, being almost as
long again as the feet, and not less an impediment to the action of
the foot than to reverential devotion. Short feet were soon thought
to be more fashionable.
1650 Men and women brought down the hair of their heads to
cover their foreheads, so as to meet their evebrows.
/
1634 It was not till the reign of Charles I. that one Captain
Bailey, of the navy, erected four hackney coaches, put his men in
livery, and appointed them to ply at the May-pole, in the Strand.
Hackney chairs were soon after introduced.
The points, which formerly used to be seen hanging about the
waist, are seen dangling at the knees, in some of the portraits of
this period.
Little flimsy Spanish leather boots, and spurs, were much worn
by gentlemen of fashion. It was usual for the beaus in England
and France,f to call for their boots, and some think their spurs too,
when they were going to a ball, as they very rarely wore the one
without the other.
Mr. Peck, the antiquarian, informs us, that he had in his pos
session, a whole length portrait of Charles, the dress of which he
thus describes : " He wore a falling band, a short green doublet,
the arm-parts, toward the shoulder, wide and slashed ; zig-zag
turned up ruffles ; very long green breeches (like a Dutchman),
tied far below knee, with long yellow ribands ; red stockings, great
shoe-roses, and a short red cloak, lined with blue, with a star on
the shoulder ."J
Ladies wore their hair low on the forehead, and parted in small
* A medal of Charles I. in p. 104 of Evelyn s " Numismata," represents him
with a ruff; another, p. 108, with a falling band. The author observes that the
bishops, and the judges, were the last that laid the ruff aside.
t See Bruyere.
t Peck s " Desiderata Curiosa," ii. lib. xv. p. 21.
260 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ringlets. Many wore it curled like a peruke, and some braided
and rounded in a knot, on the top of the crown. They frequently
wore strings of pearls in their hair. Ear-rings, necklaces, bracelets,
and other jewels, were also much worn.
Laced handkerchiefs, resembling the large falling band worn by
the men, were in fashion among the ladies : this article of dress
has been lately revived, and called a Vandyck*
Many ladies, at this period, are painted with their arms and their
bosoms bare ; and there is no doubt but they sometimes went with
those parts exposed.
Cowley, in his discourse " Of Greatness," censures some enor
mities in the dress of his time, in the following terms : " Is any
thing more common than to see our ladies of quality wear such
high shoes as they cannot walk in without one to lead them ? And
a gown as long again as their body ; so that they cannot stir to the
next room, without a page or two to hold it up ?"
The citizens wives, in this reign, seem to have had their domestic
sumptuary laws, and to have adopted the frugal maxims of their
husbands. There appears from Hollar s habitsf to have been a
much greater disparity, in point of dress, betwixt them and the
ladies of quality, than betwixt the former, and the wives of our
present yeomanry.
The dress of religion gave the highest offence to some gloomy
zealots in this reign, who were determined to strip her of her white
robe, | to ravish the ring from her finger, to despoil her of every
ornament, and clothe her only in black.
* It was revived by Lady Dysert, who is said to have taken her handkerchief
from a portrait of Henrietta Maria.
t Entitled " Theatrum Mulierum," &c.
$ The surplice, which was in derision called " a rag of popery," gave great
offence to many women of nice modesty and tender consciences, who thought it
highly indecent that a man should wear " a shirt upon his clothes." The devout
women in these days seem to have regarded this vestment with different eyes from
those of an honest country girl at Christ Church, in Oxford, who, upon seeing the
students returning from prayers in their surplices, blessed herself, and, in my hearing,,
said, with an ecstatic emphasis, that they looked like so many angels in white.
The matrimonial ring and the square cape were, by the Puritans, held in equal
detestation with the surplice, the liturgy, and church-music. The device on the
standard of Colonel Cook, a parliamentarian of Gloucestershire, was a man in,
armour cutting off the corner of a square cap with a sword. His motto was,
Muto quadrata rotundis,
alluding to the well-known appellation of the puritan party.
OF ENGLAND. 261
APPENDIX
TO
THE REIGN OF CHARLES I.
FOREIGN PRINCES, ALLIED TO THE
ROYAL FAMILY.
MARIA, de Medices, regina Francise, trium renum
mater. P. Pontius sc. Vandyck p. Martin Vanden
Enden* e.rc. h.sh.
MARY, of Medicis (or Medices), the queen-mother ;
with a view of the gate at St. James s. Vertue sc. A head
piece in Waller s Works ; 4to.
MARIA de Medicis ; Svo. Pourbus ; J. C. Viriiger.
MARIA de Medicis. Hondius.
MARIA de Medicis ; fol. Wierix.
MARIA de Medicis; whole length, seated on a
throne^ inscribed "La Courorme de Justice;" four
French verses.
MAR TA de Medicis; two angels holding a crown over
her head ; four French verses. Crispin de Passe sc.fec.
* The plates of many of Vandyck s heads, and some of his historical pieces, were
delivered to Vanden Enden, as soon as they came out of the engraver s hands:
those wrought off by him are valuable for the goodness of the impression.
262 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
MART A de Medicis; profile; wood-cut ; inscribed
" Maria Medici f. MDCXXXVII." rare.
MARIA de Medicis; in an oval; Svo. four French
verses. Pet r us Firens fecit.
MARIA Medicis, dressed in black. Le Blond exc.
There are several portraits of her in the Luxemburg gallery, par
ticularly in the beautiful print of her coronation. That print resem
bles the fine medals of her engraved by Du Pres, in some of which
she is represented with Henry IV.
Mary of Medicis was queen of Henry IV. of France, with whom
she lived in very little harmony.* Henry, like his grandson Charles II.
was too general an admirer of the sex to maintain the least appear
ance of ^fidelity in the marriage state. It was even whispered that
his inconstancy was the occasion of his death, and that it was not
without the privity of Mary. She was by the king her husband
appointed regent of France, during the minority of her son ; and
governed that kingdom under the influence of the Marquis of Ancre,
her favourite, and his lady. The former was assassinated by the
encouragement of the young king ; the latter was burnt for a witch,
but professed that she had no other power over the queen, than a
stronger has over a weaker head. In 1640 Mary was, by the vio
lence of a faction formed against her, driven to seek refuge in Eng
land, which was itself a scene of faction and tumult : she was even
insulted by the populace in the streets of London, on account of her
religion. Waller wrote a copy of verses on her landing, f
GULIELMUS, princeps Auriacus, conies Nas-
savise, &c. Alexander Cooper p. Ilenr. Hondius sc.
1641.
* One of the famous wishes of Henry IV. which he avowed to the Duke of Sully
was, that he might be fairly rid of Margaret his first queen. This was probably his
silent wish, at least, with respect to Mary.
t There is a print l>y M. Lasne, after Vandyck, inscribed " JOANNES PUGET DK LA
SERUE, a supremis Consiliis Regis Christianissinii Consiliarius dignissimus, Galliec
Historiographus eloqtientissimus, et quinquagiula librorum Auctor celeberrimus."
As this person has, in a folio volume, piven an account of the reception and enter
tainment of Mary of Medicis in England, it is probable that he was one of her
train. Hollar did several curious prints for ibis book.
OF ENGLAND. 263
WILLIAM, prince of Orange, &c. a small head,
by Marshall, in the same plate with the Princess Mary,
his consort.
WILLIAM, prince of Orange, after Vandyck, a small
half length. G.Vertuef. mezz.
WILLIAM, prince of Orange, father of King Wil
liam, attended by a person on horseback. Ter burgh p.
Cajjt. Baillie sc. h.sh. In the manner of Rembrandt.
WILLIAM, prince of Orange, on horseback, in
armour, hat and feather ; two Cupids crowning him with
laurel; view of a battle, 8$c. 1645. J.Levecque.
WILLIAM, c. in armour. Hondthorst ; Queboren ;
fol.
WILLIAM, &c. on horseback ; hat and feather ;
Allardt ; sheet.
WILLIAM, &c. M. 9, 1635; fol. Meriveldt ; Del/.
WILLIAM, &c. in a Vandyck dress ; cap and feather;
mezz. A. v. Dyck.
WILLIAM, &c. whole length. Honthorst; Saltier ^
1781; sheet.
WILLIAM, &c. W. Sherwin sc. small folio.
WILLIAM, &c. Del/; half sheet.
WILLIAM, &c. 4to. De Jode exc.
WILLIAM, prince of Orange, &c. by Faithornc.
Sold by Robert Peake ; fol.
264 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILLIAM, prince of Orange, Sec. Peter Quast ;
Crls. van Queboren scul.
WILLIAM, prince of Orange, born 1627; married
23d May, 1641 ; holding hat and feather; whole length.
W. Hollar ; rare.
A Copy. W. Richardson.
This young prince, before he was fifteen years of age, was mar
ried to Mary, eldest daughter of Charles I. who was then in her
eleventh year. The marriage was celebrated at St. James s the 22d
of February, 1640-1. He succeeded his father in all his honours
and commands, the 23d of Jan. 1648. He was a man of courage,
ambition, and enterprise ; and there is great reason to believe that
he intended to make himself absolute ; as he actually made an at
tempt to seize Amsterdam ; but he did not succeed. He died of
the small-pox, the 6th of Nov. 1650, in the twenty-fourth year of
his age. It was surmised that the chagrin, occasioned by his dis
appointment, contributed to his death. His posthumous son, Wil
liam, did not only preserve the republic of Holland, but delivered
Great Britain from arbitrary power, and made a noble and effectual
stand against the dangerous ambition of France, which threatened
the liberties of Europe.
"; . ;,., KNIGHTS OF THE GARTER, &c.
CLAUDE DE LORRAINE, due de Chevreuse,
pair de France, &c. 4to.
Installed This duke, who was brother to Charles, duke of Guise, was the
[623 "* king s proxy when he espoused the Princess Henrietta, whom he
attended into England in quality of ambassador extraordinary.* He
-N.
* Sir John Finet informs us,t that the king went to meet his consort at Canter
bury; and that the mayor " borrowed the recorder, master Henry Finch s mouth,
for a welcoming speech ;" by which expedient he acquitted himself with much ele
gance.
t " Philoxenis," p. 152.
OF ENGLAND. 265
\
was a man of an active and restless disposition, like several others
of his house, and was remarkable for his animosity against the Pro
testants. He died of an apoplexy, the 24th of Jan. 1667.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, king of Sweden, &c. Elected
1627.
(knight of the Garter). T.Cecill sc. 4to.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS; 4fo. W. Marshall sculp.
Sold by Tho. Jenner.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS ; sheet. M. Mierevelt p.
W. Del/; 1633.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS; 4fo. M. D. (roeshout);
six English verses.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, Sec. S. Furck.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, &c. eighteen Latin verses.
P. Virgil Mar o fee.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS; on horseback, in armour;
hand from the clouds holding a sword; sheet. Fran.
Hocius exc.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, &c. L. Killian ; 1630.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS; sheet. M.Lasne etJ.Briot.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS ; half sheet ; four Latin lines.
T. Tor zi fee.
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS, on horseback at the battle of
Leipsic, with views of cities, towns, &;c. Moncornet e.vc.
sheet ; fine.
His portrait, by Mierevelt, is in the collection of Charles Jen-
nens, esq. in Ormond-street, where there are many more paintings.
VOL. III. 2 M
266 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Sweden, which had been overlooked in the political system of
Europe, soon became considerable, by the heroic courage and re
fined politics of Gustavus Adolphus. This great man seemed to
be rising apace upon the ruins of the empire, which was extremely
weakened by his victories. He made as rapid a progress in his
conquests, as his successor Charles XII. and being a much more
profound politician, held almost all Christendom in anxious sus
pense, as his designs were impenetrable. He was killed the 16th*
of Nov. 1632, at the battle of Lutzen, where his army gained a
complete victory over the Imperialists. He was father to Christina,
queen of Sweden, of whom Gaywood has given us a print, and
Misson a picturesque description of her persomf The " Life of
Gustavus Adolphus," was lately published by Mr. Walter Harte,
canon of Windsor.
HENRICUS FREDERICUS, princeps Arausio-
* According to other accounts the 6th.f
t See Misson s letter from Rome in his " Travels." Some curious particulars
relative to her character, are in Lord Lyttleton s " Dialogues of the Dead."
J There have been various reports about the manner in which the great Gus
tavus Adolphus, the. asserter of German liberty, lost his life. Some say he was
assassinated by the direction of Cardinal Richelieu. Puffendorf in his " History of
Sweden," says, he lost his life by the hands of Francis Albert, duke of Lunenburg,
one of his generals, who was bribed by the Imperialists. But in the archives of
Sweden there hath lately been found a letter, which sets this matter in a different
light. It was written Jan. 21, 1725, by Mr. Andrew Goedny, provost of the chapter
of Vexis, to Mr. Nicholas Hawesdon Dahl, secretary of the archives of Sweden: the
substance of it is as follows " Being in Saxony in 1685, I discovered, by a happy
chance, the circumstances of the death of King Gustavus Adolphus. That great
prince had gone, only attended by one domestic, to reconnoitre the enemy. It
being a very thick fog, he unfortunately fell in with a post of the imperial troops,
who fired upon him, and wounded him, but did not kill him. The servant, in
bringing the king back to the camp, dispatched him with a pistol, and took the
glasses which the king used on account of his being near-sighted. I bought those
spectacles from the dean of Naumbourgh. The man who killed the king was very
old, and at the point of death when I was in Saxony. A remorse of his crime
troubled him extremely, and his conscience gave him no rest. He sent for the
above-mentioned dean, and confessed to him his horrid crime, with all its circum
stances. From this dean I learnt them, which I have deposited among, the archives
of Sweden. 1 immediately wrote these particulars from Germany to Baron PufFcn-
dorf, that he might insert them in his History of Sweden. He wrote me an answer
that his history was already printed in Holland, and that he had followed, in his
narration of his events, the sentiments of Chemintz," &c. &c.
V OF ENGLAND. . 267
nensium (Periscelidis eques). A.Vandyck p. P. Pon
tius sc. in armour, Jim ; large sh.
There is a curious print of him on his death-bed, with
his family and friends about him, in Cats s Works.
HENRY FREDERICK ; whole length ; Latin inscription.
W.Akersloot, 1628.
HENRY FREDERICK. F. Brun.
HENRY FREDERICK. C. v. Dalen.
HENRY FREDERICK, richly drest with a truncheon.
W. Delph sc.
HENRY FREDERICK, JEt. 43. Hondius.
HENRY FREDERICK. Van Dyck pinx* P. deJodesc.
HENRY FREDERICK ; large folio. S. Passe.
HENRY FREDERICK, in an oval; elevated on a throne
of steps, with many emblematical figures ; fourteen
Latin verses ; large sheet. A. Newland; S. Passe, 1627.
HENRY FREDERICK; oval. Passe.
HENRY FREDERICK ; fol. in an oval. G. Honthorst ;
J. van Meurs sc.
HENRY FREDERICK ; oval quarto. C. V. Queboren.
HENRY FREDERICK. Van Dyck ; C. Waumans.
HENRY FREDERICK; whole length, with English
inscription. P. Stent exc.
268 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
HENRY FREDERICK ; on his death-bed, with many
portraits. C. V.Dalen; half sheet. ,.v,
Elected Henry Frederick, son of William I. prince of Orange, and brother
to Prince Maurice, succeeded the latter, who was never married,
in his command, in the Low Countries. He was, in every respect,
worthy of his illustrious house; and was inferior to his brother
Maurice only in the number of his victories. He was particularly
remarkable for gaining several important conquests, with the loss of
but few men, and was called " the father of his soldiers." He died
at the Hague, the 14th of March, 1647. William II. prince of
Orange of that name, was his son, and William III. who became
king of England, his grandson.
FERDINANDUS II. Medices, magnus dux
Hetrurise quintus. Lucas Kilian ; Augustanus sc.
1628; 4*0. , ; M vgfc ,5\ >r : , [-T
FERDINANDUS II. small folio; rich ornamented bor
der of medals. Joan. Gellefec. et exc.
FERDINANDUS II. A. V. Dyck ; Lotharinjus, i. e.
Loronese.
Ferdinand II. grand duke of Tuscany, succeeded his father,
Cosmo II. in 1621, and died in 1670. Mr. Kennedy, who pub
lished "A Description of Pictures," &c. at the Earl of Pembroke s,
at Wilton, informs us, at page 20 of his book, edit. 1758, that
" A Silenus and Bacchus, a very fine group, and a Flora, both of
the Parian marble, were a present to the first Philip, earl of Pem
broke, by the Duke of Tuscany, who, in King Charles the First s
time, was in England, and resided with the said earl, three weeks.
It is very certain that his son, Cosmo III. was here in the following
reign."
PETRUS DE BERULLE, Cardinally Con-
gregat. Orat. D. J. Institutor. Champaignep. N. de
Plate Montaigne sc. 1661 ; h. sh.
OF ENGLAND. . 269
PETRUS DE BERULLE. V. Lochon, 1657.
PETRUS DE BERULLE; in Perrault ; J.Lubin.
Peter de Berulle was son of Claude Berulle, a judge of eminence,
and a counsellor in parliament, by Louisa Seguier, sister to the
chancellor. He first established the Spanish order of Carmelite
nuns in France, and had the principal hand in the establishment of
the fathers of the Oratory. He was a man of various learning, and
of a pious and humble character, and was remarkable for carrying
the hod, in building a chapel for these fathers. He industriously
declined honours and preferments, and made a vow never to accept
of a cardinal s hat. But when he went to Rome to procure a dis
pensation for the marriage of Henrietta Maria with the King of
England, he so far gained the esteem of the pope that he sent a hat
before him into France, together with an absolution from his vow,
and an order to accept it. He attended Henrietta into England,
where he was treated with great distinction, and received abundant
marks of esteem. He died in the act of celebrating mass ;* the 2d
of Oct. 1629, in the 55th year of his age. It was at his instance
that Descartes came to a resolution of publishing his philosophy ;
and that, in consequence of that determination, he retired into Hol
land. Berulle s character, together with his print, is in Perrault s
fine book, entitled " Lcs Homines illustres" &c. 1696, in two vo
lumes folio; a work which does great honour to the French nation.
The late Mr. Bateman had a curious carving of the cardinal, which
resembles his engraved portrait.
MESSIRE CHARLES DE LAUBESPINE,
marquis de Chateau Neuf, &c. ambassador extraord.
en Angleterre, ou il conclude la Paix entre deux
Couronnes, en 1630, &c. 4/0. in Darefs " Illust.
Frenchmen."
FRANCISCUS DE BASSOMPIERRE, marchio
d Harovel, Galliarum polemarchus generalis, Hel-
vetiorum et Rhsetorum pra3fectus. M. Lame del. et
sc. in armour; h. sh.
* The worthy author of this book died in the act of administrating the communion.
270 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
FRANCOIS DE BASSOMPIERRE, marechal de France;
in an oval ; Svo. J. Lamsveldfec*
Francis de Bassompierre, knight of the orders to Lewis XIII.
and marshal of France, was descended from a noble family in Lor-
rain, the head of which, as the marshal himself informs us, sprung
from the commerce of a woman with a spirit. He acted in a military
capacity, in several memorable battles and sieges ; particularly at
the famous siege of Rochelle ; and on all occasions gave signal
proofs of his valour and conduct. He was no less remarkable for
his amours,* of some of which he has given us the history. He
was employed in several embassies by Lewis, who sent him into
England in the beginning of the reign of Charles. In 1631 he was
sent to the Bastile, where he continued a prisoner as long as Car
dinal Richelieu lived. Here he wrote his " Memoirs," and his
" Remarks on Dupleix s History of Lewis XIII." Mr. Walpole, in
his advertisement prefixed to Hentzner s " Journey to England,"
has justly censured him for not knowing even the names of several
things of which he has written. He calls York-house Jorchaux,
and Kensington Inhimtkort. Ob, 1646.
CARDINAL CHARLES ROSSETTI; a medal
lion, in the " JEdes Barber ina"
CHARLES ROSSETTI. C.Blomart.
CHARLES ROSSETTI ; a circle. W. Richardson.
Cardinal Rossetti, a man of a haughty and aspiring disposition,
who was bold and active in the advancement of papal power, was
sent in the character of nuncio into England. He had a great sway
over Henrietta Maria ; of which the parliament loudly complained
in their declarations. f He was afterward sent in the same cha
racter into Ireland, where he took upon him the command of that
nation, as a people subject to the pope. The Irish, who were then
in arms, were so impatient of this domineering zealot, that they be
sieged him in Waterford, which occasioned him to return to Italy
with secrecy and precipitation ; as he perceived that the bigoted
* See Basic s " Diet." art. TOUCHET, note (C). t 1641.
OF ENGLAND. . 271
Catholics themselves were too much exasperated to pay any defe
rence to a tyrant, though invested with a sacred character, and armed
with the thunders of the Vatican. He, at his departure, left the
kingdom under an interdict, as an apostate nation.*
V HENRY DE SENNETERE, due, pair, et mare-
chal de France, marquis de la Fert, c. De Lar-
mess m sc. large 4to.
Sennetere was a man perfectly qualified to act the part of an in
cendiary betwixt the king and parliament, for which purpose he
was sent in the quality of ambassador into England ; and had the
satisfaction, when he left it, of having effectually served Cardinal
Richelieu and the popular leaders in the House of Commons, by
doing his utmost to kindle and foment a war, which was like to end
in the ruin of the royal party, and the extinction of monarchy. The
reasons assigned for his revocation, and the sending of Count Har-
court in the same character, are specified by Lord Clarendon, in the
second volume of his History. f
\
The MARQUIS DE VIEU-VILLE ; whole
length, from a fine original picture by Van Dyck, in the
collection of his Grace the Du/ce of Buckingham.
11. Cooper sc. Private plate.
,-w *
The MARQUIS DE VIEU-VILLE; oval; me.
Woodburn exc.
The Marquis de Vieu-Ville, a French nobleman, highly esteemed
for his virtues and great talents, engaged himself in the cause of
King Charles the First, behaved himself most gallantly, but was
slain while valiantly fighting at Anborn Chase, in September,
1643.
HENRI, compte d Harcourt, Sec. ivhiskers, peaked
beard, c. in Perraulfs u Homines Illusires"
There is an admirable print of Count d Harcourt engraved by
Masson, after Mignard, in 1667.
* Clarendon, iii. 3vo. p. 20,3. * P. 399, 8vo. edit.
272 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY -
HENRI, comte d Harcourt. Champagne; J. Morin.
HENRI, comte d Harcourt; foL J. le Blon.
HENRI, comte d Harcourt, on horseback ; view of
Turin, J. Humbelot.
Henry of Lorrain, count of Harcourt, who is well known in his
military character, came into England as an ambassador, in 1643;
under a pretence of mediating a peace betwixt Charles and the
parliament. But as Mazarin had adopted the political plan of
Richelieu, it was supposed that his secret intentions were to set
them farther at variance. As he soon found that this was impos
sible, he returned to France, without doing any thing, except " as
suring the king, that the French court had his interest much at
heart."* Ob. 1666. See more of him in De Retz s " Memoirs."
MICHAEL LE BLON, agent de la reyne et
couronne de Suede, chez sa majestie de la Grande
Bretagne. Vandyckp. Theo. Matham sc. h. sh.
Monsieur le Blon is mentioned by Mr. Walpole, among the col
lectors of the works of Hans Holbein. See " Anecdotes of Paint
ing," vol. I. p. 75, 76; 2d edit.
: CHRISTIAN THOMSON SEHESTED, A.F.f.
In Hof man s " Hommes il lustres de Danemarck."
Sir John Finet, who calls him Tomson, mentions his coming into
England, together with Brahe, his colleague, on an embassy from
/
* There are memoirs of a Count d Harcourt, which I remember to have seen ;
but am in great doubt whether they were of the same person with the above, or not.
The author of these memoirs observes, that the count, who had been in England,
thought this national reflection of one of his countrymen upon the English, a very
injurious one, " That they are among mankind, what wolves are among beasts ."t
Other French writers have represented us as a nation of bears, rather than wolves;
but Voltaire, as a nation of philosophers.
t This was Guy Patin. See the "Freeholder," No. 30.
OF ENGLAND. 273
Denmark.* Sehested was thirty-two years a senator of the realm,
and seventeen years chancellor to the king; and was distinguished
for his deep penetration, solid judgment, and unblemished integrity.
Ob. 1657.
GREGERS KRABBE, signeur de Tosteland.
Schky sc. direx, a small head, in Hofmans book.
Gregers Krabbe was knight of the order of the Elephant, and
viceroy of Norway. He was sent hither by the King of Denmark,
in the reign of Charles I. on account of the differences betwixt that
prince and his parliament. He had the character of an able mi
nister. Ob. 18 Dec. 1655.
MOGENS SEHESTED, whose head is also in
Hofman s book, was employed as an envoy from
Denmark to several courts of Europe, particularly
to that of England. He attended Ulric, the prince
royal, hither, when he visited Charles I. He was
much esteemed by Christian IV. and was, by Fre
deric III. honoured with the order of the Elephant.
Ob. 1657.
There is a print, by Meyssens, of STEPHEN DE
GEMARA, a knight of St. Jago, who had several
great employments, under the King of Spain, in the
Low Countries, and who was sent hither in the
quality of ambassador.
JOANNES POLYANDER, S. S. Theologian
* " Philoxenis," p. 220. It appears from the following anecdote, at p. 236 of
the same book, that he was here in the mayoralty of Sir Hugh Hammersley, who
was elected in 1627.
Sehested, when Brahe was indisposed, sent Sir Hugh word that lie would dine
with him ; but being given to understand, that he would not yield him the prece
dence, as it was an established custom for the lord mayor to take place of all persons,
except the king, within the city, he changed his mind, and evaded the visit.
VOL. III. 2 N
274 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Professor, 4to. In Meursiuss " Athene Batava"
There is a Jim print of him by Suyderhoef.
JOANNES POLYANDER; fol. Baudringeen pmr.
C. v. Dalen sc.
JOANNES POLYANDER, JEt. 51. Mirevelt pinv.
W.Del/sc. >- v.-;,- v ; . )
JOANNES POLYANDER; Latin inscription; folio.
A. Matham sc.
John Polyander was sent hither, in the character of ambassador,
in the reign of Charles I. He was twenty years minister of the
church of Dort, and fourteen years professor of divinity at Leyden;
during- which time, he was thrice rector of that university. His
works are chiefly on theological subjects. He was also author of
various poems, which were collected and published by his friends.
JOHANNES DE REEDE, Dom. de Rensvorde,
&c. W. Hollar f. 1650; 4to. ^^
JOHANNES DE REEDE ;. in Simons "Medals"
/?. 22. v> , : ^ r ^ v- - : ^- to w ! yvi\OC
John de Reede was sent hither as ambassador from the states of
Holland, to compose the difference betwixt the king and parlia
ment. He laboured earnestly in the prosecution of this laudable
design, and recommended himself so much to Charles, that, in
1645, he created him a baron. There is a medal of him among the
works of the Simons, plate xxii. in which is also a medal of
ALBERT JOACHIM, another Dutch ambassador,
who was long resident in England ; in Simons.
Medals" p. 22.
"
JAURAR BEN ABDELLA (Abdallah), ambas
sador from Mully Mahamed Shegue, emperor of
OF ENGLAND. 275
Morocco, &e. G lover f. small 4fo. Before a pamphlet,
containing an account of his arrival and entertainment,
together with his associate, Mr. Robert Blake, 1637.
Jaurar Ben Abdallah, lord chamberlain, privy seal, and prime
minister to the Emperor of Morocco, was a native of Portugal,
whence he was stolen away in his childhood, and detained in cap
tivity.* He and his associate, Mr. Blake, were, by the city as well
as the court, treated with such ceremony and magnificence as had
scarce ever been seen in England on the like occasion. When he
came to the Banqueting-house, at Whitehall, where the court was
assembled, he was surprised at the grandeur and brilliancy of the
scene, and was particularly struck with the beauty of the ladies.
He said, with an eastern emphasis, that beauty is glorious and ami
able beyond all things in the world; and that such beauty as was then
before his eyes had more force in it than all the letters of the alphabet,
The ladies were highly pleased with the compliment, as it intimated
that their charms were more than could be expressed by all the
powers of language. The design of this embassy was to cultivate
the friendship and alliance of the English, who had been serviceable
to the emperor in his wars, and been favoured by the dismission of
a great number of their countrymen from slavery.
Mr. Robert Blake was a merchant, who farmed the emperor s
ports and customs, and was, by his address and management, a
principal instrument in procuring the liberty of the captives.
P. P. RUBENS, (ambassador, &c.) large hat,
gold chain; sold by J. Clark ; large 4to.
Peter Paul Rubens, who, from the number and excellence of his
works, seems to have been employed only as a painter, was sent on
several embassies by the Infanta Isabella ; and afterward made
secretary of state. He came into England to negotiate a peace
betwixt Philip the IVth of Spain and Charles I.f which was soon
* The author of the pamphlet says, that he was " distesticled or eunuched."
t These two princes, who were remarkable for the same elegant taste for the
arts, seemed to vie with each other in collecting pictures by the most eminent
masters; and soon raised them to double their former value. A great part of the
collection of Charles passed into the hands of Philip, who was, by his agent, the
principal purchaser at Hie sale of the king s eiFects. 1 have scenljcveral of these
rotting in the Escurial, through dampness and neglect.
276 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
21 Feb. concluded. The king conferred on him the honour of knighthood,
3630. an( j en g a ged him to paint the Banqueting-house at Whitehall. Ru
bens is so highly celebrated as an artist that the rest of his character
is little attended to : but if he had never handled a pencil, his ac
complishments as a gentleman, a scholar, and a statesman, would
have set him far above the common level of mankind. He was
master of six languages : several of his Latin letters are among the
elegant Epistles of Baudius.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS. M. Burghers sc. ad
TabulamAnt.Vandyck; in Bibliotheca Bodleiana ; 4to.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS, &c. from the same, original
with the above. Vertue sc. 1743 ; frontisp. to his " Ety-
mologicum Anglicanum" by the Reverend Mr. Lye ;
"
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS. Vandyck p. a tail-piece, in
the Latin " Life of Alfred ;" published by the Reverend
Mr. Wise.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS. Hollar f. I2mo.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS. Vander Werffp. P. a Gunst
sc. Before the folio editions of his book "De Pictura
Veterum"
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS, F.F. ytat. XXXXIX. A.
Van Dyck pinx. Winceslaus Hollar fecit ; holding a
book ; two Dutch verses, " Dits Junius
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS ; " Beat a Tellus Gallica qua
dedit" 8$c. J. Bassemeeker exc.
FRANCISCUS JUNIUS, F. N.I.V. D. et Professor
in Academia Groningae.
Francis, son of Francis Junius, the famous divine, was brought
into England by Thomas, earl of Arundel, who appointed him his
OF ENGLAND. 277
librarian, and kept him in his family thirty years. His learning
was various ; but he particularly excelled in the knowledge of the
Saxon and northern languages, in which he was exceeded by none
of his age ; as the late Mr. Lye, editor of his " Etymologicum,"
and the " Gothic Gospels," has been exceeded by none of the pre
sent. He, with great pains, selected from the Greek and Latin
authors every thing relative to " the painting of the ancients," on
which subject he published a book, first in Latin, 4to. 1637; and
the next year, an English translation of it: but with all his pains,
he has left us much in the dark as to this subject.* The first
Latin edition of his book was afterward much improved with cata
logues of various artists, and their works, collected by himself, and
published by Grsevius, fol. 1694. Ob. 19 Nov. 1697. See his
article in the " General Dictionary," or the " Athen. Oxon."
, AMOS COMENIUS. Hollar f. small Qvo.
AMOS COMENIUS. T. Cross sc. frontlsp. to Ids
" Orbis Sensualium Pictus^ 1685; \2rno.
JOANNES AMOS COMENIUS. Noval, Londini, sc.sh.
JOANNES AMOS COMENIUS, ^2#. 50, 1642; pre-
fixedto his " Pansophy" I2mo. G. Glover.
Amos Comenius, a Moravian divine, was justly esteemed the
greatest schoolmaster of this age. He was employed in the in
struction of youth in several countries, and in the latter part of
his life settled at Amsterdam. His " Janua Linguarum Reserata,"
was translated into twelve European languages, and also into the
Arabic, Turkish, Persian, and Mogul.f His " Orbis Sensualium
Pictus, or a Picture and Nomenclator of all the chief things in the
World, and of Men and Employments therein," is an excellent book
in its kind.J He came into England in 1641, by desire of the par-
* The principal authors that treat of ancient painting and painters, are Quinli-
lian, lib. xii. cap. 10. and Pliny, lib. xxxv. cap. 9 and 10.
t Bayle.
t Mr. Evelyn, speaking of this book, says, " I do boldly affirm it to be a piece
of such excellent use, that the like was never extant, however it comes not yet to be
perceived," &c. " Sculptura." 3d edit. p. 123. An improved edition of this book,
with better cuts, is much wanted.
278 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
liament, to reform the method of education : but that assembly
was too much employed in the reformation of government and re
ligion, to attend to that of learning. Comenius was an enthusiastic
visionary, and a great pretender to prophecy. He collected the
Prophecies of Kotterus and Drabicius, which he published at Am
sterdam, with remarks of his own. He sent a copy of this book to
Lewis XIV. and plainly signified that God had promised him,
what his own ambition seemed to grasp at, " the empire of the world."
He was very confident that the Millennium would commence in
1672, but did not live to see the falsity of his prediction. The
famous Madam Bourignon and he were great admirers of each
other. He died, according to Bayle, the 15th of Nov. 1671 ; but
according to the inscription on Noval s print, published for the
Moravian brethren, the 25th of Nov. 1670. He is, in this inscrip
tion, styled "Anatolicae Ecclesice, quse Unitas Fratrvm vocatur,
Prceses;" but in an epistle addressed to Charles II. in behalf of
these brethren, he calls himself " Episcopus indignus." See the
epistle in Kennet s " Register and Chronicle," p. 530, 531.
FREDERICUS SPANHEMIUS, SS. Theol.
Doctor, &c. JBf. 47, 1647. J. Suyderhoef sc. *
FRED. SPANHEMIUS, &c. Mt. 44, 1644. V. Negre
plnx. C. v. Dalensc. 1644.
FRED. SPANHEMIUS ; mezz. half sheet. J. van Somcr
ad vivum sculp.
Frederick Spanheim, a native of the Upper Palatinate, who was
professor of divinity at Geneva, and afterward at Leyden, was one
of the most learned and laborious men of the seventeenth century,
and deserves to be ranked with the greatest and best divines of that
age. Few, if any, of his contemporaries contributed more to the
advancement of genuine learning and useful knowledge, which he
promoted by private instruction, by public discourses from the pro
fessor s chair and the pulpit, and by corresponding with the learned
in almost every part of Europe. His polite manners would have
become a court, and his knowledge of the world would have
qualified him for the most considerable offices of state. He died
fuller of literary and virtuous fame than of years, in 1649. He is
OF ENGLAND. 279
mentioned here, as having been several months in England, in
1625. Two of his sons, one of whom was ambassador to the
English court, in the reign of William III. and Anne, were of dis
tinguished learning and merit. His "Dubia Evangelica" are
among his most remarkable works in divinity ; and his funeral ha
rangue upon the death of Henry Frederick, prince of Orange, is the
most finished of his orations.
HOLGER WIND. Folkema f. a bust. In Hof-
man.
Holger Wind, lord of Harrested, privy-counsellor, &c. to the
King of Denmark, was twice in England in the early part of his
life, but not in a public character. The second time of his arrival
was on the day on which Archbishop Laud was beheaded. He
served three kings, with credit to himself and emolument to his
country, in various employments of trust and honour. He was
governor to Christian V. and acquitted himself with the highest
approbation in that important employment. Ob. 1683.
(VINCENT) VOITURE. Champaigne p. Nan-
tueil sc. 1649; h. sh. This is copied by Vertue and
others.
VINCENT VOITURE. Faithorne.
VINCENT VOITURE. J. Lubin sc.
Voiture was famous for introducing new and easy graces inta
the French language, arid giving a more agreeable turn to many
trite and familiar modes of expression, by a happiness peculiar to
himself.* His irony has been particularly admired for its singu
larity and address. He, as well as the courtly Waller, was the
poet of the fair; and both have celebrated the charming Countess-
of Carlisle. f It has been observed, that few authors have suffered
so much by translation as Voiture. His native beauties are of too
* I have somewhere seen this expressed by a variation upon too Greek words r
tt JCOiVw? >tai xoiva. naivSa/;.
t It appears, by Voituse s Letters, that he was in England in 1633.
280 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
delicate a kind to be copied in a foreign language. The following
lines of Swift are characteristic of this original author :
Voiture in various lights displays
That irony which turns to praise :
His genius first found out the rule
For an obliging ridicule :
He natters with peculiar air
The brave, the witty, and the fair :
And fools would fancy lie intends
A satire where he most commends.
Swift s Verses to Del?my.*
RENATUS DESCARTES, nobilis Gallus, &c.
natus Hagse Turonum, pridie cal. April, 1596.
Denatus Holmise, cal. Feb. 1659. F. Hals p. J. V.
Meurs sc.
RENATUS DESCARTES ; folio, in a square. C. V. Dakn
sc. Latin inscription.
RENATUS DESCARTES. F.Hals; Edelinck*
RENATUS DESCARTES. F. Hals; Ficquet. ^
RENATUS DESCARTES. F.Hals; Suyderhoef. v
RENATUS DESCARTES. F.Hals; W/e. /*>-,; 1 7 ....
RENE DESCARTES. F. Hals; Portman; in " Mus.
Francois."
Renatus Descartes, a native of Hay, in Touraine, was long
esteemed the prince of philoshophers. His lively and penetrating
genius discovered itself at an early period ; but his pursuits in
science were some time interrupted by serving in the army. He
disdained to tread in the steps of any of his predecessors in philo
sophy, which occasioned his applying himself much more to think
ing than to reading. Hence it is that his " Principia," his " Me
ditations," and other works have more of originality, as well as a
greater appearance of truth than those of any other philosopher,
* Vol. xvi. of his works, 8vo. p. 286.
OF ENGLAND. 281
except the great Newton. Happy had it been for mankind, if
there had been less of verisimility and more of demonstration in his
philosophy; as it was the foundation of modern scepticism, an
event absolutely unsuspected by the worthy author.* The reign
of Descartes was longer than could have been expected for so
visionary a philosopher : the throne of Newton appears to be fixed
upon a solid, perhaps an everlasting foundation. Descartes created
a world of his own ; Newton explained the laws of the universe as
it came from the hands of the great Creator. He came into Eng
land in the reign of Charles I. where he made some curious obser
vations relative to the variation of the magnet. He was afterward
strongly solicited by Mr. Charles Cavendish, brother to the Earl
of Newcastle, to settle here ; and the king would have made ample
provision for him ; but he thought it prudent to decline his ma
jesty s offer, as he was then threatened with a civil war. Descartes
contributed greatly to the fame of Harvey, by asserting his doc
trine of the circulation of the blood. He held a correspondence
with Mr. Cavendish, Mr. Hobbes, Sir Kenelm Digby, and Dr.
Henry More, who was a passionate admirer of his philosophy. Ob.
10 Feb. 1650, ^. 54.
OLAUS WORMIUS, Medicines, in Academia
Hafniensi, Doctor et Professor Regius, Anno 1648,
JEt. 60. Alb. Hadwech sc. 4to. There is a good print
of him, after Charles Van Marnier, before his " Mu
seum;" fol. 1655.
OLAUS WORMIUS ; in Freherus.
OLAUS WORM, D. Medicinee, in Academia Regia
Hafnise Professor Publicus, 2Et. 38, 1626. Simon
de Passe sculp. Svo. six Latin verses.
Olaus Wormius, an antiquary of the first class, who is mentioned
in the highest terms by those authors who best knew his excellence,
was by his learning and sagacity qualified to make such discoveries
as baffled the attempts of his predecessors. He, in his " Literatura
Runica," has happily explained the old Cimbrian inscriptions which
occur in every nation where the Gothic arms and letters prevailed.
* See Beattie s " Essay," p. 217, edit. 3.
VOL. III. 2 O
282 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
He also explained those Runic monuments which are dispersed
through the Danish and Norwegian kingdoms, in a work which
probably occasioned his travelling into England : it is entitled
"Monumenta Danica." His " Museum," which was published by
his son, shews him to have been an inquisitive and industrious
naturalist, and a collector of such curiosities as tended to the illus
tration and improvement of useful knowledge.* See more of him
in Nicolson s " English Historical Library," p. 54, 55.
Effigies JOANNIS BANFI, Hunijadis, Rivulen-
sis, Ungari, Hermeticse Philosophise Scrutatoris, et
Artis spagyricse, Anglo-Londini, Professoris ; qui
Aurum et Argentum destruxit, et reduxit in Mercu-
rium, per Mercurium, &c. fixum sine Mercurio, fecit
volatile : Corpora fecit incorporea ; &c. In a scroll
is this inscription : " Est in Mercurio quicquid qucz-
runt sapientes" Below the oval is JEt. 70, 1646. Gul.
Marshall f. 4to. Another by Hollar, I2mo.
JOHANNIS BANFI. W. Richardson.
This man, who was far gone in philosophical fanaticism, was a
noted alchymist, and a particular friend of Mr. Ashmole. Having
discovered the secret of reducing gold and silver into mercury, he
unfortunately fancied that he was very near converting that mineral
into gold. All his passions and pursuits seem to have centred in
his laboratory, as he was fully possessed with a notion that all
valuable knowledge was comprehended in chymistry.
By help of this, as he profest,
He had first matter seen undrest,
And took her naked all alone,
I Before one rag of form was on. HUDIBRAS.T
* Our countryman Hearne, who had more merit than is commonly allowed him,
and who, exclusive of his monkish collections, has furnished much curious and useful
matter for the English historian, antiquary, and biographer, is described by Mr. Pope,
under the appellation of WORMIUS, which he, doubtless, thought a pretty poetical
name for a devourer of old books and manuscripts; not perhaps considering that it be
longed to a person who was an ornament to letters, and an honour to his country.
t The first hint, as it seems, of these admirable lines, was taken from Cleaveland s
" Character of a London Diurnal," where is this expression : " Before Materia Prima
can put on her smock."
OF ENGLAND. 283
Though the world was inclined to laugh at this smoke-dried
mercurialist, and the rest of that lean fraternity, it is much more
indebted to them than is commonly imagined ; as while they were
engaged in anxious search of the philosopher s stone, which they
could never find, they frequently stumbled upon things which were
well worth finding.
A Siamese Priest ; a whole-length figure, exactly
imitated by Captain William Baillie, from a capital draw
ing in Hack chalk, in the collection of John Barnard,
esq. Underneath is an inscription which informs us,
that he arrived at the court of Charles I. as an attendant
to the ambassador of his nation, when Rubens, who took
the drawing, was preparing to leave England.
Madame la Duchesse de CHEVREUSE. Jean le
Blond sc. h. sh. Under the portrait is an inscription,
in which she is complimented for her beauty.
MARIE DE ROHAN, Duchesse de Chevreuse, &c.
4to. In Daret s " Illust. Franc."
The Dutchess of Chevreuse was in the first class of the gay and
gallant ladies of France ; and the sallies of her wit were such as
would not have disgraced the finest geniuses of any age or country.
It was as natural for her to love as to see ; and her passion was
constant, though she frequently changed its object. She, on some
occasions, entered, with all the spirit that was natural to her, into
the depth of politics ; and would doubtless have been as deep in re
ligion, if it could have been connected with gallantry. It is not to
be admired at, that a constitution which enabled her to swim across
the Thames* should be amorous in an extraordinary degree. Had
she been in the same situation with Hero, she would have swum
* In a little volume of poems, by Sir J. M. is a copy of verses complimenting
her on this talent, which is not mentioned among her political or amorous adventures
in the " Memoirs of De Retz."
J. (ohn) M. (ennis) and J. S. (mith) entitled, " Musarum Deliciae, or the Muses
Recreation," 1656; 2d ed. duodecimo.
284 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
across the Hellespont to have met her Leander. It was probably
some love affair that occasioned her crossing the British channel
a second time ;* certain it is that she had intrigues with the Duke
of Buckingham and the Earl of Holland, in France. It appears
from Wren s " Parentalia,"f that she was at Windsor in 1638, when
Prince Charles was installed knight of the Garter.
* She came first into England with the duke her husband, in 1625,t in which year
her daughter Charlotte Maria, of whom there is a print, was born at Richmond. It
appears from the " Abrege Chronologique de 1 Histoire de France,"^ that she also
had issue by the constable De Luines, her first husband.
t P. 150.
t Finet s " Philoxenis," p. 153. P. 660.
OF ENGLAND. 285
CHARLES II.
BEGAN HIS REIGN THE 30th OF JANUARY, 1648-9.
THE INTERREGNUM.
CLASS I.
THE ROYAL FAMILY, &c.
CHARLES II. inscribed, " This is Charles the
First s heir" Faithorne sc.
CAROLUS II. Van Hoeck p. Hollar f. 1650, 4to.
CHARLES II. crowned king of Scotland, Jan.], 1651 ;
in armour.
CAROLI, Scotorum Regis, viva et novissima Ef
figies. Hanneman p. Gay wood f. h.sh.
CHARLES II, &c. king of Scotland, France, and
Ireland. J. Chantry sc. In a square of oaken foliage ;
large 4to.
After the Scots had urged, or rather compelled Charles to take
the covenant, and had actually degraded him to the impotent con
dition of a doge, they crowned him king at Scoon, January 1,
1650-1.
CHARLES II. now at the head of a gallant and nu
merous army. C. Van Dalcn sc. Svo.
286 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CHARLES II. was proclaimed king, 8$c. at Worces
ter, 23 Aug. 1651, "4 to.
Charles, soon after his coronation in Scotland, marched into
England at the head of a numerous army. But he that was the
shadow only of a king, was little more than the shadow of a general:
he commanded subjects who would not obey, and an army which
would not fight.* He was presently defeated at the battle of Wor
cester, by Cromwell, who called this decisive action his crowning
victory.
CHARLES II. and Major CARELESS, in an oak, h.sh.
Stcnt.
Upon the defeat at Worcester, Charles and this gentleman eluded
the search of Cromwell s emissaries, by concealing themselves in
an oak, in Boscobel Wood, on the borders of Staffordshire. After
the restoration, the oak seemed to be held in as great veneration by
the English, as it ever was among the ancients. Oak-leaves were
worn on the 29th of May, by people of all ranks : the very horses
were dressed with boughs, and every tower was crowned with
branches of oak. The populace regaled themselves in oaken
bowers, and the sign of the Royal Oak was erected in almost every
town and village in the kingdom. The people went in pilgrimages
to the tree itself: a great part of it was cut away, and converted
into tobacco-stoppers, hafts of knives, and other memorials ; and
many plants were propagated from its acorns. The remains of this
tree are enclosed with a brick wall, the inside of which is covered
with laurel. f
CHARLES II. in disguise, riding before Mrs. Lam;
Lord Wilmot at a distance. M. Vandergucht sc. h.sh.
engraved for Clarendon s " History," Svo. See Mrs.
LANE, Class XI.
* It must be acknowledged, that some part of the royal army fought with prodi
gious bravery. The Highlanders, as we are informed by Walker, even stood to fight
after they had lost their legs, and covered the very spot with their dead bodies, which
they undertook to defend. See " Hist, of Independency," Part iv. p. 23.
t Stabis, inediamque tuebere quercum.
Ovid. " Met." lib. i. v. 563.
The root of the tree is yet to be seen.
OF ENGLAND. 287
CAROLUS Secundus,&c. Hanneman p. H.Danckers
sc. large h. sh.
CAROLUS II. R. Nason p. C. Van Dakn sc. large
h. sh.
HENRIETTA MARIA, queen-dowager; without
inscription; black veil ; engraved without hatching, in
the manner of Mellan. G. F. (Fait home) sc. h. sh.
HENRIETTA MARIA. G. Faithornef. Before " The
Queens Closet opened" 1655, \1rno.
HENRIETTA MARIA. R. Cooper sc.
HENRIETTA MARIA; a crown on her head; half
length. Ro. Walton exc.
This unhappy princess, who was daughter of Henry the Great of
France, and inherited much of her father s spirit, is said to have
been reduced to the cruel necessity of applying to Cromwell for
something towards her support, as queen-dowager of England.
Certain it is, that she had but a small pension from the French
court, and that but very ill paid. See the reigns of CHARLES I.
and II.*
JACOBUS, dux Eboracensis, M. 18, 1651.
Tcniers p. Hollar f. h. sh. In an oval of palms. This
print is very rare.
JAMES, second son of the late king, lieutenant-general of the
French army ; 4to. See the reigns of Charles I. and II.
Princeps ELIZABETHA, filia secunda Carol!
Primi. Hollar f. 1650, in an oval, I2mo.
* When I refer from the Interregnum to the reign of Charles II. I mean his
actual reign, after the Restoration.
288 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
ELIZABETH STEWARD (Stuart) second daughter
to the late king ; an angel taking a black veil from her
head; Stent ; four English verses. This print is pre
fixed to the " JElectra of Sophocles ; presented to her
Highness the Lady Elizabeth, with an Epilogue, shew
ing the parallel in two Poems, the Return, and the Res
toration, by C. (hristopher) W. (ase) Printed at the
Hague 1649, 8vo." *> ^ * ^ ^ U ^ > ^
ELIZABETH ; a small whole length. (Faithorne.)
ELIZABETH ; a bust. Mellan.
ELIZABETH; an oval. W.Richardson.
ELIZABETH d Angleterre, Femme du Roy de
Boheme, &c. 1658. B. Moncornet exc. 4to.
I have given some account of this princess, in the reign of
James I. I shall only add here, that she came into England the
17th of May, 1661 ; that she was then betwixt sixty and seventy
years of age, and was one of the most sprightly and agreeable
women of her years in the kingdom. She died the 1 3th of Fe
bruary, 1661-2.
CAROLUS LUDOVICUS, Palatinus Rheni, Dux
Bavariae, S. R. Imperil Elector. Hondthorst p.
C. Vischer sc. P. Soutman dirigente, Ami. 1650 ; a
large head, sh.
CHARLES LEWIS, Count Palatine, holding a rich
sword in one hand, and a crown in the other, dated 1656.
W. Vaillantf. h.sh.
Charles Lewis, elector palatine, who died suddenly on the road
between Manheim and Frankendal, aged 63, on the 28th of August,
1680, was succeeded in his electorate by his son Charles; who
dying without heirs, the 16th of May, 1685, the family became
OF ENGLAND. 289
extinct, and the electoral dignity, with all its appendages,- devolved
to the house of Newburg. See the reign of CHARLES I.
WILHELMUS HENRICUS, prince of Orange,
son of the princess royal; on horseback. Stent ; 4to.
He appears to be about eight years of age.
GULIELMUS HENRICUS, D. G. Princeps Auriacus,
&c. a child, whole length, with a playing dog ; a crown
on the table. A. Swart sma fecit.
The reader may see several curious medals relating to the infancy
and childhood of this prince, together with many others struck in
his more advanced age, in the " Histoire Metalique" of the Low
Countries. His metallic history is more complete than that of
any of the princes of Europe, except that of Lewis the Fourteenth.
OLIVER CROMWELL, lord - protector, &c.
From a most excellent limning, by Samuel Cooper, in the
possession of Sir Thomas Frankland, hit. 1653.* G.
Vertue sc. Engraved for Rapins History. There is an
other, from the same original, in 8vo. by Vertue.
OLIVER CROMWELL. Cooper p. Houbrakensc. In
the collection of the Duke of Devonshire ; Illust. Head,
profile.
OLIVER CROMWELL, &c. P.Lelyp. 1653. J.
Faberf. 1740. E. collection W. Poulet, gen. h. sh.
mezz.
OLIVER CROMWELL. Lely p. Faberf. sh. mezz.
From a picture in the collection of Lord James Ca
vendish .
* Sold by Lady Franklaud to Miss Chudleigh, afterward dutchess of Kingston.
LOUD OR FORD.
VOL. III. 2 P
290 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
He ordered Lely, when he drew his portrait, to be faithful in
representing every blemish or defect that he could discover in his
face.*
OLIVERIUS CROMWELL, &c. (Walkerp.) Lombartsc.
His son Richard is represented tying on his scarf ; h.
sh.^ There is a copy of this by Gay wood.
Mr. Evelyn, who personally knew Cromwell, informs us, that
this print is the strongest resemblance of him. That gentleman,
who studied physiognomy, fancied that he read " characters of the
greatest dissimulation, boldness, cruelty, and ambition, in every
touch and stroke" of his countenance.].
OLIVERIUS CROMWELL. R. Walkerp. P.Pelham
eve. 1723; h. sh. mezz.
OLIVER CROMWELL. Walkerp. Faberf. 4 to. mezz.
OLIVER CROMWELL. Walker p. Car eat Successi-
bus opto. h. sh. mezz.
OLIVER CROMWELL. Walkerp. Picart sculp, dir.
(sculpturam direxit), 1724, 4to.
* Cromwell s nose, which was remarkably red and shining, was the subject of
much ridicule. Cleaveland, in his character of a London Diurnal, says, " This
Cromwell should be a bird of prey, by his bloody beak ; his nose is able to try a
young eagle whether she be lawfully begotten; but all is not gold that glisters."
Again : " Cromwell s nose wears the dominical letter."
t The original picture was certainly in the possession of the Earl of Bradford, in
1739. The figure, which I am persuaded is Richard Cromwell, has been called
Lambert. Is it probable, that Lambert should be painted tying on Oliver s scarf?
or, if it were, is it consistent with probability, that he should be represented so
young? I say nothing of the features, which are seen, at the first glance, to be more
like Richard s than Lambert s. I am assured, from unquestionable authority, that
a copy, or repetition^ of this picture, was called Oliver and his son Richard, in the
Earl of KinnouFs family, at Duplin, in Scotland. A copy of the same original, by
Richardson, at Stow, was called Cromwell and his Page j and I think this page has
been said to be Sir Peter Temple.
J " Numismata," p. 339, 340.
Another done by tjie same painter, and deemed original.
OF ENGLAND. 291
It is well known, that the Grand Duke of Tuscany gave 500/. to
a relation of Cromwell, for his picture, by Walker.* This portrait
is now in the Old Palace, at Florence, where there is a celebrated
cast of his face.f
OLIVERXUS CROMWELL. Wandeck (Vandyk) p.
P. Lombart sc. large sh.
This is the print of Charles I. and the supposed Duke of Espernon.
The face of Charles is altered to that of Cromwell.
OLIVER CROMWELL, neatly and exactly etched., by
Bretherton, from the picture given by Mr. Hollis to
Sidney College, in Cambridge, 4to.
OLIVARIUS Primus. Faithornef. 4to.
OLIVARIUS, Britannicus Heros. Fait home f. In
armour, on horseback, 4to. From the " Parallelum
, nee non Olivarii," fol.
* See Graham s "Essay towards an English school," &c. Artie. WALKER.
t We are informed, in Breval s " Travels,"}: that this cast was done from a mould
taken from Cromwell s face, a few moments after his decease, " through the dexterous
management of the Tuscan resident in London." The author observes, " that there
is something more remarkably strong and expressive in it, than in any picture or
bust of that usurper he had ever seen." The Earl of Corke tells us, that " it bears
the strongest characteristics of boldness, steadiness, sense, penetration, and pride,"
and that he cannot yield to the assertion of its having been taken from his face after
his death, as " the muscles are strong and lively, the look is fierce and commanding.
Death sinks the features, renders all the muscles languid, and flattens every nerve. "
I, who have seen the characteristic head of Henry VII. at Strawberry-hill, which is
unquestionably a cast from a mould wrought off from that politic prince s face, pre
sently after his decease, and a model for his monumental effigy in Westminster
Abbey, am inclined to dissent from the Earl of Corke. It seems to be such a re
presentation of him as Raphael would have drawn the moment he expired.
J Vol. in. p. 154, 155.
From an extract of a letter of the Earl of Corke, dated Florence, October 30,
1754, communicated by the ingenious Mr. Buncombe, of Canterbury. This curious
totter was lately printed, with several others.
292 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
OLIVER CROMWELL; O.C.P.R. at the corners of
the print ; sh. This portrait is chiefly engraved by
Slipping, or Dotting.
OLIVER CROMWELL, &c* A. P. Paris ; Boisseven.
OLIVER CROMWELL, &c. Under the print, which
was sold at Paris, are eight Latin verses. See a par
ticular account of it in the " Biographia," p. 1568, note
OLIVER CROMWELL, protecteur van Engeland, &c.
large oval ; ornaments ; sh.
OLIVER CROMWELL. Rombout Vanden Hoeye exc.
on horseback ; large sh.
OLIVER CROMEWLL; an etching , prefixed to the
"Narrative of his embalmed Head blown from the top of
Westminster Hall, and exhibited in Bond-street, 1799.
OLIVARIUS CROMWELL. Segerdt Tiebans exc, on
horseback ; large sh.
OLIVER CROMWELL, in armour. R. Walker ; F.
Bartolozzi; 1802; half sheet.
OLIVER CROMWELL. R.Walker; W.Sherwin; foL
rare.
OLIVER CROMWELL ; with a rope from the clouds
round his neck; to "Flagellum, or Life and Death of
O. C." Svo. 1663.
OLIVER CROMWELL; in an oval; with arms; G.
Schoieten; Svo.
OLIVER CROMWELL; whole length; in armour;
OF ENGLAND. 293
standing on a globe; l( Inspirato Diabolical Soldiers
and others cutting down " The Royal Oak of Brit-
tayne ;" small folio.
OLIVER CROMWELL, with his Page. Trevithian.
OLIVER CROMWELL, on horseback; " Invictissimus
Archistrategus Primarius in Anglia prima, c. Duce,
et Auspice Christa" Psalm 91, verse, 13 ; 4fo. rare,
OLIVER CROMWELL, lord-protector. Bullfinch del.
R. Cooper sculp. From the original in the collection of
Earl Spencer.
OLIVER CROMWELL, milord-protecteur, &c. on
horseback.
O. CROMWELL, the late protector, on horseback;
OLIVER CROMWELL. B. Moncornet exc.
OLVERIUS CROMWELL. Coenard Waumans sc. 4to,
OLIVER CROMWELL. P. a Gunst sc. large sh.
OLIVER, lord-protector, began his government,
OLIVER CROMWELL; inscribed O.C.asmall oval,
mezz.
OLIVER CROMWELL,^/* an engraved border, which
is from a different plate ; Stent ; h. sh.
OLIVER CROMWELL. T. Jenner f. 4to.
CROMWELL, my lord-protecteur, &c. a French
print,
OLIVER CKOMWELL ; oval; heads of King David,
294 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Solomon, Alexander, and Ccesar, at the corners of the
print; I2mo.
OLIVER CROMWELL, standing with a book in his
hand betwixt two pillars ; various emblems. Faithorne
sc. sh.
I do not remember to have seen more than, two proofs of this
fine print ; Mr. Walpole has one, and Mr. Gulston another. Mr.
Bull has the original drawing. The face was altered to that of
King William.
OLIVER CROMWELL; inscribed "Tyrannus ;" Per-
jidy and Cruelty crowning him with a wreath of vipers ;
4to.
This is before the " Life of Agathocles, the tyrant of Syracuse,"
12mo. It is placed there as the portrait of Agathocles, but it is
apparently that of Cromwell.
OLIVER CROMWELL; a head from his crown-piece,
by Simon. Vertue sc.
OLIVER CROMWELL; a medallion, inscribed, " Oli-
var.D.G.R.P. ANG. SCO. Hibernia, Protector."
Reverse, Cromwell with his head in Britannia s lap, his
backside bare; French and Spanish ambassador. The
latter attempts to kiss his backside, but is pulled back by
the former, with these words inscribed, " Retire toi,
1 honneur apartient au roi, mon maitre :" i. e. "Stand
off, that honour belongs to the king my master"
The medallion is also engraved in the " Histoire Metallique de
la Republique de Hollande."
The single print is very rare. Mr. Walpole has the medallion
from which it was taken : both these are sometimes to be met with
in the hands of the curious, in Holland.*
* There is an historical print of Cromwell s investiture, or inauguration, by
Hollar.
OF ENGLAND. 295
F V
7 OLIVERIUS CROMWELL, &c. " Sat doctus versare
dolos." Beneath the oval is the head of Charles I. and
several other heads of the Royalists, who were exe
cuted.
The following anecdote is related by Dr. George Hickes. A
gentleman came to Oliver to beg a lock of Charles s hair for an
honourable lady. " Ah ! no, sir, saith Cromwell, bursting into
tears, that must not be ; for I swore to him, when he was living,
that not a hair of his head should perish."-" Some Discourses on
Dr. Burnet and Dr. Tillotson," p. 25.
OLIVER CROMWELL; drawn and engraved by W.
Bond, from a half-length portrait ; painted by Walker ,
in 1655 ; in the possession of Oliver Cromwell, esq.
Svo.
CROMWELL; a whole length, with a crown on his
head. Before his " Character;" I2mo.
Another whole length of him, which represents him
in a fright, with Colonel Tit us s pamphlet in his hand,
and surrounded with his guards. Beneath the print,
which is poorly engraved, is the author s address to him;
h. sh.
This address is prefixed to the celebrated pamphlet entitled,
" Killing no Murder," written by Silas Titus, a man of wit, and
secretly published in 1657, under the fictitious name of William
Allen. It was eagerly bought up by the royalists, at the high
price of five shillings. The writer exerted all his rhetoric to per
suade the people to assassinate the usurper ; and, "as Mr. Wood
gravely says, " offers Oliver many convincing and satisfying reasons
why he should kill himself; and very fairly gives him his choice
of hanging, drowning, or pistoling himself; shews him the abso
lute necessity of it, the honour he would gain by it, and, in a word,
uses such arguments as might have prevailed upon any body but a
hardened rebel." Cromwell was exceedingly terrified at the pub
lication of this spirited piece ; and was, as some imagined, almost
296 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
prevailed with to take the author s advice, from a dread of falling
by some ignoble hand.*
OLIVER CROMWELL; as a fanatic preacher, with a
mask in his hand ; and as an executioner, with the head
of Charles I.
OLIVER CROMWELL ; in a pulpit, with a triple
crown on his head ; preaching after the battle of Wor
cester.
OLIVER CROMWELL ; dissolving the Long Parlia
ment; " Begone you rogues. This house to left," S$c.
rare. Copied by W. Richardson.
OLIVER CROMWELL; dog and lion fight ; Crom
well baiting the lion (representing the seven provinces)
with two bull dogs.
OLIVER CROMWELL ; dancing on the tight rope.
OLIVER CROMWELL; surrounded by Fairfax, Blake,
and others ; Father Peters blowing in his ear, 8$c.
* Titus, who was not known to be the writer till after the restoration, had a
colonel s commission given him by Charles II. who made him one of the grooms of
his bed-chamber. He, sometimes, to divert the king, or sink a declining favourite,
practised buffooneries better suited to Bartholomew fair, than to the court of a prince
who certainly understood decorum and politeness.! Though Titus had pleaded
strongly in parliament for the exclusion of the Duke of York, he was no less urgent
for the abolition of the test and penal laws, as the surest bulwark against popery,
In the reign of King James, he was sworn of the privy council. He died in 1704,
aged 824
t Such low arts were practised by him, and not without success, to degrade the
Earl of Clarendon in the esteem of Charles,
$ Colonel Titus s only child, who died an ancient maiden, in the reign of
George II. had a whole room full of her father s papers ; some of which Dr. Bland,
dean of Durham, whom she permitted to inspect them, told me were very curious.
She made her man and maid her heirs, except leaving 10, GOO/, to Ferdinarido
Fairfax, esq. and I know not what became of them. LORD Onronn.
OF ENGLAND. . 297
OLIVER CROMWELL ; with a triple crown on his
head ; in the back ground the execution of Charles I.
OLIVER CROMWELL; as an ape on a throne; the.
Dutch asleep ; France and Spain quarrelling, fyc.
OLIVER CROMWELL ; Dog and Lion dance ; Crom
well trampling on the arms of England.
OLIVER CROMWELL; with a serpent s tail; Fairfax
presenting him a crown.
OLIVER CROMWELL, rejecting the offers of peace
made by the Dutch.
OLIVER CROMWELL, on Fortune s wheel, vomiting
croivns, sceptres, <fyc.
OLIVER CROMWELL, dissolving the Long Parlia
ment. B.Westpinx. J. Hall sculp. 1789.
OLIVER CROMWELL, dissolving the Long Parlia
ment; half sheet; copied from Hall s print by B. Read
ing.
OLIVER CROMWELL: his effigie standing in state at
Somerset-house. J. Caldwall sc. Svo.
OLIVER CROMWELL, lying in state at Somerset -
house. J. Caldwall sc. Svo.
In the " Letters of Mr. Hughes," &c. vol. ii. p. 308, it is said,
that the best picture of Cromwell is that which was in the pos
session of Sir Robert Rich, at Rose Hall. At Sir Thomas Frank-
land s, in Old Bond-street, is another portrait of him, with the
crown hanging over the arms. Dessau carried this picture to
Portugal, where it was bought by Sir Henry Frankland.*
* The print mentioned in Huglies s " Letters," as most like the authentic family
pictures of Cromwell, is before Mr. John Kimbcr s anonymous Life of 0. Cromwell,
and was engraved by Vertue, 1724.
VOL. III. 2 Q
298 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
There is, in the possession of the Rev. Dr. Edward Cooper, of
Bath, a portrait of Cromwell, which belonged to the commissioner
Whitelock ; and another, called Cromwell s Wife, which was the
property of Zincke, the painter, who presented it to Dr. Cooper s
father. This picture is without character, and very unlike the print
of her, which I believe to be genuine.
This great man, whose genius was awakened by the distractions
of his country, was looked upon as one of the people, till he was
upwards of forty years of age. He is an amazing instance of what
ambition, heated by enthusiasm, restrained by judgment, disguised
by hypocrisy, and aided by natural vigour of mind, can do. He
was never oppressed with the weight, or perplexed with the intri
cacy of affairs : but his deep penetration, indefatigable activity,
and invincible resolution, seemed to render him a master of all
events. He persuaded without eloquence; and exacted obedience,
more from the terror of his name, than the rigour of his adminis
tration. He appeared as a powerful instrument in the hand of Pro
vidence, and dared to appeal to the decisions of Heaven for the
justice of his cause. He knew every man of abilities in the three
kingdoms, and endeavoured to avail himself of their respective
talents. He has always been regarded by foreigners, and of late
years by the generality of his countrymen, as the greatest man this
nation ever produced. It has been disputed which he deserved
most, " a halter or a crown ;" and there is no less disparity betwixt
the characters drawn of him, and the reports propagated by his
enemies and his friends. Colonel Lindsey affirmed that he saw him
enter into a formal contract with the devil ;* and Dawbeny has
drawn a " Parallel betwixt Moses the man of God, and Oliver the
Protector."f He died in his bed, on the 3d of September, a day
which he had long esteemed fortunate, in the year 1658. The
French court went into mourning for him ; but the famous Made
moiselle de Montpensier disdained to pay that respect to the me~
mory of a usurper. See Class VII.
ELIZABETH CROMWELL, wife of the Pro-
* The story of this contract has at last been explained in Nash s " History of
Worcestershire ;" it was not the devil, but a citizen of Worcester, who had the con
ference with Cromwell.
t See " History and Policy reviewed," 6cc. by H, D. Lond. 1659 j 12mo.
OF ENGLAND. 299
lector; in a black hood. In the upper part of the print
is a monkey * at the bottom are these lines :
From feigned glory and usurped throne,
And all the greatness to me falsely shewn,
And from the arts of government set free ;
See how Protectress and a drudge agree.
The print which is neatly engraved, is prefixed to
a scarce and satirical book, entitled "The Court and
Kitchen of Elizabeth, called Joan Cromwell, the Wife
of the late Usurper, truly described and represented."
&c. Lond. 1664, 12mo. The head has been copied
by Christopher Sharp, an ingenious turner of Cam
bridge ; and by W. Richardson.
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James Bourchier,f and wife of Oliver
Cromwell, was a woman of an enlarged understanding and an ele
vated spirit. She was an excellent housewife, and as capable of
descending to the kitchen with propriety, as she was of acting in
her exalted station with dignity. It has been asserted, that she
as deeply interested herself in steering the helm, as she had often
done in turning the spit ; and that she was as constant a spur to
her husband in the career of his ambition, as she had been to her
servants in their culinary employments : certain it is, that she
acted a much more prudent part as protectress, than Henrietta did
as queen ; and that she educated her children with as much ability
as she governed her family with address. Such a woman would, by
a natural transition, have filled a throne. J She survived her husband
fourteen years, and died on the 8th of October, 1672.
* This alludes to the famous adage of the ape, The higher it goes, the more it exposes
its backside. The curious reader may see the original of it in Bayle s " Diet." artic.
HOSPITAL, note (O).
t This gentleman was of the same family with the ancient Earls of Essex, of the
same name. His seat was in that county.
$ James Heath informs us,$ that she was a relation of Mr. Hamden s, and Mr.
Goodwin s of Buckinghamshire; and that she was, by Oliver, "trained up and
See his anonymous Life of O. Cromwell, entitled, " Flagellum," &c. p. 20,
edit. 1672.
300 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
RICHARD CROMWELL, lord-protector, fcc.
cloak,
RICHARD, lord-protector, &c. Hollar f. 4to.
RICHARD, &c. Guil. Haynesworth sc. h. sh.
RICHARD, &c. Gammon sc.
RICHARD, &c. in armour; Stent; 4to. Before Pari-
vat 3 " Iron Age" fol.
RICHARD, &c. Fred. Bouttats sc. in armour ;
RICHARD, &c. an etching ;
RICHARD, &c. on horseback; view of Windsor Castle;
large sh. Stent.
RICHARD CROMWELL, the meek knight; the giants
Desborough and Lambert leading him by the arms;
wood- cut ; frontispiece to the first part of " Don Juan
Lamberto, or a Comical History of the late Times, " said
to be written by Flatman.
RICHARD CROMWELL. T. Cross; 4/0.
made the waiting-woman of his providences, and lady-rampant of his successful
greatness, which she personated afterward as imperiously as himself;" and that
" the incubus of his bed made her partaker too in the pleasures of the throne.
We are told by an Italian author,* that he gradually and artfully assumed the go
vernment at the instigation of his wife. Sir James Burrow, in his " Anecdotes and
Observations relating to Cromwell," invalidates the charge brought against her by
this writer. I know no more of her, but that, about the time of the restoration, she
very prudently stole out of town, and lived for the remainder of her life in the
obscurity of retirement. I am credibly informed that she was a considerable time
in Switzerland.
* Nicholas Comnenus Papadopoli, in his " Historia Gymnasii Pafavini," torn, if.
lib. ii. sect. 24-1. His words are, " Ducta Cantabrigian uxore, hac impellente, ad
gerendara rempublicara sensim ac dissimulanter accessit."
OF ENGLAND, 301
RICHARD CROMWELL. J. Gammon.
RICHARD CROMWELL, on horseback; R. Gay wood;
small folio.
RICHARD CROMWELL, on horseback ; view of Lon
don in Simons " Medals" p. 32.
RICHARD CROMWELL. Cooper; S. Harding, 1792;
from a miniature at Strawberry -hill.
RICHARD CROMWELL, eldest son of Oliver Crom
well ; drawn and engraved by W. Bond ; from a three
quarter portrait in the possession of Oliver Cromwell,
esq. 8vo.
It was impossible that the feeble and unskilful hand of Richard
should long hold the reins of a government, which his father, with
all his vigour and dexterity, found so difficult to retain. He suc
ceeded him in the protectorate ; but as he was heir to none of his
great qualities, he was presently deposed from that dignity, which
he quitted without reluctance ; and probably experienced more
solid happiness in retirement and obscurity, than Oliver did at the
height of his glory. He passed the last years of his life, in great
privacy, at Cheshunt, in Hertfordshire, under the assumed name of
Clark. In the latter part of his life, he appeared at a trial in West
minster Hall, where the Lord-chancellor Cowper, out of respect to
his former greatness, ordered him a chair.* He is said to have
carefully preserved a trunk full of addresses, which were sent to
him on his accession to the protectorat.e,f and to have bequeathed
them to his friends. Ob. 13 July, 1712, Mt. 86.J
* All the descendants of Oliver Cromwell, of tlie male line, now subsisting, are
from his younger son Henry. See an authentic account of the family, subjoined to
Dr. Thomas Gibbon s Sermon, preached on the death of William Cromwell, esq.
July 9, 1772.
t The practice of addressing commenced on the accession of Richard. His
short continuance in his high station gained hiru the nick-name of " Tumble down
Dick."
$ See Noble s " History of the Protectorate House of Cromwell," for a particular
account of this family, through all its various connexions and dependencies.
302 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
HENRY CROMWELL; from on original picture
in the collection of the Duke of Devonshire. Harding sc.
HENRY CROMWELL; from an original picture in
the possession of Thomas Griffith, esq. Jeffery exc.
HENRY CROMWELL; a half length, in armour; mezz.
Dankarton sc. 4to.
HENRY CROMWELL, second son of Oliver Crom
well ; drawn and engraved by W, Bond ; from a half
length portrait painted by F. Christian da Sart ; in the
possession of Oliver Cromwell, esq. Svo.
Henry Cromwell, the fourth, but second and youngest, son of the
Protector Oliver, was born at Huntingdon, January 20, 1627 ; and
baptized the 29th of the same month, at the church of All Saints
in that place : his education was finished at Felsted-school, in
Essex. As soon as it was possible, his father took him into the
parliament army, raised to oppose King Charles I. In 1647, he
was become captain of the general, Sir Thomas Fairfax s, life-guard.
In August, 1649, he went with his father into Ireland, to quell the
Roman Catholic rebellion, being then a colonel : he with Lord
Broghill, in April, 1650, fell into Lord Inchiquin s quarters,, and
killed one hundred and sixty of the enemy, and took one hundred
and twenty foot prisoners, with their officers, and one hundred and
fifty gallant horse ; and in the year following, he assisted at the
siege of Limerick.
In 1655, he was sent to Ireland, with the commission of major-
general of the army only, that it might not displease the governors
of that kingdom, particularly Fleetwood. He came to Chester, in
his way to Ireland, June 2, where he remained till the 23d, upon
which clay he dispatched a letter to Thurloe, secretary of state,
acquainting him, that he was treated both by the country, in his
journey, and whilst there, with a great deal of respect : from
Chester he went to Holyhead, where he arrived without any acci
dent, July 5 ; he was greatly shocked to find only two ministers
in the whole Isle of Anglesey, and requested that an order might
be made to increase the number of clergy. He spent some time in
the western parts of the kingdom, and was constantly treated with
OF ENGLAND. 303
every mark of esteem, particularly by the cavalier party. Upon
his arrival in the bay of Dublin, the men of war that accompanied
him, and other ships in the harbour, rang- such a peal with their
cannon as though something more than usual was to be expected by
the honour of his coming; and when he went on shore, he was
met by most of the officers, civil and military, about the town.
Great caution and secrecy were used by Henry for some time, to
cover the real business for which he was sent ; but when it was
found that it would be impossible longer to curb the spirit of the
republicans, who were secretly supported by the Lord-lieutenant
Fleetwood, he produced his commission of lord-deputy of Ireland,
and commander-in-chief, dated November 25, 1657; but to qualify
what he knew would be distasteful to many there, others were
joined with him in the civil administration ; but all would not do :
the officers of the army had been long used to oppress the natives,
and to advance their own fortunes ; they had been intent upon
little else than confiscating their estates to their own use ; they
therefore were very far from approving the government of one, who
they knew would put a stop to their excesses ; and, besides, he
did not regard their political sentiments in the best light; and
wished, by moderation and condescension, to unite the whole king
dom, and conciliate the affections of each party to the other; they
therefore had the hardihood to petition the Protector to restore their
old chief governor Fleetwood, whose narrow confined notions, and
weak understanding, were more easily made subservient to their
projects.
But Henry, by the wisdom and equity of his administration, soon
procured the love of the Irish, who regarded him as a blessing:
this was the sentiments of the moderate and wise of all parties ;
and this it was that procured him a counter-address to the Protector
beseeching that he might be continued their governor ; and the
nation was ruled with such skill by him, that it was become, from
the most deplorable kingdom in Europe, by far the happiest of any
part of the British dominions ; and the most satisfied with the
Cromwellian reign ; for when the officers of his father s own regi
ment openly spoke their dislike to his government, the army and
each of the counties in Ireland, expressive of their attachment to
the government, as then established, declared their readiness to op-
pose all who should endeavour to make any alteration in the state.
Upon his brother Richard s accession to the protectorate of
England and Scotland, he procured him to be proclaimed and ac-
304 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
knowledged also sovereign of Ireland : but he had but ill return
for his care and attention. Richard durst not venture to renew his
commission, but upon the terms some of his council acquiesced in;
and those who were the secret enemies to the family of Cromwell,
and the office of protector, confined his powers so much, that he
could scarce be called chief governor. They were weak enough to
suppose, that by altering the title of lord-deputy, to lord-lieutenant,
it would satisfy him ; but they were much mistaken, for he greatly
resented their ill usage. He governed Ireland with great moderation
until the downfal of his brother, when he retired into England to
his estate at Spinney Abbey, near Soham, in Cambridgeshire,
where he spent the remainder of his life, descending from the toil
some grandeur of governing a nation, to the humble and happy
occupation of husbandry. This truly great and good man ended
his days in peace and happiness, and died March 23, 1674, very
much and very generally respected, and was buried on the 25th,
within the communion rails of Wicken church, close to his mother?
over him is a black marble stone, inscribed,
" Henricus Cromwell, de Spinney, obiit XXIII,
die Martii Anno Christi MDCLXX1V.
Annoq. JEtatis XLVII."
CLASS II.
GREAT OFFICERS OF STATE.
BULSTRODE WHITLOCKE ; (lord-keeper). See Class VI.
COL. NATHANAEL FIENNES, (lord privy-
seal). Vandergucht sc. Svo.
Promoted Nathaniel Fiennes, second son to Lord Say, engaged with zeal
Juue,l655. j n tne service of the parliament. But his courage was by no means
proportioned to his zeal, as he surrendered the city of Bristol, of
which he was governor, after a siege of two days. He was tried
and condemned for cowardice, but found means to procure his
pardon. He soon after attached himself to the Independents, and
v - OF ENGLAND. 305
was one of the most considerable leaders of that party.* He was
a frequent and copious speaker in parliament, to which his talents
were much better adapted than to the field. Many of his speeches
and pamphlets, relative to the civil war, are in print. See a cata
logue of them in " Athen Oxon." Ob. 16 December, 1669.
GREAT OFFICERS OF IRELAND.
GENERAL IRETON. Cooper p.Houbraken sc. 1741;
Illust. Head. In the possession of David Polhil, esq.
The Lord-deputy IRETON; sold by Walton; whole
length ; large Svo.
HENRY IRETON", &e. Vandergucht sc. Svo.
HENRY IRETON; on horseback; small quarto; no
inscription ; rare.
HENRY IRETON ; fol. W. N. Gardiner, 1797.
HENRY IRETON; autograph and seal ; in Caulfield s
" High Court of Justice."
Ireton, who on several occasions had signalized his valour and Promoted
conduct in the field, approved himself a man of spirit and capacity ie
in his government of Ireland. He proceeded upon Cromwell s
plan, and gave abundant proof of his being every way qualified
for that extensive command. Though naturally a lover of justice,
he made little scruple of sacrificing even that to liberty, of which he
was passionately fond. He died at the siege of Limerick, the 26th
of November, 1651, sincerely lamented by the republicans, who
revered him as a soldier, a statesman, and a saint. In Crull s
" Antiquities of Westminster Abbey" is a curious panegyric, which
was intended for his monument : it is written in a very exalted
strain, far beyond the common cant of epitaphs.f Ireton had by
* Fiennes, Cromwell, Vane, and St. John, were at the head of that faction,
t " Credas pro Deo militasse Iretonum, pro Iretono Deuni," &c.
VOL. III. 2 R
306 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
his wife Bridget, eldest daughter of Oliver Cromwell, a daughter,
named also Bridget, who espoused Thomas Bendish, esq. In
Watts s " Lyric Poems," is a copy of verses addressed to her.*" See
the preceding reign, Class VII.
LIEUTENANT - GENERAL FLEETWOOD.
Walker p. Houbraken sc. 1740. In the collection of
Thomas Cooke, esq. Illust. Head.
LORD-DEPUTY FLEETWOOD ; whole length; inarmour.
* Bridget Bendish, grand-daughter of Oliver Cromwell, resembled him, more
than any of his descendants, in the cast of her countenance and character. She, on
some occasions, appeared with all the dignity of a princess ; and, at other times, had
as much the appearance of a low drudge of business, being as laborious as she was
intelligent in the management of her salt-works. After she had harassed herself
with toil, she was as careless how or where she slept, or what she eat or drank, as
Charles XII. was in the course of his campaigns. Her presence of mind on no
occasion forsook her; nor was she ever known to betray the least symptom of fear.
Sometimes, after a day of drudgery, she would go to the assembly at Yarmouth, t
where the greatness of her manner, and the superiority of her understanding, never
failed to attract respect. She was never known to break her promise; nor, in her
common conversation, to pay much regard to truth, as it would have been rashness
to have affirmed any thing as a fact because she said it. Her charity appeared to
be a virtue of the heart, as well as the hand. She exercised it in all places, and on
every occasion ; but in the exertion of it, frequently left her debts unpaid. Her
piety was strongly tinctured with enthusiasm. She, on emergent occasions, would
retire to her closet, where, by fasting, meditation, and prayer, she would work up
her spirit to a degree of rapture, and then inflexibly determine her conduct by some
text of Scripture that occurred to her, which she regarded as a divine revelation.
She would frequently fawn, dissemble, and prevaricate, and that for low, if not
sinister ends and purposes ; and was, indeed, the jest and admiration, not only of
her friends, but even of her servants, who justly regarded her as one of the best
mistresses in the world. She had the highest veneration for the memory of her
grandfather, whom she reverenced as a consummate hero and glorified saint. She
died in the year 1727, or 1728. This imperfect and contrasted sketch is chiefly
taken from her character more at large, by Mr. Samuel Say, a dissenting minister,
\vho was intimately acquainted with her, and drew her from the life. See the Ap
pendix to the second volume of the " Letters," published by Mr. Duncombe. See
also the third volume, p. 168, &c. where arc many curious and interesting anecdotes
of herself and family. We are there informed, that the print prefixed to the Life
rf Oliver Cromwell, in octavo, said to have been published by the late Bishop
Gibson, about the year 1725, nearly resembles Mrs. Bendish as well as the Pro
tector.
t She lived at South Town, in that neighbourhood.
OF ENGLAND. . 307
The LORD-DEPUTY FLEETWOOD, on horseback.
Fleetwood, who, as well as Ireton, was son-in-law to Cromwell,* Promoted
"I L Z*A
was a very useful instrument to that artful man, who knew how to
avail himself of family-connexions. The character of Fleetwood
was very different from that of Ireton : he had no great skill as a
soldier, and less as a politician ; but he had a very powerful influ
ence over the bigoted part of the army. He thought that prayers
superseded the use of " carnal weapons ;" and that " it was suffi
cient to trust in the hand of Providence, without exerting the arm
of flesh. * He would fall on his knees and pray when he heard of
a mutiny among the soldiers ; and was with the utmost difficulty
roused to action on several emergencies. In 1659 he was declared
commander-in-chief of the army. This was done by the intrigues
of Lambert, who intended to make the same use of him that Crom
well had done of Fairfax. He died soon after the Revolution. See
Class VII.
CLASS III.
PEERS.
EDWARD SOMERSET, marquis of Worcester.
Bocquet sc. In Park s " Noble Authors ;" 1806.
EDWARD SOMERSET, marquis of Worcester, and
earl of Glamorgan. Harding; 1800; in Cove s
" Monmouthshire."
The Marquis of Worcester,! a zealous Catholic, and a man of
courage and enterprise, was much in the favour and confidence of
Charles I. who is said to have dispatched him into Ireland, to
treat with the rebels of that kingdom, and engage them in his ser
vice, in opposition to the parliament. The other powers which
were granted him, were of so extraordinary a nature, as to strike
* Fleetwood married Ireton s widow.
t He is better known in our histories by the title of Earl of Glamorgan.
308
BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
many of the royalists with astonishment. Nothing but the despe
rate situation of the king s affairs could apologize for such strange
steps.* In 1663,fhe published a small book, entitled " A Century of
the Names and Scantlings of such inventions as I can at present call
to mind to have tried and perfected, which (my former Notes being
lost) I have, at the instance of a powerful friend, endeavoured now,
in the year 1655, to set these down in such a way as may suffi
ciently instruct me to put any of them in practice." At the conclu
sion he says, " This making up the whole century, and preventing
any farther trouble to the reader for the present, meaning to leave
to posterity a book, wherein, under each of these heads, the means
to put in execution, and visible trial of all and every of these in
ventions, with the shape and form of all things belonging to them,
shall be printed by brass plates."
A practical mathematician, who has quickness to seize a hint,
and sagacity to apply it, might avail himself greatly of these
Scantlings, though little more than a bare catalogue. It is ex
tremely probable that Captain Savery took from the marquis the
hint of the steam-engine, for raising water with a power made by
fire, which invention alone would entitle the author to immortality. J
That of stopping a vehicle, by instantly letting off the horses, seems
to have been derived from the same origin.^ I am informed by the
reverend and ingenious Mr. Gainsborough, of Henley, brother to
the painter, on whose judgment in the mechanic powers I have rea
son to rely, that this book is far from being such a collection of
whims and chimeras as it has been supposed to be : on the contra
ry, he highly esteems the author as one of the greatest mechanical
geniuses that ever appeared in the world.
WILLIAM CAVENDISH, marquis of Newcastle;
* Sir Edward Hyde, in a letter to secretary Nicholas, dated 1646-7, says, " I
care not how little I say in that business of Ireland, since those strange powers and
instructions given to your favourite Glamorgan, which appear to me inexcusable to
justice, piety, and prudence." He adds, a little below, "Oh! Mr. Secretary,
those stratagems have given me more sad hours than all the misfortunes in war
which have befallen the king. Chancellor Clarendon s " State Papers," vol. ii,
p. 337.
t The date should be 1665.
f See an account of it in Dr. Desaguliers s Works. See also the " Scantlings,"
No. 68.
$ See " Scantlings/ No. 19.
OF ENGLAND. , 309
his marchioness and their family. Diepenbeke del. P.
Clouvet sc. h. sh. prefixed to " Natures Pictures,
drawn by Fancy s Pencil to the Life ? 1656, folio.
This beautiful print is very scarce. It was done when the family
was at Antwerp. See the reign of CHARLES I. Class III. and that
of CHARLES II. Class IX.
In the marquis s fine book of horsemanship is a
print of CHARLES, viscount MANSFIELD, and Mr.
HENRY CAVENDISH, on horseback; the marquis
and marchioness, their three daughters, and their hus
bands ; namely, the Earl of BRIDGEWATER,* the
Earl of "BULLINGBROOKE" andMr.CHEYNE,
are under a colonnade, as spectators. The plates
for the English edition of this book are the same
with the French, but the latter has the finest im
pressions.
JAMES STANLEY, earl of Derby. Loggan f.
lare
JAMES STANLEY, &c. copied from the above. Ver-
tue sc. In the set of Loyalists,
JAMES, earl of Derby; oval; Svo. In "Claren
dons History."
* Elizabeth, daughter of William, then earl of Newcastle, married John Egerton,
earl of Bridgewater, in the 19th year of his age. He desired that it might be re
corded on his tomb, that " he enjojed, almost twenty-two years, all the happiness
that a man could receive in the sweet society of the best of wives." It might be
added, with truth, that the virtues and the graces conspired to render her one of the
best and most amiable women. She died the 14th of June, 1663, in the 37th year
of her age, having left a numerous issue. The worthy earl, who, upon her decease,
was one of the most disconsolate of men, as he had been one of the happiest of
husbands ; and who, for many years, may be said to have endured, rather than en
joyed life, died the 26th of October, 1636, in his 64th year. See more of both these
persons in Collins s " Peerage."
310 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
JAMES STANLEY, earl of Derby; Harding.
JAMES STANLEY, earl of Derby; in W mstankys
" Martyrology ; 1665.
JAMES STANLEY, earl of Derby; in " Noble Au
thors, by Mr. Park; 1806.
JAMES STANLEY, seventh earl of Derby. E.Scriven
sc. 1815; from the original of Vandyck, in the collec
tion of the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby ; in Mr.
Lodge s " Illustrious Portraits."
Lord Hyde has an excellent picture, by Vandyck, of the Earl
and Countess of Derby and child, whole lengths. It was brought
from Cornbury, and is esteemed the most capital in his collection.
Mr. Walpole has a painting of the countess.
Created The Earl of Derby gave many signal proofs of his valour in the
i486. c i v ii war j particularly in that memorable action near Wigan, in
26 Aug. Lancashire, where, with 600 hosre, he, for two hours, bravely
1651. withstood a corps of 3000 horse and foot, commanded by Colonel
Lilburne. We can easily believe this, and much more, of a man
who could write so spirited a letter as that which he sent to Ireton.*
He was taken prisoner at the battle of Worcester, and beheaded
in violation of a promise of quarter, given him by Captain Edge,
into whose hands he fell. He was executed the 15th of Oct.
1651.f ;-..- > ; : .; ( ftKtti
GEORGE, lord DIGBY, earl of Bristol. Van
dyck p. Houbraken sc. In the collection of the Hon.
John Spencer, esq. Illust. Head.
* See the letter in " Hume s History," or in the " Catalogue of Royal and
Noble Authors."
t The heroine, his countess, who so bravely defended Latham-house, with no
less bravery defended the Isle of Man. Here she looked upon herself as queen,
and disdained to submit to regicides and usurpers. She was the last person in the
British dominions, that yielded to the republic.
OF ENGLAND. 311
GEORGE DJGBY, earl of Bristol; in armour ; half
length ; foL W. Hollar; 1642; rare.
GEORGE DIGBY; earl of Bristol. Bocquet sc. In
" Noble Authors " by Mr. Park; 1806. f
He succeeded to the title of Earl of Bristol, the 16th of January,
1652-3. The portrait was painted in the former reign.
The Earl of Bristol, well known for his fine parts, his levity, Created
and extravagant passions, was secretary of state and privy-coun- ^ Sept.
seller to Charles II. at the time of the Interregnum. But he for
feited both these offices, by reconciling himself to the church of
Rome, against which he had written several pieces of controversy.
He imputed his removal to the influence of his friend the Lord-
chancellor Hyde, whose ruin he afterward sought with all that
vehemence which was natural to him.* It is pity that the romantic
* Among the excellent letters of the Lord-chancellor Clarendon, lately published,t
in the second volume of his " State Papers,"! is one addressed to Lord Digby,$ in
which are some master-strokes, which shew at once the pious turn of mind, the
genius and friendship of the writer, and are also characteristical of the great man to
whom it is written. I shall, therefore, give the reader the following extract. It
seems that Lord Digby, after the wreck of his fortune in the civil war, had formed
a design of applying to the crown of France for employment and subsistence. His
friend, then Sir Edward Hyde,|| earnestly dissuades him from this dishonourable
expedient, telling him, that he could " no more be a servant or pensioner to an
other crown, than he could marry another wife." " Borrow or beg," says he,
" (it is very honest) so much as will keep you alive and cleanly for one year; and
withdraw into a quiet corner, where you are not known, and where not above two
or three friends may hear of you. If you can but live one year without being
spoken of at all, without being in a capacity of having your own or other men s
errors imputed to you, you will find a strange resurrection of a good fame. In that
retirement you will revolve the rare accidents and misfortunes of your life; in the
consideration whereof, I fear, you have been too negligent; and, it may be, you
may believe you have encountered new and unusual dangers, because you have not
duly weighed past and unusual deliverances. You will find as much of the imme
diate hand of God in both, as can be observed in the course of a man s life, much
superior to you in age, and it may be, in action. You may, in this disquisition,
t 1773. t P. 330, 331.
It appears to have been sent from Jersey, as it was written 1646-7.
|| Sir Edward tells him in another letter, " I am so far from doubting your affec
tion, that, if you should tell me you did not love me, I would not believe you; for
I know it is not in your power not to love me ; for I am very just and true to you,
and shall bring no shame to you." Clarendon s " Papers," vol. ii. p. 384.
3J2 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
history of this nobleman s life was never written. Dr. Swift, in one
of his letters, styles him "the Prototype of Lord Bolingbroke."
Bird.. Ob. 15 March, 1672-3. Mt. 64. See the reign of CHARLES I.
FRANCIS, lord WITHERINGTON ; from a
drawing in the King s " Clarendon." R. Cooper sc.
Lord Witherington was descended from a most ancient family in
Northumberland, and selected by Charles I. as one of four to be
about the person of his son the prince, as gentlemen of his privy-
chamber. As soon as the war broke out, he was one of the first
who raised both horse and foot at his own charge, and served the
king most eminently under the Marquis of Newcastle; for whom he
had a very particular affection. About the middle of the war he
was made a peer of the realm, and constantly adhered to the king,
until his cause was entirely ruined ; when he, in company with his
consider by what frowardness of fortune it comes to pass, that a man of the most
exquisite parts, of nature and art, that this age hath brought forth, hath been without
success in those very actions for which meaner men have been highly commended j*
that a man of the most candid and obliging disposition, of the most unrevengeful
and inoffensive temper and constitution, should not only have fewer friends in the
general crowd of lookers-on, than many stubborn and insociable complexions use
to find, but more enemies amongst those, whose advancement and prosperity he
hath contributed to, than ever man hath met with. And, without doubt, you will
discover somewhat no man else can discover, and enjoy an ample benefit by the
discovery, throughout the long course of your life that is to come. I do not invite
you to any morose or melancholy sequestering yourself from the world ; if I am not
mistaken, it will be as cheerful and pleasant a part of your life as ever you enjoyed.
And after you have given your mind this diet, exercise, and repose, you will return
with greater vigour upon the stage ; and any shift you shall then be necessitated to,
will be more justifiable to the world and comfortable to yourself."
Sir Edward, at the conclusion of this letter, intimates a desire of his making some
historical collections relative to this great work, of which he supplied some of the
materials.
* Sir Edward, in a subsequent letter, dated from the Hague, November, 1648,
says, I confess 1 have not virtue enough to restrain me within any bounds, if I
once let myself loose into this wilderness of prudential motives and expedients."
He says afterward, in the same letter, " Is it possible that you are the only man
that do not discern a universal combination in all to have you quietl" It appears,
from these passages, that Lord Digby s parts, however excellent, were far from
being of any service to iiis party. His disposition was so very mercurial, that no
thing was capable of fixing it; and while it remained unfixed, was much more dan
gerous than useful.
OF ENGLAND. . 313
friend the marquis, transported himself beyond the sea, and was
attached to the service of Charles II. in whose cause he was killed,
fighting at Wigan, in Lancashire, a few days prior to the battle of
Worcester.
GIOVANNI, viconte MORDAUNTE. W. Fai-
thorne sc. oval ; h. sh.
This is one of Faithorne s best heads. There is another, in a
small square.
GIOVANNI, viconte MORDAUNT ; with armorial
bearings; 4to. W. Richardson.
JOHN, viconte MORDAUNT ; oval. (Birrell.)
This nobleman, who was father of the great Earl of Peterborough, Created
was the most active and enterprising of the royalists during the ^59,
usurpation. He possessed much of that vigour of body and mind,
which was afterward so conspicuous in his son. He made several
attempts to restore Charles II. for one of which he was brought to
a public trial. He behaved himself, upon this occasion, with his
usual intrepidity ; evaded the evidence with remarkable address ;
and was, after long debate, pronounced " Not Guilty." The mo
ment he was set at liberty, he began to be more active than before :
but his great merit created him many enemies, who traduced and
vilified him to the king. He was numbered with the neglected
royalists. 06. 5 June, 1675, JEt. 48.*
SCOTCH PEERS.
WILLIAM, duke of HAMILTON. R. Cooper
WILLIAM, duke of HAMILTON. Vandergucht sc.
Svo. In Clarendons " History."
* The following persons are in the list of Cromwell s lords ; namely, Nathaniel
Fiennes, Charles Fleetwood, John Desborough, Bulstrode Whitlocke, Philip Skip-
pon, Francis Rous. See " Parliamentary History," vol. xxi. p. 167.
VOL. III. 2 S
314 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
WILLIAM, duke of HAMILTON. R. White sc.
Created William, duke of Hamilton, who was a man of too much spirit to
1641. b e neu ter in the divisions of his country, was, in the civil war, car
ried by the popular current much farther than he intended to go.
In his character were united the accomplishments of the gentleman,
with the openness and sincerity of the soldier. In the fatal battle
of Worcester, he gave the strongest proofs of his courage and
loyalty. He died of a shot in the leg, which he received valiantly
fighting for Charles II. In the article of death, he expressed the
highest satisfaction, " that he had the honour to lose his life in the
king s service, and thereby to wipe out the memory of his former
transgressions, which, he always professed, were odious to himself."
He was brother to the duke who was beheaded. Ob. Sept. 1651.
ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, earl (marquis) of
Argyle. Vandergucht sc. Svo.
JAMES CAMPBELL, marquis of Argyle; four Eng
lish verses ; Svo.
JAMES CAMPBELL, marquis of Argyle; in the print
of the "Anti-papists" J. Savage sc.
JAMES CAMPBELL, marquis of Argyle. Harding sc.
JAMES, marquis of Argyle. Benoist sc. In Smollett.
Created The Marquis of Argyle was, in the cabinet, what his enemy the
16 Nov. Marquis of Montrose was in the field, " the first character of his
1 < 1 1
age and country for political courage and conduct." He was the
champion of the Covenant, or, in other words, of the religion of his
country, which he zealously and artfully defended. Such were his
abilities, that he could accommodate himself to all characters and
all times ; and he was the only man in the kingdom of Scotland,
who was daily rising in wealth and power, amidst the distractions
of a civil war. Much unmerited infamy has been thrown upon his
character, which is placed in a truer light than it ever was before,
in the " Biographia Britannica." He was, soon after the restora-
OF ENGLAND. 315
tion, condemned by his capital enemy, the Earl of Middleton, for
his submission to the English government, in the time of the usur
pation ; a crime, in which the bulk of the three kingdoms were
equally involved with himself. He was beheaded the 27th of May,
166L
JACOBUS GRAMIUS, marggraff vanMontrosse;
with a view of his execution ; a Dutch print, 4fo. See
the reign of CHARLES I. Class III. and VII.
AN IRISH PEER.
Effigies illustrissimi domini CJECILII CAL
VERT, baronis Baltimore, de Baltimore, in regno
Hibernise ; absoluti domini et proprietarii provinciarum
TerrcB Maria, et Avalonice, in America, 8$c. An. Dom.
1657. JEtatis 5L A bra. B loot e ling sc.
His portrait is in the gallery at Gorhambury.
Cecil Calvert was son of George, the first lord Baltimore, who
was some time secretary to Sir Robert Cecil, lord-treasurer. He
afterward became secretary of state to James I. by whom he was Created
created a peer. He obtained the grant of the province of Mary-
land from Charles I. It is observable that this country was for
merly reckoned a part of Virginia.*
* Francis Nichols, author of the " Irish Compendium," informs us, that the
title of Baltimore was conferred by Charles I. and that Cecil Calvert first received
the grant of Maryland from that prince ; in both which particulars he appears to be
mistaken. See Wood, i. col. 565. See also " Magna Britannia," vol. vi. p. 506,
507.
316 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
CLASS IV.
THE CLERGY.
ARCHBISHOP, AND BISHOPS. / ,
JOSEPH HENS HAW, bishop of Peterborough^
in the " Oxford Almanack" 1749.
Joseph Henshaw, descended from the Henshaws of Cheshire ;
was born in the parish of St. Giles, Cripplegate ; and at eighteen
years of age, entered commoner of Magdalen Hall, in Oxford, 1621,
and afterward became chaplain to Digby, earl of Bristol. Wood
says " he was much in renown for his admirable way of preaching,
but when the nation was turned topsyturvy, by the iniquity of the
Presbyterians and other discontented people, he was despoiled of
all, suffered much for the royal cause, was a brand snatched out of
the fire, and lived for some time at Chiswick, in the house of Lady
Paulet." After his majesty s restoration, he was made dean of
Chichester; and in 1668, was elected to the see of Peterborough.
He died in 1678, at his house in James-street, Covent-garden, and
was buried in the church of East Lavant, near Chichester.
JOHN WARNER, bishop of Rochester, and
founder of Bromley College. Harding sc. InLysonss
"Environs of London," 1796. His portrait is also in
the " Oxford Almanack" 1742.
John Warner, born in the parish of St. Clement s Danes, was a
fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford ; where he was esteemed a
good logician and philosopher. He was made one of his majesty s
chaplains, prebendary of Canterbury, governor of Sion College,
and dean of Lichfield. In 1633, he was promoted to the see of
Peterborough; and in 1637, consecrated bishop of Rochester. He
stood forth a zealous defender of the constitution, and was the
last bishop who exerted his eloquence to preserve the ancient and
undoubted right of his order to sit in parliament. Not long be-
OF ENGLAND. 317
fore the death of King Charles I. by his majesty s command, he
wrote a treatise against the ordinance for the sale of church lands,
and published several sermons against the murder of the king. He
lived to see the happy re-establishment of church and state, and
shewed both the piety and munificence of his disposition. He dis
tributed 8000/. among meritorious clergymen, who had been ejected
from their preferment, and performed many other pious and liberal
acts. He was also the munificent founder of Bromley College, for
the support of twenty widows of loyal and orthodox clergymen.
He died 1666, Mt. 86. See Wood s " Athense," Hasted s " Kent,
and Lysons s " Environs.
WILLIAM LUCY, bishop of St. David s ; in the
" Oxford Almanack " 1749.
William Lucy was descended from an ancient family at Charl-
cote, in Warwickshire ; and was entered as a knight s son in Trinity
College, Oxford, 1610; soon after went to Lincoln s Inn; from
thence to Caius College, Cambridge, where he took the decree of
bachelor of divinity, and was afterward made chaplain to George,
duke of Buckingham, and rector of Burgh-clere and High-clere, in
Hampshire. He was often disturbed for his loyalty, and at last
sequestered : but after his majesty s restoration, he became bishop
of St. David s. He was a person of singular candour and virtue,
which, in the worst of times, gained him great esteem from the very
enemies of his order and function. Ob. 1677, Mt. 86. For his writ
ings, &c. see Wood s " Athenee."
JACOBUS USSERIUS, archiepiscopus Arma-
chanus, &c. holding a scull; frontispiece to his "Fune
ral Sermon, " by Dr. Nicholas Barnard.
Archbishop Usher, who very sincerely lamented the distress of
his brethren, * and as sincerely wept over the ruins of the church,
* The bishops suffered great hardships during the usurpation of Cromwell ; and
many of them were deprived of all means of subsistence. In the preceding reign,
they were often insulted with the opprobrious appellation of " dumb clogs ;" and
they were now frequently called in derision, " poor dogs; and that by persons,
" whose fathers they would have disdained to have set with the dogs of their
flock. "t
t Job. xxx. ver. 1.
318 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
was much courted by Cromwell, who was proud of expressing a
regard for so great and so good a man. He died the 21st of March,
1655-6, and was buried with great pomp in Westminster Abbey,
by command of the Protector, who bore half the expense of his fu
neral ; the other half fell very heavily upon his relations.
JOHN RICHARDSON, D. D. bishop of Ardagh;
aged 74, Anno Dom. 1653. T. Cross sc. 4to.
JOHN RICHARDSON, D. D. aged 74, An. Dom.
1653; 4to. W.Richardson.
John Richardson, born of an ancient family in the county of
Cheshire, was educated in the university of Dublin, where he was
graduated doctor of divinity, and afterward made bishop of Ar
dagh, in Ireland. He was a grave man and good divine, verifying
the rule, Bonus Textarius bonus Theologus, for he carried a concor
dance in his memory, He was author of " Choice Observations,
and Explanations upon the Old Testament," fol. 1655, to which his
portrait is prefixed. Ob. 1658, Mt. 74.
See an anecdote of him in the reign of Charles II. Class IV,
Article WATSON.
ED WARD US PARRY, episcopus Laonensis. J.
Dicksonf. 1660. Ox on. 4to.
Edward Parry, a prelate of Irish extraction, was a man of an
acute genius and an exemplary character. He was consecrated
bishop of Killaloe, the 28th of March, 1647; and died the 20th of
July, 1650. He was author of " David restored, or an Antidote
against the Prosperity of the wicked, &c. in a most seasonable Dis
course on the 73d Psalm. Opus posthumum." 8vo. 1660; to which
his portrait is prefixed. He was father of John and Benjamin
Parry, successively bishops of Ossory. See Wood, ii. col. 605.
OF ENGLAND. 319
INFERIOR CLERGYMEN.
EDWARDUS REYNOLDS, S.T.D. Loggansc.
h. sh.
Dr. Reynolds was dean of Christ Church. See the reign of
CHARLES II.
: JOHANNES OWEN, S.T. P. dean of Christ Church. See the
reign of CHARLES II.
JEREMY TAYLOR, D. D. P. Lombart sc. with
out his name. Motto, " Non magna loquimur, sed
vivimus, $c." Frontispiece to his "Ditctor Dubitan-
tium ;" folio.
JEREMY TAYLOR, D. D. with the same motto. Be-
fore his "Measures and Offices of Friendship;" ad-
dressed to the famous Mrs. Catharine Philips, I2mo.
This excellent man, who had too much learning and unaffected
piety to be thought orthodox at this period, was deprived of his
benefice, the rectory of Uppingham, in Rutlandshire, and retired
into Wales, where he kept school. In his retirement, he wrote
most of his valuable works. See an account of him in the reign of
CHARLES II.
BRIANUS WALTONUS, S.T.D. Sec. Lombart
sc. a fine head. Frontispiece to his " Polyglot Bible /
fol.
BRIANUS WALTONUS, S.T.D. W.Richardson.
Dr. Brian Walton was a native of Cleveland, in Yorkshire. After
acquiring the rudiments of learning, he was sent to Magdalen Col
lege, Cambridge, from whence he removed to Peter House, and
took his master s degree there. Afterward he became rector of
320 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Sandon, in Essex, and St. Martin Orgar s, in London. On the
breaking out of the rebellion, he was a faithful adherent to the
royal cause, which occasioned him to be ejected from his livings,
and forced to fly to Oxford ; where, having leisure, he first thought
of publishing the " Polyglot Bible." In 1645 he formed the design
of that great work, which was published in 1667.* In 1653 he
was actually engaged in it, as appears from a letter that he wrote
to Archbishop Usher.f This Bible, which is beautifully printed in
six volumes folio, is in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Vulgate, Syriac,
Chaldee, Samaritan, Arabic, ./Ethiopic, and Persic languages. Dr.
Walton was, soon after the restoration, promoted to the bishopric
of Chester. 06. Nov. 29, 1661.
It is scarce known, that an English piece of his was first printed
in the " Collectanea Ecclesiastica" of Samuel Brewster, esq. Lon
don, 1752; 4to. It is called, " A Treatise concerning the payment
of Tyths in London." In the Life of Dr. Edward Pocock, prefixed
to his " Theological Works," are some curious particulars relative
to the London Polyglot.
DOCTOR JOHN GAUDEN ; a whole length; be
fore his " Hieraspes, a Defence, by way of Apology , for
the Ministry and Ministers of the Church of England"
1653, 4to. There is a very small whole length, intended
for him, before his " Tears, Sighs, 8$c. of the Church
of England," 1659, folio, which is his principal work.
DR. GAUDEN ; a scarce and curious portrait, prefixed
to a libel of Milton s upon the "Eucwv Ba<riXijci{," entitled
" EIKUV a\r}9ivn," Lond. 1649, 4to. It is in the engraved
frontispiece to this pamphlet, which represents a curtain
drawn up by a hand, and discovers Gauden peeping out.
At the top, are these words :
(< Spectatum admissi, risum teneatis?"
* This was the first book published in England by subscription. Blorae, a noto
rious plagiary, afterward carried the practice of publishing books in this manner to a
greater height than any of his contemporaries.
t See " Gen. Diet." Artie. WALTON.
OF ENGLAND. 321
Underneath are the following verses :
" The curtain s drawn ; all may perceive the plot,
And him who truly the black babe begot ;
Whose sable mantle makes me bold to say,
A Phaeton Sol s chariot rul d that day :
Presumptuous priest, to skip into the throne,
And make his king his bastard issue own !
The author therefore hath conceived it meet,
The doctor should do penance in this sheet,"
Another, different, with twelve verses.
See some account of the pamphlet in Kenneths " Re
gister and Chronicle" p. 776, 777.
DOCTOR JOHN GAUDEN ; an etching ; 4fo.
JOHN GAUDEN, &c. oval; in Nash s " Worcester
shire."
John Gauden, a native of Mayland, in Essex, and rector of
Bocking, in that county, was a man of ingenuity and learning, and
author of several books, which gained him a very considerable re.
putation. He had a hand in the publication of the " Eikon Basi-
like," and has been reputed the author of it ; but that he actually
wrote it is abundantly disproved by external and internal evidence.*
He was, after the restoration, successively promoted to the bishoprics
of Exeter and Worcester. He died the 20th of September, 1662,
aged 57. The reader may see a remarkable account of his death,
at p. 97 of the curious " Letters of Abraham Hill, esq." I mention
this, as it disproves a fanatical story concerning it, the purport of
which is, that it was owing to the promotion of Dr. Morley to the
bishopric of Winchester, upon which he had set his heart. Who
ever examines the writings of the royal and reverend authors, will
find them specifically different ; and must, from taste and sentiment,
conclude, as well as from the peculiar circumstances of both
writers, that Charles could no more descend to write like Gauden,
than Gauden could rise to the purity and dignity of Charles. The
* See the Appendix to Dr. John Burton s " Genuineness of Lord Clarendon s
History," Wagstaffe s "Vindication of King Charles 1," &c.
VOL. III. 2 T
322 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
style of the divine is more debased with the pedantry, than em
bellished with the elegancies of learning.*
DR HENRY HAMMOND; from an original
picture in the Hall of Magdalen College, Oxford. Clamp
sc.
Henry Hammond, one of the most learned divines in the seven
teenth century, was born at Chertsey, in Surrey, Aug. 18, 1605;
and was the youngest son of Doctor John Hammond, physician to
Henry, prince of Wales, who was Henry Hammond s godfather,
and gave him his own name. He received the early part of his
education at Eton, and in 1618 was entered at Magdalen College,
Oxford ; where, in 1622, he was chosen a demy, and after taking his
degrees in arts at the regular time, he was, in the year 1625, elected
fellow.
In 1629, he entered into holy orders, and four years afterward
was inducted into the rectory of Penshurst, in Kent, conferred on
him by Robert, earl of Leicester, who was extremely affected by a
sermon he preached at court, for Dr. Frewin, president of Mag
dalen College, and one of the king s chaplains, who allowed Mr.
Hammond on that occasion to supply his place. In 1638, he pro
ceeded doctor of divinity, and in 1640, he was chosen one of the
members of the Convocation, called with the Short Parliament
in the April of that year. In 1643, he was made archdeacon of
Chichester; and the same year was named one of the Assembly of
Divines, but never sat among them. He continued undisturbed
at his living till the middle of July, 1643; but joining in the fruit
less attempt, then made at Tunbridge, in favour of the king and a
reward of 100/. being promised to the person that should produce
him, he was forced to return privately, and in disguise, to Oxford;
where, having procured an apartment in his own college, he sought
that place in retirement and study, which was no where else to be
found.
In the beginning of the year 1645, he was made one of the ca
nons of Christ Church, and appointed one of the king s chaplains in
ordinary; but when Oxford surrendered, in 1646, his attendance as
* Mr. Granger did not live to sec the publication of the last volume of Lord
Clarendon s works, which contains a letter that may stagger the advocates for the
royal origin of the " Eikon Basilike," and which accounts for his lordship s silence
on this subject*
OF ENGLAND. 323
chaplain ceased ; yet, when the king fell into the power of the army,
he was permitted to attend him again, in his several confinements
at Woodburn, Feversham, Hampton-court, and the Isle of Wight;
at which last place he continued till Christmas, 1647, when all his
majesty s servants were put away from him.
The trial of King Charles approaching, he wrote an address to
the General (Lord Fairfax) and the council of officers, which he
transmitted to them, and published. His grief for the death of his
royal master was extreme ; but after having indulged it for a time,
he resumed his studies, and, in 1653, he gave the public his great
work, the " Annotations on the New Testament," which, in 1698,
was translated, with corrections and animadversions, by the cele
brated Le Clerc.
A few weeks previous to the restoration of Charles II. on the 4th
of April, 1660, he was seized with a fit of the stone, of which he
died at Westwood, on the 24th of the same month ; and his re
mains were deposited in the burial-place of the Packington family,
at Hampton- Lovett, in a chapel built by Sir Thomas Packington in
the year 1561.
ALEXANDER ROSS^EUS; M. 63. Lombart sc.
Before his " Panscbia, or View of all Religions ;" Svo.
ALEXANDER Ross. J. Clarke sc. 1733.
ALEXANDER Ross, with a key in his hand; whole
length; before his " Muses Interpreter;^ Svo. Another,
small; motto, " Ros et umbra sumus : n before his
" Continuation of Raleigh s History."
Alexander Ross, a native of Aberdeen, in Scotland, was master
of the grammar-school at Southampton, and chaplain to Charles I.
He was author of a considerable number of books, in Latin and
English. He published, in the former of these languages, a cento
on the life of Christ, entitled, " Virgilius Evangelizans ;" which is
very ingenious, and was deservedly admired. It was collected
entirely from Virgil. It is well known how different a cento was
gathered by Ausonius from that chaste poet. Our author s great
work is, " A Continuation of Sir Walter Raleigh s History of the
World." This is like a piece of bad Gothic tacked to a magnificent
324 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
pile of Roman architecture, which serves to heighten the effect of
it, while it exposes its own deficiency in strength and beauty. He
was so unfortunate as to attack Sir Kenelm Digby, Dr. Hervey,
and Sir Thomas Brown, and to disparage their great abilities. This
hurt his reputation more than the meanest of his writings could
possibly have done. Ob. 1654, Mt. 64.*
DR. JOHN HEWIT ; six English verses; Svo. "
JOHN HEWIT, D. D. Vandergucht sc. Svo.
DR. JOHN HEWIT, beheaded June (July) 8, 1658.
JOHN HEWIT; four Latin verses; in Gay wood s
manner, Svo. His head is before his book on Repentance.
DR. JOHN HEWIT; Svo. anonymous.
Dr. John Hewit was employed by Charles II. in agencies betwixt
his friends, and collecting money for his support. He was disco
vered by a spy of Tlmrloe s, and tried by a high court of justice, in
which Lisle presided. He denied the jurisdiction of the court, and
was, with little ceremony, condemned for contumacy. He was be
headed at the same time with Sir Henry Slingsby.
July 8, Mrs. Claypole, Cromwell s favourite daughter, was a very impor
tunate, but unsuccessful advocate with her father in his behalf.
When she lay upon her death-bed, she upbraided him with the blood
that he had spilt, and spoke with uncommon emphasis of his cruelty
with respect to Hewit. Such a remonstrance from a beloved child,
in so affecting a situation, must have sunk deep into his mind : it
was strongly suspected that his consience took the alarm, and was
never at rest from that moment.
Vera Effigies LAMBROCI THOMAS, S.S. T. D.
D. Savil fecit ; T. Cross sc. Svo.
* * * * * # 4* $ 4
* Alexander Iloss, bishop of Edinburgh, was probably of the same family with the
above-mentioned person. He was deprived of his bishopric in 1689, and died in
1720. " He had die chance to outlive all the brethren of his order, and all the
bishops likewise in England, who had been possessed of sees before the revolution."
Keith s " Catalogue of the bishops of Scotland," p. 41.
OF ENGLAND. 325
SYDRACH SIMPSON, late master of Pembroke
Hall ; black cap, book, $c.
Sydrach Simpson, who received his education at Cambridge,
was, in 1650, appointed master of Pembroke Hall, in that university,
by the parliamentary visitors. He was a minister in London in the
reign of Charles I. and much followed and admired as a preacher.
Dr. Preston, Philip Nye, Jeremiah Burroughs, William Bridge, and
Sydrach Simpson, were, as Neale informs us, "the five pillars of the
Independent or Congregational party, and were distinguished by
the name of the dissenting Brethren, in the Assembly of Divines."
Ob. 1654.
NICOLAUS LOCKYERUS, minister Anglica-
nus. Hollar f. 1643;
NICHOLAS LOCKYER, M.A. Hollar f. I2mo.
in an oval ; four English verses.
NICHOLAS LOCKYEII ; in an oval. W.Richardson.
Nicholas Lockyer was chaplain to Cromwell, and a frequent
preacher before the parliament, f He succeeded Francis Rous in
the provostship of Eton, of which he was deprived soon after the
restoration, and was himself succeeded by Nicholas Monck, brother
to the general. He was afterward ejected from St. Bennet s, Sheer-
hog, and Pancras, Soper-lane. He published in the reign of
Charles I. " England faithfully watcht with her Wounds, or Christ
sitting up with his Children in their swooning State ; which is the
Sum of several Lectures, painfully preached upon Colossians I.
by N. Lockyer, M.A."4to. The title of this book may serve as a
specimen of the strain in which all his works are written. Ob.
1684.
* " Hist, of the Puritans," 4to. I. 623.
t He was a native of Glastonbury, in Somersetshire; and was some time of New
Inn Hall, in the university of Oxford. On the 31st of January, 1649, he was ad
mitted fellow of Eton College, and elected provost, the 1st of Feb. 1658-9. He
vvas succeeded by Monck, the 1st of June, 16604
| E. llegist. Coll. Etoneus.
326 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY J
ROBERTUS DINGUEUS, in artibus magister.
T. Cross sc. Before his " Spiritual Taste described, or
a Glimpse of Christ, c^c." 1649 ; 8vo.
ROBERTI DINGLEI; Svo. W. Richardson.
Robert Dingley was son of Sir John Dingley, knt. by a sister
of the excellent Dr. Henry Hammond. He was educated at Mag
dalen College, in Oxford, where he was a strict observer of all
church ceremonies. He afterward became a zealous Puritan, and
was remarkably active in ejecting such as were, by that party, styled
" ignorant and scandalous ministers and schoolmasters." He was
rector of Brightstone, in the Isle of Wight, when his kinsman,
Colonel Hammond, was governor there. The Oxford antiquary
has given us a catalogue of his works ; the most extraordinary
of which is, " The Deputation of Angels, or the Angel Guardian :
1. Proved by the divine light of nature, &c. 2. From many rubs
and mistakes, &c. 3. Applied and improved for our information,
&c. chiefly grounded on Acts xii. 15. Lond. 1654." Svo. Ob.
1659, 2E,t* 40.
ROBERT DIXON ; an anonymous portrait. W.
Reader pinx. J. Collins sc. half sheet ; rare/* - - ;
Robert Dixon, rector of Tunstall,in Kent, in the year 1644, was
taken prisoner, as he passed through the Crown-Inn-yard, in
Rochester, on his return from preaching a funeral sermon at
Gravesend ; and carried to Knole-house, near Sevenoaks, in that
county, then a prison for malignant s, as the royal party were called.
From Knole, he was removed to Leeds Castle, Kent, also a prison
for the same purpose, where he was kept close prisoner for about
fourteen months, suffering great hardship and ill usage, by one
Franklyn, the then governor. The crimes laid to his charge were
his loyalty to Charles I. and his refusing to take the oath, called
the solemn league and covenant. After obtaining his liberty he was
sequestered from his living ; when a parliament party came to take
him at midnight, swearing they would cut him as small as herbs
for the pot. Having notice of their approach and intention, Mr.
Dixon escaped into Oak-wood, not far from his own house, where,
for about a week, he lay night and day, in fear of his life, and was
OF ENGLAND. 327
there supplied with small matters privately sent him, until in a lay
habit he fled, and so escaped that storm ; but his house was rifled,
and himself and family completely ruined.
On the return of Charles II. Mr. Dixon was restored to his
living, and made prebendary of Rochester, and doctor of divinity,
at Cambridge, where he had his education in St. John s College.
He wrote several learned works, particularly a folio, entitled
" The Nature of the Two Testaments," &c. He died in May, 1688.
GULTELMUS OUGHTRED, M. S3 ; sir Latin
verses. W. Fait home f. exactly in the manner of Hoi-
lar ; \Zrno. See an account of him in the preceding
reign.
EDWARD TERRY, rector of the church at
Greenford, Middlesex ; ^.64, 1655. Vaughan sc.
Svo.
EDWARD TERRY, &c. a copy of the. above ; no name
of engraver.
Edward Terry, a man of polite manners, and of exemplary life,
was chaplain to Sir Thomas Roe, in his embassy to the Great
Mogul, in the reign of Jame I. He was a curious observer in his
travels, as appears from his " Voyage to East India, &c." 1655,
Svo. to which his head is prefixed. He was also author of several
sermons, and other pieces of divinity, and of " A Character of
Charles II."* He expected that the king would have preferred
him to the deanery of Windsor ; but it was given to Dr. Bruno
Ry ves, the noted author of the " Mercurius Rusticus." See more
of him in " Athen. Oxon."
JOHANNES TRAPP, A. M. M. 53, 1654.
G ay wood f. h.sh. Before his "Exposition of the twelve
Minor Prophets" A worse impression of this print is
* See " Athen. Oxon."
328 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
before his " Exposition of the New Testament" Under
the head are six verses.
" One of this age s greatest little men, &c."*
JOHANNES TRAPP, A. M. JEt. 59, 1660; 4to.
John Trapp, vicar of Weston-upon-Avon, and schoolmaster at
Stratford, in Warwickshire, appears to have been one of the most
laborious men of his age. He has written large comments upon
almost all the books of the Old and New Testament, not to mention
several pieces of divinity of less note. He never had, or even wished,
for any preferment besides his vicarage, which lay at the con
venient distance of two miles from his school. His character for
strictness of life, and as a preacher, was such, that he was, on the
foot of his merit, offered very considerable benefices, which he
refused to accept, as his condition was equal to his wishes. He
was grandfather of Dr. Joseph Trapp, late vicar of the united
parishes of Christ Church, Newgate- street, and St. Leonard s,
Foster-lane, in London. f Ob. 17 Oct. 1669.
BENJAMIN SPENCER; without his name; his
right hand is on a scull. Cross sc. Motto, " Ferendo
sepultus, sperando result us." Before his " Golden
Mean ;" folio.
Benjamin Spencer, who was born in London about the latter
end of the sixteenth century, was probably educated at Cambridge,
as no mention is made of him by Wood. He was minister of St.
Thomas s, in Southwark, and rector in Esher, in Surrey ; but, being
a loyalist, he, by the iniquity of the times, suffered sequestration
and imprisonment. He was lecturer to the mercers company,
* This age was famous for little men of great worth and eminence ; namely,
Archbishop Laud, the Earl of Southampton, the Lord Falkland, Sir Charles Caven
dish, brother to the Marquis of Newcastle, Sidney Godolphin, Hales of Eton, Daniel
Featley, Chillingworth, &c.
t Author of several books of divinity, and of an excellent series of Lectures of
poetry, in Latin. He also published Latin translations of Anacreon and Milton,
and an English translation of Virgil, in blank verse. He has more successfully imi
tated the gaiety of Anacreon, than the sublimity of Milton, or the majesty of
Virgil.
OF ENGLAND. 329
and chaplain to Sir John Jacob, of Bromley, in Essex, when he
published his book, which has the following quaint title, and nine
epistles dedicatory prefixed :* " Chrysomeson, a Golden Mean, or
middle Way for Christians to walk by ; wherein all Seekers of
Truth, and Shakers-^ in the Faith, may find the true Religion,
independing on Man s Invention, and be established therein :
f as a Key to Christianity,
Intended s as a Touchstone for a Traveller,
v as a Seamark for a Sailor."
Speaking of this work, in his general epistle to the reader, he says,
" The outward figure of this book is like the dish called the 0/z o,*
O
a mess of altogether, which I have so composed on purpose to give
content to every appetite ; at least to some, &c. I have formed it
in the way of dialogue, because it is an inquisitive age, and also
because such kind of writing comes off more quick and home to the
understanding than long discourses, which oftentimes icearieth the
reader, and confounds the memory." This book was printed at
London, for B.S. the author, in 1650.
CAVE BECK. The figure of the European, in the
frontispiece of this book is, ivith great probability, sup
posed to be his portrait.
Cave Beck, rector of St. Helen s, in Ipswich,^ was author of a
book, entitled " The Universal Character, by which all Nations in
the World may understand one another s Conceptions, reading out
of one common Writing their own tongues," 1657, small 8vo. The
* This was an expedient to procure money, as the practice of publishing books by
subscription was then unknown. I Lave heard of an author who contrived much
better than Spencer. He prefixed a different dedication to a certain number of
printed copies, and addressed them to every great man he knew that he thought
loved flattery, arid would pay him handsomely for it. But, perhaps, none of our
authors ever managed better than Dr. Fuller, who, in his " Church History," and
the Appendix to it, which make but one volume, has, with admirable contrivance,
introduced twelve title pages besides the general one, and " as many particular dedi
cations, and no less than fifty-eight or sixty of those by-inscriptions, which are ad
dressed to his particular friends and benefactors. " This swells the bulk of it to at
least the amount of forty sheets. Heylin, in the preface to his " Exanien Histori-
cum," has censured him for walking in this untrodden path.
t The Seekers, and Shakers, or Quakers, were notable sects at this time.
Fasti Oxon." ii. 35.
Heylin.
VOL. III. 2 U
330 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
most considerable work of this kind is that of Bishop Wilkins, who,
as Wood says, took the hint of his treatise from George Dolgarno s-
"Ars Signorum, &c. published in 1661. This person, who was a
Scotsman, was a schoolmaster at Oxford, where he died in 1687,
Mr. Leibnitz, who was in England in 1673, " told Mr. Boyle
and Mr. Oldenburgh, that he did not think either Dr. Wilkins or
Dolgarno had come to the point. They might, indeed, enable
nations, who did not understand each other, to correspond easily
together ; but they had not obtained the true real character, which
would be the best instrument of the human mind, and extremely
assist both the reason and memory, and the invention of things.
These characters ought to resemble as much as possible those of
algebra, which are very simple and expressive, and are never su
perfluous or equivocal, but whose varieties are grounded on reason.
Mr. Leibnitz speaks somewhere of an alphabet, which he was con
triving, of human thoughts. Probably this alphabet had some re
lation to his universal language."
SAMUEL FAIRCLOUGH, A.M.&c. Van Hove
sc. a small head ;\ in Clarke s " Lives ;" folio.
SAMUEL FA IRC LOUGH ;. Svo. in the "Nonconform
ists Memorial."
Samuel Fairclough, who was born at Haverill, in Suffolk, was
one of the most finished scholars and celebrated preachers among
the modern Puritans of his time. He was educated at Queen s
College, in Cambridge, and was there supposed to be puritanically
inclined, when, at an early age, he was private tutor to Mr.
Compton, afterward earl of Northampton, and was chosen to act
the part of Surda, in the comedy of Ignoramus, which he obsti
nately refused, though strongly solicited, and even laughed at for
his refusal by the vice chancellor. He declared, that he thought it
unlawful for a man to wear women s clothes, though in a comedy.
Upon this declaration his pupil frankly offered to act his tutor s
part, and that of Vince, which was alotted for himself. He was
some time lecturer at Lynn, in Norfolk, and afterward successively
minister of Barnardiston and Ketton, in Suffolk, to which benefices
* " Biog. Brit." artic. WILKINS, note (S.)
t This print may be placed here, or in the reign of Charles I.
OF ENGLAND. 331
he was preferred by Sir Nathaniel Barnardiston. In 1662, he was
ejected for nonconformity, and was succeeded in the rectory of
Ketton by Mr. Tillotson, whom he resembled in several circum
stances of his character. He was, in the pulpit, confessedly supe
rior to any divine of his persuasion, and preached constantly four
times a week ; once to the clergy, many of whom frequented his
lectures. His discourses were well digested and carefully committed
to writing before they were publicly delivered. He had then his
notes constantly before hrm ; but such was the strength of his me
mory, that he scarce ever was seen to turn his eyes from the audi
ence. This truly pious and worthy man died the 14th of Decem
ber, 1677, aged 84. His funeral sermon was preached by an emi
nent conforming divine.
FRANCISCUS ROBERTS, JS.48, 1656; h.sh.
Before his " Clams Bibliorum."
Francis Roberts, who was minister of St. Augustin s, in London,
and afterward rector of Wrington, in Somersetshire, was an assist
ant to the commissioners appointed by the parliament, for the ejec
tion of such as were then called " scandalous, ignorant, and insuf
ficient ministers and schoolmasters." He was author of several
pieces of practical divinity ; but his principal work is " Clavis Bib-
liorum, or A Key to the Bible," successively printed in 8vo. 4to.
and folio. Ob. 1675. See a catalogue of his work sin " A then.
Oxon."
HENRY STUBBES; Ob. July (7) 1678, JEfc.73;
12,7720.
\
Henry Stubbes was a puritan divine of distinguished merit, who
was educated at Wadham College, in Oxford. In 1654, when he
resided in the city of Wells, he was appointed one of the commis
sioners for ejecting " ignorant and scandalous ministers." Mr.
Wood speaks of him as a seditious preacher ; but Dr. Calamy, who
is acknowledged to be a writer of more candour, gives us a very
different character of him ; and represents him as a man of great
humility, meekness, and charity, and " above all factious induce
ments."* Certain it is, that his incessant and disinterested labours
* See " C;.ilanvy s Account of the ejected Ministers," p. 318, ct seq.
332 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
in the ministry, his practical writings, which breathe a spirit of
piety, and the correspondent life of the author, gained him great
esteem and reverence from the moderate of all persuasions. Mr.
Baxter preached his funeral sermon.
JOHANNES GOODWIN, S. Theol. Cantabrig.
Ob. Anno Mat. 72, 1665. .. 1 :...
JOHN GOODWIN ; with a wind-mill over his head,
and a weather-cock upon it ; 4to.
JOHN GOODWIN ; with a wind-mill, 8$c. W. Rich
ardson.
John Goodwin, minister of Coleman-street,* was a man who
made more noise in the world than any other person of his age,
rank, and profession. He had the hardiness to introduce Armi-
nianism among the Calvinists, which he bravely and zealously de
fended, both in his sermons and writings. It is hard to say,
whether he displayed more courage in attacking or repelling the
enemy. It is certain that he had a very powerful body to deal with,
as it was said, that " he was a man by himself; was against every
man, and had every man almost against him." His genius seemed
to be adapted to polemical divinity, and to an age of faction and
tumult. He was appointed by the council of war to attend upon
Charles I. a little before his execution. This was deemed an insult
upon fallen majesty; as no man more eagerly promoted, or more
zealously defended the murder of the king. His discourses and
writings on this subject were well remembered at the restoration ;
but it was also remembered, that he had sown the seeds of
division among the sectaries, which is supposed to have saved his
life.
CHRISTOPHER LOVE, JEt.35,Aug.22, 1651.
T. Cross sc. 4to.
CHRISTOPHER LOVE, Jt. 35, 1652. Cross sc.
\1rno.
* " Johannes Goodwin, Norfolc." became fellow of Queen s College, in Cam
bridge, in 1617". MS. Lambeth, No. 805.
OF ENGLAND. * 333
CHRISTOPHER LOVE, in the pulpit. A. Conradus f.
large h.sh.
CHRISTOPHER LOVE ; a small oval.
CHRISTOPHER LOVE. Vandergucht sc. 8vo.
CHRISTOPHER LOVE; a small oval, in a square.
(Cross.)
CHRISTOPHER LOVE. (Gaywood) oval frame; I2mo.
Christopher Love, who was successively minister of St. Anne s,
Aldersgate, and St. Laurence Jewry, in London, was author of
sermons, and other pieces of practical divinity,* which gained him
a considerable reputation. He was convicted by the high court of
justice of holding correspondence with the king, and conspiring
against the republican government ; for which he was condemned
to be beheaded. The strongest application was made to the par
liament for his pardon, not only by his wife and friends, but also by
several parishes in London, and by fifty-four ministers ; who could
only procure a respite of his execution for a month. He was be
headed in July, 1651.
There is a sheet print of his execution, with a Dutch inscription.
scarce.
ARTHUR JACKSON. Bouest p. Loggan sc. 4to.
Arthur Jackson, minister of St. Michael, Wood-street, adhered
strongly to the parliament, upon the commencement of the civil
war. He was a particular friend of Love, and refused to give evi
dence against him ; for which he was fined 500/. and committed
close prisoner to the Fleet. He, at the head of the Presbyterians,
presented the Bible to Charles II. when he made his triumphant
procession through London. There was a particular propriety in
choosing this person for that office, as he had written a commentary
upon several parts of it. This work, to which his head is prefixed,
is in three vols. 4to. He was a man of prodigious application. Dr.
Calamy informs us, that he " studied 14 or 16 hours a day, at the
* His Sermons, in three volumes 8vo. were published in 1652, 1654, and 1657,
with his funeral sermon by Thomas Manton.
334 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY * v
university; and. constantly rose at 3 or 4 of the clock in the morn
ing, summer and winter, to redeem his time, and held it at the age
of 73."* Ob. 5 Aug. 1666.
GULIELMUS BRIDGE. Sherwin sc. IZmo.^
WILLIAM BRIDGE. P. Holmes; \2rno. altered and
inscribed "Henry Stubbes"
WILLIAM BRIDGE ; in the " Nonconformists Memo
rial." Caldwall sc.
William Bridge, who, in 1637, was silenced by Bishop Wren
for nonconformity, retired afterward to Rotterdam, where he was
elected pastor of a congregational church. Upon the breaking out
of the rebellion, he returned to England, and was chosen a member
of the Assembly of Divines. He was many years resident at Yar
mouth. In Peck s "Desiderata Curiosa,"t is a letter of William
Bridge to Henry Scobell, esq, clerk of the council, about aug
menting the income of preachers, with the names of the Inde
pendent ministers of prime note in the county of Norfolk. This
shews that he was a leading man among the Independents. He
was author of one-and-twenty treatises, in two vols. 4to. 1657;
Sermons before the parliament, &c. 06.12 March, 1670, IEt. 70.
MR. JOHN DURANT; "Moderate Durant ?
small Svo.
John Durant was a minister of special note at Canterbury, where
he usually preached in the cathedral church. When the Bartho
lomew Act took place, he was ejected thence for nonconformity.
He was author of several sermons ; of " Comfort and Counsel for
dejected Souls ;" and other treatises on similar subjects, in a very
singular canting style. J
* See Calami s " Account of the ejected Ministers," p. 3.
t Vol. ii. lib. xiii. No. 9.
J In his " Sips of Sweetness," upon Isaiah xl. ll. reprinted in 1662, are the fol
lowing passages : " Will gently lead those that are with young ; that is, Christ will
$ " He shall feed his flock, like a shepherd; he shall gather the Iambs with his
arm, and carry them in his bosom, and shall gently lead those that are with young."
OF ENGLAND. 335
CUTHBERTUS SIDENHAM, or (Sydenham),
2Et. 31, 1654. Gayiooodf. Before his " Greatness of
the My sterie of Godliness" 1656; Svo.
CUTHBERT S.IDENIIAM, in a cloak. Before his
" Hypocrisie Discovered" 1654; 8vo.
Cuthbert Sidenham, who was educated at Oxford, was author of
sermons, and other practical pieces of divinity. His " Hypocrisie
Discovered," &c. was the subject of seven sermons, taken from his
mouth, in shorthand, by one of his friends, and published without
alteration. It must presently appear, to an attentive reader, that
that this circumstance is far from being a recommendation of these
discourses.* He wrote a warm piece of controversy in vindication
of " the two honourable patriots," Oliver Cromwell and Sir Arthur
Haslerig; in which he has endeavoured to wipe off the aspersions
of the famous incendiary John Lilburne. Ob . March, 1654.
be very kind to those saints that step aside." And he thus comforts those that are
big with young in a sinful sense : " O ye sinning ewes, who have been big with
young! hath not he gone after you, and found you, and laid you upon his
shoulders, rejoicing? It may be, thou hast been wandering, like Dinah, from thy
father s house, and art big with young, and afraid to go home ; but fear not, go and
try, he will not cast you out of doors, though you come with big bellies ; he will
deal gently with you, though with young. And then it is our glory to be Christ s
ewes ; and then, when a woman is big with young, and cries out, O my belly, my
belly 1 , here is a point of comfort, that Christ is sweet to such persons." Afterward
he thus exclaims : " O blessed ewes ! O believing ewes ! and O believing bees,
that suck the honey of sin-hatred out of the wormwood of sin acted !" In another
place, he tells us, that " Christ accounts their very stammerings sweet. Meih,
meih! saith the little one, and the mother counts it music."t Incredible as it may
seem, much in this strain was the popular eloquence that prevailed at this period ;
eloquence that, attracted crowded audiences, and which was eagerly committed to
writing by the devout scribes. " Of all mortals," says Sir John Birkenhead, " I
admire the short-hand men who have the patience to write from his mouth. Had
they the art to shorten it into sense, they might write his whole sermon on the back
of their nail."|
* If some modern sermons were taken down in short-hand, and published as they
were delivered, it would be a clear proof of what the foolishness of preaching, aided
by the power of action, can do.
t See this, and more, in L Estrange s " Dissenter s Sayings."
$ " Character of an Assembly-Man," p. 17, 113.
336. BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY ,
JOHANNES FROST, M. 31. Vaughan sc. 4to.
John Frost was fellow of St. John s College, in Cambridge, and
afterward pastor of the church of St. Olave, in London. He was
author of a volume of discourses, entitled " Select Sermons," &c.
1 658, fol. to which is prefixed his head. He died about the time of
the restoration.
JAMES NALTON. J. Chantry sc. \2mo.inan oval.
JAMES NALTON, preaching. G. M.
JAMES NALTON ; In an oval. W. Richardson.
James Nalton was some time pastor of St. Leonard s, Foster-lane.
He was concerned in what was called " Love s Plot," and fled into
Holland, to avoid punishment for conspiring against the Inde
pendent government. Baxter commends him highly for his great
piety and learning, and his uncommon seriousness as a preacher; He
was often so deeply affected with his subject, as to shed tears while
he was preaching, and it was no unusual thing to see the tears
trickling down the cheeks of the congregation at the same time.
A discourse, with which the preacher appeared to be so sensibly
moved, could scarce fail of rinding its way to the hearts of his
audience. This good man was, especially in the latter part of his
life, subject to melancholy, which sometimes threw him into de
spair. He died of this horrid distemper, in December, 1662. A
considerable number of his sermons are in print.
MR. THOMAS CAWTON, M. 54 ; Svo. Fron
tispiece to his Life, 1662.
THOMAS CAWTON, 2Et. 54, 1659. W.Richardson.
Thomas Cawton, minister of Wivenhoe, in Essex, and afterward
of St. Bartholomew s, behind the Royal Exchange, was educated at
Queen s College, in Cambridge. He there laid the foundation of
that learning in which he had few equals, and began to distinguish
himself by that piety in which he had scarce a superior. He was
eminent for his knowledge in the ancient and modern languages,
and was well known in England and Holland as an orientalist.
He was very instrumental in promoting the great work of the
OF ENGLAND. 337
i
Polyglot Bible, and was an encourager of Dr. Castle s Polyglot
Lexicon. He was deeply concerned in Love s unhappy affair, and
fled into Holland at the same time with Nalton, where they were
joint pastors of the English church at Rotterdam. He died abroad,
the 7th of August, 1659. The account of his life is an artless
picture of a man who did great honour to his profession, and was
a pattern of virtue in every social relation. The author tells us,
that when Mr. Cawton first received the sacrament, he fainted ;
and he ever afterward expressed the profoundest reverence, and the
most elevated devotion, at that awful solemnity. The very learned
Thomas Cawton, whose life is in the " Biographia," was his son.
OBADIAH SEDGWICK ; small Svo.
OBADIAH SEDGWICK; from a picture in the pos
session of N. Coilis, bookseller, Kettering, Northamp
tonshire. W. Richardson.
Obadiah Sedgwick, who had been chaplain to Sir Horace Vere,
in his expedition into the Netherlands, was successively preacher
of St. Mildred s parish, in Bread-street, and minister of St. Paul s,
Covent-garden ; where he preceded his son-in-law, Dr. Manton.
He was one of the Assembly of Divines, a trier of ministers, and a
frequent preacher before the parliament. He espoused their cause
with uncommon zeal, and was very forward, both by preaching and
acting, to carry on the great work of reformation " in church and
state."* He was author of a considerable number of sermons, and
other pieces of practical divinity. Ob. 1657.
* Sir John Birkenhead, speaking of the popular declaimers in the reign of
Charles I. says, " "Tis pleasant to observe how finely they play into each other s
hands. Marshall! procures thanks to be given to Sedgwick ; and (for his great
pains), Sedgwick obtains as much for Marshall, and so they pimp for one another.
But yet (to their great comfort be it spoken), their whole seven years sermons at
Westminster, are to be sold in Fetter-lane and Pye-corner."
t Stephen Marshall, an Independent, was minister of Finchingfield, tn Essex.
He was, as Newccurt informs us, called "The Geneva Bull,"J Wood styles him
} " Repertorium," ii. p. 265. He had this appellation from Cleavelafd, who,
in his " Rebel Scot," has this distich :
" Or roar, like Marshall, that Geneva Bull,
Hell and damnation a pulpit full."
VOL. III. 2 X
338 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
HEZEKIAH HOLLAND, minister of the gospel,
at Sutton Valence, in Kent ; Svo.
HEZEKIAH HOLLAND; Svo. W.Richardson.
Hezekiah Holland styles himself Anglo-Hibernus in his " Expo
sition, or a short, but full, plain, and perfect Epitome of the most
choice Commentaries of the Revelation of St. John," 1650, 4to.
This was, for the most part, delivered by way of exposition, in his
parish church of Sutton Valence.
JOHANNES MURCOT, M. 30. Faithornef. 4to.
Frontispiece to his Works ; very scarce.
JOHANNES MUKCOT, JEt. 30, 1654. W. Richardson.
John Murcot, a Presbyterian, studied at Merton College, in Ox
ford, from which he removed when that city was garrisoned for
Charles I. He was, for some time, a minister in Cheshire ; and
afterward at Dublin, where he was one of the preachers in ordinary
to the lord-deputy. He was much admired for his preaching, was
a man of great industry in his profession, and of uncommon strict
ness of life. Mr. Wood styles him a " forward, prating, and prag
matical Precisian ;" and tells us, that he gave up the ghost, " very
unwillingly," at Dublin, the 3d of December, 1654. The authors
of his life inform us, that he longed for his dissolution, and ex
pressed the greatest joy when it approached. See his Life before
his Works.
Vera effigies JO. ROGERS. Saville p. Hollar f.
1653. Arms, a chevron betwixt three stags current. It
" the Archflamen of the rebellious Rout."* He, with his son-in-law, Philip Nye,
was sent to Scotland to expedite the covenant. Several years afterward, they were
appointed to treat with Charles I. at the Isle of Wight, for which each had a pre
mium of 500/. Marshall, Nye, and Peters, are spoken of in much the same terms
by the royalists, as being alike preachers of resistance, and notorious for their zeal
and activity in promoting the rebellion. The most memorable of Marshall s works,
is his sermon preached at the funeral of Pym, to which is prefixed the head of the
latter, by Glover.
* " Athena?," ii. 38.
OF ENGLAND, - 339
appears that Vert lies description of this portrait is taken
from an imperfect print. See his " Catalogue of Hol
lar s Works," first edit. p. 74.
JOHN ROGERS. R. Gay wood ; small oval.
John Rogers, who was minister of Purleigh, in Essex, became
afterward pastor of St. Thomas the Apostle s, in London. It ap
pears, that he was also minister of Christ Church, in Dublin. He
was a great fanatic, and no less popular among the Anabaptists
and Fifth Monarchy Men, than Love was among the Presbyterians.
After Cromwell had deserted these sectaries, he took umbrage at
the great popularity and enterprising spirit of Rogers ; and was
little less apprehensive of Feake, who was also regarded as a leader
of that party.* They were both imprisoned, and the Protector was
thought to act with extraordinary clemency in sparing their lives.
This was imputed to a secret regard that he retained for his old
friends the Independents. The writings of Rogers are of a very
singular cast. Zachary Crofton wrote an answer to a book of his,
entitled, "A Tabernacle for the Sun, or Irenicum Evangelicum, an
Idea of Church Discipline," 1653; before which is his head by
Hollar. The same person was author of " Bethshemesh clouded,
or some Animadversions on the Rabbinical Talmud of Rabbi John
Rogers."
DR. BAILEY; small quarto ; mezz. Woodburnexc.
Thomas Bailey, the fourth and youngest son of Bishop Bailey,
was educated at Cambridge, and having commenced B.A. was
presented to the subdeanery of Wells by Charles I. in 1638. In
1644, he retired with other loyalists to Oxford ; where, proceeding
in his degrees, he was created D.D. and two years after, we find
him with the Marquis of Worcester, in Ragland Castle, after the
battle of Naseby. In the year 1649, he published "The Royal
Charter granted unto Kings by God himself, &c. to which is added,
a Treatise, wherein is proved, that Episcopacy is Jure Divino" 8vo.
These writings occasioned his being committed to Newgate ;
whence escaping, he retired to Holland, and became a zealous
* Ludlow informs us, that Rogers and Sampson, ministers, preached against
Cromwell s usurpation. (< Memoirs," II. p. 490.
340 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Roman Catholic. Some time after he settled at Douay, and at last
went to Italy, where he lived and died extremely poor.
THOMAS LARKHAM, &c. JEt. 54 ; without the
engraver s name; prefixed to his " Sermons."
THOMAS LARKHAM, JEt. 50, 1652. T. Cross; scarce.
Thomas Larkham, a zealous Puritan, was persecuted by the
Star-chamber, and other ecclesiastical courts, in the reign of
Charles I. which occasioned his flying to New-England. Upon his
return, he was chosen minister of Tavistock, in Devonshire, where
he was greatly esteemed. He was author of several books ; but
his principal work is his "Discourse of the Attributes of God, in
sundry Sermons," 4to. 1656. Ob. 1669, Mt. 68.
THOMAS MOCKET, M. 68, 1670. Cross sc.
I2mo.
Thomas Mocket, who was master of arts of both universities,
was educated at Queen s College, in Cambridge. In the reign of
Charles I. he was minister of Holt, in Denbighshire, and afterward
of Geldesden, in Hertfordshire. He was chaplain to John Egerton,
earl of Bridgewater, when he was lord-president of the marches
of Wales. He was author of several books of practical divinity, of
which the most considerable is his " Gospel Duties and Dignity,"
4to. 1641. The most singularly remarkable of his works is entitled,
" Christmas, the Christians grand Feast, its Growth ; and Obser
vation of Easter, Whitsuntide, and other Holidays, modestly dis
cussed and determined," &c. London, 1651.*
JOSEPH SYMONDS, late vice-provost of Eton;
JEt. 50 ;
JOSEPH SYMONDS, &c. W. Richardson.
Several pieces, written by a person of both his names, occur in
the Sion and Bodleian Catalogues. They were printed in 1641,
1 One of the popular topics of preaching at this time, was against festivals, to
which fasts were sometimes substituted, merely from a principle of opposition.
OF ENGLAND. . 341
1651, 1655. In one of these he is called " Minister of St. Martin s,
Ironmonger-lane." Mention is made of him, under that appellation,
in Archbishop Laud s " Account of his Province," for 1639. See
" The History of his Troubles and Tryal," p. 559.
SAMUEL MOORE ; in a black cap and cloak.
Marshall sc. Svo. Under the head in a small oval, is
this motto : " Non est mortale quod opto." The print
may be placed here, or in the preceding reign.
He was author of a book called the " Yearnings of Christ s
Bowels/ &c. printed in 1648 and 1654, Svo.
" ROBERT MATON, preacher of the Word,"
&c. Cross sc. In MS. under the head.
Robert Maton, who was born at Tudworth, in Wiltshire, and
educated at Wadham College, in Oxford, was strongly possessed
with the millenary notions ; and, like other enthusiasts, his con
temporaries, seems to have dreamed that the Millennium would
have been ushered in by the rebellion. He was author of " Israel s
Redemption, or a Prophetical History of our Saviour s Kingdom
on Earth," &c. on Acts i. 6 ; 1642, Svo. " A Discourse of Gog and
Magog, or the Battle of the great Day of God Almighty," on
Ezek. xxxviii. 2. " A Comment on the xx. Chapter of the Reve
lation," 1652, 4to. " Israel s Redemption redeemed, or the Jews
miraculous Conversion to the Faith of the Gospel, and Return into
their own Land, and our Saviour s personal Reign on Earth, proved
from the Old and New Testament," &c. 1646. This was reprinted
under the title of "The Fifth Monarchy," &c. in 1655, with his
head prefixed.*
WILLIAM BENN. J. Caldwall sc. In the " Non
conformists Memorial."
William Benn, born in Cumberland, 1600, and educated in the
free-school of St. Bees, was member of Queen s College, Oxford ;
then he obtained a presentation to Okingham, in Berkshire, and
* Sec Wood.
342 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
did the duty jointly with one Bateman. He was also appointed
chaplain to the Marchioness of Northampton, and continued in her
service till 1626; when, through the interest of John White, he
was made rector of Allhallows church, and preached gratuitously
to the prisoners in the jail within his parish. The place being
much frequented, he caused a chapel to be built within the prison
walls. He was ejected from his parish for nonconformity. It
was his custom to pray in his study seven times a day, and in his
prayers to give God thanks for certain deliverances of him from
danger in the course of his life past. He retired to Dorchester,
where he died, 1680, Mt. 80. At this great age he is said never to
have used spectacles.
THOMAS HILDER, of Sandwich, in Kent,
53, 1651. His name is not inscribed. Under the print,
which was engraved by Vaughan, are eight verses.
t( The effigies here on which you look," &c.
His dress denotes him a puritan divine.
He was author of an uncommon book, entitled "Conjugal Coun
sel, or seasonable Advice both to unmarried and married Persons,"
to which is prefixed his print, 8vo. It was written chiefly for the
use of Samuel, Mehetabel, and Anne Hilder, his children, to whom
he has addressed himself in a long dedication.
HUGH PETERS, in the pulpit ; a full congrega
tion: he is represented turning an hour-glass; near him
are these words: "I know you are good fellows, stay and
take the other glass" Before his Life, by William
Young, M. D. (a Welsh physician.) I2?no. 1663.
HUGH PETERS, in a pulpit, <rc. copied from the above,
and prefixed to his "Jests"
HUGH PETERS; with a wind-mill on his head,
W. Richardson.
HUGH PETERS ; in the print with John Tlutrlow.
OF ENGLAND. j 343
HUGH PETERS ; in the print of the Regicides.
HUGH PETERS, ^Et. 57. P. Coles.
HUGH PETERS ; whole length; standing on the Com
mon-Prayer; councils drawing bags of money with a
cord. ( W. Fait home.)
HUGH PETERS; in CaulfielcVs "High Court of Jus
tice."
HUGH PETERS ; with a wind-mill on his head. The
devil is whispering in his ear, Svo. To this print was
afterward affixed the name of Father Peters*
Hugh Peters, who was the son of a merchant! at Fowey, in Corn
wall, was some time a member of Jesus College, in Cambridge,
* Before Sir John Birkenhead s " Assembly-Man," which contains a general and
very satirical character of a fanatic divine belonging to the assembly at Westminster,
is a frontispiece, by Faithorne, which is supposed to have been intended for Hugh
Peters, or some active zealot of that period. The figure is a whole length, in a
cloak, treading on the fathers, councils, common-prayer, &c.
Sir John, speaking of an Assembly-Man, says,t ie His whole prayer is such an
irrational bleating, that (without a metaphor) tis the calves of his lips. He uses
fine new words, as savingable, muchly, Christ-Jesusness ; and yet he has the face
to preach against prayer in an unknown tongue. $
" Sometimes he s foundered; and then there is such hideous coughing; but that s
very seldom ; for he can glibly run over nonsense, as an empty cart trundles down
a hill.
" His usual auditory is most part female ; and as many sisters flock to him as at
Paris on St. Margaret s day, when all come to church that are, or hope to be, with
child that year."
t See " H. Peters s Legacy to his daughter," p. 98.
t P. 14, 15.
Dr. South, in vol. v. p. 493, of his " Sermons," where he mentions the simpli
city of St. Paul s language, says, " This was the way of the apostles discoursing of
things sacred. Nothing here of the fringes of the north-star ; nothing of nature s
becoming unnatural ; nothing of the down of angers wings, or the beautiful locks of
cherubims; no starched similitudes, introduced with a thus have I seen a cloud rolling
in its airy mansion; and the like. No, these were sublimities above the rise of the
apostolic spirit; for the apostles, poor mortals ! were content to take lower steps,
and to tell the world in plain terms, that he who believed should be saved, and that he
who believed not should be damned."
344 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
whence he is said to have been expelled for his irregular beha
viour.* He afterward betook himself to the stage, f where he ac
quired that gesticulation and buffoonery which he practised in the
pulpit.| He was admitted into holy orders by Dr. Mountaine,
bishop of London ; and was, for a considerable time, lecturer of St.
Sepulchre s in that city : but being prosecuted for criminal conver
sation with another man s wife,^ he fled to Rotterdam, where he
was pastor of the English church, together with the learned Dr.
William Ames. He afterward exercised his ministry in New-Eng
land, where he continued about seven years. He was a great
pretender to the saintly character, a vehement declaimer against
Charles I. and one of the foremost to encourage and justify the re
bellion. || The historical and critical account of his life, published
a few years since, is chiefly taken from " A dying Father s last
Legacy, &c. or H. Peters s Advice to his Daughter." See the reign
of CHARLES II.
JOHANNES PORDAGE.^ FaithornefAto. Pre-
* See his Life by Dr. Young, p. 6.
t Life, p. 7.
J The English language was much corrupted by the preachers at this period.
The eloquence of the pulpit differed widely from every other species, and abounded
with such figures of speech as rhetoric has found no name for.** The language of
prayer was no less corrupted than that of preaching ; the second person in the Tri
nity was frequently addressed in the familiar, the fond, and the fulsome style ;
much of which seems to have been borrowed from " The Academy of Compli
ments," a foolish book published about this time.
Life, p. 20.
H When Charles was brought to London for his trial, Hugh Peters, as Sir Philip
Warwick says, " was truly and really his gaoler."tt Dr. White Kennet informs us,
that he bore a colonel s commission in the civil war ; that he was vehement for the
death of the king ; that it was strongly suspected that he was one of his masked
executioners ; and that one Hulet was the other. " Register," &c. p. 277. 284.
If As I have never seen the book to which this head belongs, I am in doubt as
** This is exemplified in a printed account of a sermon of Hugh Peters s on
Psalm cvii. ver. 7. " He led them forth by the right way, that they might go to the
city of habitation." He told his audience that God was forty years leading Israel
through the wilderness to Canaan, which was not forty days march; but that God s
right way was a great way about. He then made a circumflex on his cushion, and
said, that the Israelites were led " crinkledum cum crankledum." See the story at
large in the " Parliamentary History," vol. xxii. p. 72.
tt Memoirs, p. 340.
OF ENGLAND. . 345
fixed to his " Theologize Mystria" 1683 ; 4to. Copied
by W. Richardson.
John Pordage, who is placed by Baxter at the head of the
Behmenists, was some time preacher of St. Laurence s church, in
Reading, and afterward rector of Bradfield, in Berkshire. He was
a man of much natural enthusiasm ; and having over-heated his
imagination by reading the works of Jacob Behmen, he, like that
visionary, fancied himself inspired. He pretended to know divine
truth by a clearer light than that of the Scripture, which he con
sidered as little better than a dead letter. He was accused by Chris
topher Fowler, a clergyman of Reading, before the commissioners
of Berks for ejecting ministers, of preaching anti-scriptural doc
trine, of blasphemy, and familiarity with evil spirits. Much of the
history of this strange enthusiast may be seen in Fowler s " Dsemo-
nium Meridianum." He acknowledges himself, in his answer to
that book, that he had sensible communion with angels ; and that
he knew good spirits from bad by his sight, and even by his smell.
He also acknowledges, that his house was, for a month, infested
with evil spirits ; and that he had a visible conflict with a fiery
dragon, which filled a large room ; " that an impression was made
in the brick-wall of his chimney, of a coach drawn with tigers and
lions, which could not be got out, till it was hewed out with pick
axes ; and another on his glass- window, which yet remameth."
But these spirits, as he believed, were raised by one Everard, whom
he looked upon as a conjurer. This man, who appeared to be a
proselyte of Pordage s, was for several weeks a sojourner in his
family. The character of Pordage may be summed up in very few
words ; he was far gone in one of the most incurable kinds of
madness, the frenzy of enthusiasm. See more of him in his " Vindi
cation of himself against several Aspersions," &c. Lond. 1655.
See also Wood s " Athenee," II. 578 ; and Baxter s " Life," fol.
part i. p. 77.
to the person whom it represents. I have lately seen the same print, as I appre
hend, inscribed, " Effigies Johannis Pordage, PhilosopKi, Medici, Theologi, Au-
thoris hujus Figure Hieroglyphic." He is styled " chymist," in ft manuscript
inscription under the head, in the Pepysian library. Queere, if a son Of the clergy
man, who had several children, of whom Samuel was a poet.
VOL. III. 2 Y
346 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
SAMUEL KEME; S. T. Bac. M. 33, 1638. G.
Glover sc. small quarto ; scarce.
Samuel Kerne, after being some time at Magdalen College,
where he took holy orders, proceeded bachelor of divinity, and was
made rector of the church at Albury, in Oxfordshire. He was
chaplain to, and captain of, a troop of horse in the regiment of
Basil, earl of Denbigh, in which he prayed and preached to en
courage the soldiers to fight. A. Wood says, he was a man of
a very servile spirit, a flatterer, a time-server, an Epicure, a
lecher, &c. and always pretended to saintship ; and when at col
lege, was said to be the most notorious liar that ever wore long ears.
He died at Albury 1670. He published several sermons, &c. See
Wood s "Athense."
.,;_;. I A SCOTCH DIVINE. : ;, : ;
ROBERT LEIGHTON, S. S. Th. Professor pri-
marius, et academiae Edinburgenee prsefectus, 2Et. 46,
1654. R. White sc. small
ROBERT LEIGHTON, JEt. 40, 1654; prefixed to his
"Works" 1758. R. Strange.
This excellent person is represented by Bishop Burnet as one of
the most perfect characters of his own, or any other age. He was
learned, eloquent, and devout; but his piety was the most unaffected
in the world. His charity was comprehensive with respect to
speculative opinions ; but he could never overlook flagrant vices
and corruptions in the professors of any religion. He was, for his
singular merit, preferred to the bishopric of Dumblain, and after-
Consec. ward to the archbishopric of Glasgow. He had many enemies
1 g 61 ec * among the rigid Episcopalians, as he was strongly inclined to make
some concessions to the Presbyterians, in order to an accommoda
tion* Though he was upwards of seventy years of age, he appeared
in great health and spirits, and in the full possession of all his
* Burnet s " History of his own Time," i. 273, et seq.
OF ENGLAND. * 347
faculties, the day before he died ; but was even then apprehensive
of his approaching dissolution. He seemed to think the circum
stances that usually attend death worse than death itself; and
wished to die at an inn to avoid the sorrowful looks and trouble
some assiduities of his friends. The event was according to his
wish, for he died at the Bell Inn, in Warwick-lane, in 1684. His
select works were published in 8vo. 1746. See more of him in
Burnet s " History of his own Times," and in Dr. Docldridge s
" Life." The last mentioned author published his expository works,
and other valuable remains.
JOHANNES D ESPAGNE, Sancti Evangelii
Minister; Doctrina singular!, Studio indefesso,
Morurn suavitate, adversorum Tolerantia, inclytus.
Before his " Essay, " fyc. Svo.
John D Espagne was minister of a French congregation, which
assembled at Durham-house, in the Strand ; and, after that was
pulled down, at the chapel in Somerset-house, which was procured
for that assembly by order of the House of Lords,* by many of
whom he was much followed and admired. He wrote on the sacra
ment, and several other subjects in French. The following books,
which are the most considerable of his works, have been translated
into English : " The Use of the Lord s Prayer, maintained against
the Objections of the Innovators of these times," Englished by
C.M. London, 1646. " An Essay on the Wonders of God in the
Harmony of the Times, Generations, and most illustrious Events
therein enclosed ; from the original of Ages to the Close of the
New Testament," 1662, 8vo. This was published after his de
cease, by his executor.
PRIESTS OF THE CHURCH OF ROME.
RICKARDUS CARPENTERUS. Fait home sc.
small 4 to. From his " two Sermons" The second is
* The French church hi the Savoy was erected in the reign of Charles IT. It
was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of London, and the English Liturgy was
used.
348 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
entitled, " Astrology proved harmless, useful, pious i
on Gen. i. 14. " And let them be for signs." It is
dedicated to Mr. Ashmole. The head is at the end of
the dedication. These sermons were printed at London,
in 4to. 1657.* See the reign of Charles I. and II.
PETRUS WRIGHT, Sacerdos e Soc. Jesu, ob
Fidem passus, Londini, 1651. C. Galle sc.
PETRUS WRIGHT. J. Thane.
Peter Wright was a Jesuit and a missionary in England. He
was some time chaplain to the Marquis of Winchester, and after
ward to Sir Henry Gage, governor of Oxford in the time of the
civil war.f He assisted that great man in his last moments, being
with him when he received his fatal wound in the skirmish at
Culham-bridge. Wright, happening afterward to be seized, was
tried and condemned to die on account of his sacerdotal character.
He suffered at Tyburn, the 29th of May, 1651. The principal evi
dence against him was Thomas Gage, brother to Sir Henry, who,
from a Franciscan friar, was " turned priest-catcher, and captain
of the band of pursuivants." He had almost an unlimited power
to search the houses of Catholics in the reign of Charles 1 4
The following person was of Scottish extraction,
ALEXANDER MORUS, summus Vir, &c. Cris
pin de Pas Jigu. half length ; h. sh.
ALEXANDER MORUS. V. Schuppen.
ALEXANDER MORUS. J. Cor r ens ; 4to.
* It is probable that he professed himself a Protestant when his Sermons wer
printed.
t This is the Jesuit hinted at in Clarendon, vol. ii. 8vo. p, 553.
1 Dod.iii. 114.
OF ENGLAND. -349
ALEXANDER MORUS. Van Somer ; mezz.
ALEXANDER MORUS. W.Vaillant; L.Visscher.
ALEXANDER MORE; inscribed "Merr lento Mori /*
no name of engraver ; sheet.
Alexander More, who was the son of a Scotsman, at Castres, in
Languedoc, was one of the completest scholars, and most eloquent
and graceful preachers of his age. He was well skilled in the
Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Arabic languages, and was an excel
lent divine, poet, and historian. He distinguished himself at a very
early period, when he, on the foot of his merit, was elected Greek
professor at Geneva, where he succeeded Spanheim in the divinity-
chair. He was honoured with another divinity-chair in the cele
brated school at Middleburgh ; and, by the invitation of the magis
trates of Amsterdam, succeeded the famous Gerard Vossius in the
professorship of history, in which he appeared to advantage,
though he was successor to so great a man. He afterward be
came minister of the Protestant church at Paris. He was intimate
with Salmasius, and took his part against Milton, who treated him
as a lecher and a libertine; not, indeed, without some founda
tion, as his character was not untainted with regard to women. It
appears, that his morals raised him some enemies : his merits per
haps more ; and his temper, which was ambitious, fickle, bold, and
presumptuous, most of all.
The reader may see an account of his works, which are chiefly
theological, in Bayle, who particularly mentions his quarrel with
Milton.* He died at Paris, in the house of the Dutchess of Rohan,
in September, 1670. The print, which is well executed, is much
like him.
* Artie. MORUS, note (M). It appears, in note (K), that he was in England in
1661 and 1662.
It will be worth the reader s while to see what is said of him by John Albert Fa-
bricius, in the preface to his " Observations in varia Loca N. T." and by Dr.
Newton, in his " Life of Milton," p. 27, &c.
Milton supposed that Morus was the author of a treatise against him ; and there
fore abused Morus by mistake. LORD HAILES.
350 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
LAY-PREACHERS.
OLIVER CROMWELL exercised what he called "the sword
of the spirit," upon every occasion, where he thought the military
sword would be ineffectual. He well knew that the people were
ever more disposed to be led by preachers than captains, and, to
extend his influence over them, he united both characters. There
is a sermon, said to have been preached by him, on Rom. xiii. 1 .
"The last Lord s Day, in April, 1649, at Sir P. T. s house, in
Lincoln s- Inn-fields.* It was published in 1680. As it abounds
with low ribaldry, and egregious nonsense, it carries with it no
internal evidence of its being genuine. Harrison, Vane, and Peter
Pett, were also lay-preachers in the time of the Interregnum: the
first of these persons was head of a rebaptized congregation iu
London.f
v CLASS V. -
COMMONERS IN GREAT EMPLOYMENTS.
EDVARDUS NICHOLAS, &c. A. Hertochs f.
h. sh.
This print, which was from a private plate, is uncommon. The
picture whence it was engraved was painted by Adrian Hanneman,
in 1653, when Sir Edward was sixty years of age. Hanneman, at
that tim-e, resided at Brussels.]:
Sir Edward Nicholas was born the 4th of April, in the year
1593, and entered of the Middle Temple in 1611. In 1622, he
* Probably Sir Peter Temple. From the date of this piece, it is probable that it
was written in ridicule of Cromwell. This, it should seem, is the sermon to which
Voltaire alludes, when he snys that Cromwell was a clergyman of the church of
England, and chaplain to Bishop Williams ; he got those falsehoods, ready made, out
of the magazine of Grcgorio Leti. LORD HAILES.
t " Mystery of the good old Cause," p. 2-i.
MS. Letter of Mr. Wm. Nicholas.
OF ENGLAND. 351
married Jane, daughter of Henry Jay, of Holston, in Norfolk.
Between the years 1611 and 1642, when he was made secretary
of state, he was one of the six clerks in Chancery, and successively
secretary to Lord Zouch, and the Duke of Buckingham, in the
office of high-admiral. It is remarkable that the latter was speaking
to him when he was stabbed by Felton. He was afterward clerk
of the council, and continued in that employment till the seals were
given him by the king. He attended his majesty to Oxford, and
resided with him there till he went to the Scots army. On the
surrender of Oxford to Fairfax, he retired to the Prince of Wales,
in Jersey. From that time to the restoration, he lived, for the most
part, with Sir Edward Hyde, afterward earl of Clarendon,* at Caen,
in Normandy. The above account is taken from an authentic
letter, sent with the print already described, to the late professor
Ward, of Gresham College, by Mr. William Nicholas, who died a
few years since at Horsley, in Surrey ,f He was descended from
* When Sir Edward Hyde, his most intimate friend, was apprehensive that bis
life would be of a very short duration ; as the parliament was thought to meditate
a sudden attempt upon Jersey, the place of his retirement, in 1647 ; he, in a me
morial, designed to be opened at his death, desired that his papers should be com
mitted to the custody of Secretary Nicholas : that he should, " if it pleased God
to redeem his majesty from the horrid oppressions under which he then groaned,
receive his majesty s absolute direction what should be done with these papers/
He then desired that they might " be carefully examined and perused by the lord
keeper, Sir Thomas Gardiner, Mr. Geoffery Palmer, Dr. Sheldon, Dr. Earles, and
Dr. Morley, or as many of them as Mr. Secretary Nicholas should be able to draw
to him." In case of the death of the secretary and himself, he signified that the
papers should be delivered to Lord Capel and Lord Hopton, whose advice and as
sistance was to have been always used ; and he desired them to pursue his former
wishes. ^
If the reader be curious to contemplate the picture of a great and good man in
exile, reflecting, with death in prospect, on a life uniformly spent in the service
of his God, his king, his country, and his friends, he will read with a melancholy
pleasure, perhaps with tears, the contents of the packet of papers, which were written
in this interesting and awful situation ; and were, upon his decease, to have been
dispatched to the secretary, his worthy friend.
t William Nicholas, esq. grandson to the secretary, was brought up a Turkey
merchant. He was one of the restorers of the Antiquarian Society, in 1717. Having
survived the rest of his family, the estates in London, Wiltshire, Surrey, &c. de
scended to him. ||
t Chancellor Clarendon s " Papers," vol. ii. p. 357.
See ibid. p. 352. || Dr. Ducarel.
352 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
the secretary, and the last of his family. See more of Sir Edward
Nicholas in the reign of Charles II.
JOHN THURLOW. Cooper p. Houbraken sc.
In the collection of the Lord James Cavendish. This
head is, with good reason, supposed to have been done for
some other person.
JOHN THURLOE, &c. Vertue sc. 1741; engraved for
his " State Papers."
JOHN THURLOE ; from a gold medal, In the possession
of Dr. Mead ; a head-piece.
THURLOE and HUGH PETERS, receiving a petition
of four deputies from the states of Holland. Sherwinsc.
4to. . : .:; : : ... V/ ; ; r\ : , ^ i. . .?*
JOHN THURLOW; in Simon s " Medals" p. 21.
Vertue sc.
JOHN THURLOE, secretary of state to the Pro
tector Oliver and Richard Cromwell. J. Buljinch del.
R. Cooper sc. 1810. From the original, in the collection
of Earl Spencer.
Mr. Cambridge has a good picture of him, of the authenticity of
which he has no doubt.
John Thurloe, secretary of state to Oliver Cromwell and his son
Richard, was as amiable a man in his private, as he was great in
in his public, character. His knowledge and his judgment, his
industry and dispatch, were equally extraordinary ; and he was as
dexterous in discovering secrets, as he was faithful in keeping them.
His " State Papers," in 7 vols. folio, are an excellent history of
Europe during this period, and are at once a proof of his abilities a*
OF ENGLAND. 353
a statesman, and his excellence as a writer. He was advanced to
the office of secretary of state, the 10th of Feb. 1653-4. 06. 21
Feb. 1667-8,
HENRY LAWRENCE, president of the council ;
from a drawing in the King s " Clarendon." R. Cooper
sc. 4to.
Henry Lawrence, a gentleman of courtly breeding, on the break
ing out of the troubles, withdrew himself to Holland, but afterward
came back to England, and became a member of the Long Parlia
ment ; and, for a time, concurred in all the republican measures that
distinguished their sitting, until the trial and beheading of the
king ; when he fell off, and absented himself entirely from the
councils of the ruling party, for which Cromwell (then lieutenant-
general), with great zeal declared, "that a neutral spirit was more
to be abhorred than a cavalier spirit; and that such men as he,
were not fit to be used in such a day as that, when God was cut
ting down kingship, root and branch." But Lawrence shortly after
came into play again in the Little Parliament, and contributed much
to the dissolving of them, and setting up the Protector, and resting
the government in a single person, affirming, " that other foundation
could no man lay." For this useful service, Cromwell took him
into his particular favour and confidence ; constituting him presi
dent of the council, and nominating him one of the forty-three per
sons that were to sit in the other house, under the appellation of
a House of Lords.
He is reported to have been of a very arbitrary disposition, and
to have signed many illegal warrants, for carrying to prison, and
banishing innocent persons, without any other cause than bare sus
picion of their being hostile to the existing government.
EDMUND LUDLOW, knight of the shire for
the county of Wilts, in the parliament which began
Nov. 3, 1640, one of the council of state, lieut. gen. of
the horse, and Commander-in-chief of the forces in Ire
land. Drawn and etched, 1760, by J. B. Cipriani, a
VOL. III. Z
354 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
Florentine, from a proof impression of a seal, in the
possession of Thomas Ho! Us, of Lincoln ? Inn, F. R.
and A. <S. S. h. sh.
EDMUND LUDLOW, esq. Ravenet sc. 4to.
EDMUND LUDLOW; Svo. V. Gucht ; in Clarendon s
"History" ~ . -^ > >
EDMUND LUDLOW, autograph and seal; in CaulfielcCs
"High Court of Justice"
EDMUND LUDLOW. (R. White.) Prefixed to his
"Memoirs" 1698; Svo. , V .
Edmund Ludlow was, at twenty-three years of age, made a
colonel of a regiment, and soon after promoted to the rank of lieu
tenant-general. He, in that quality, commanded in Ireland, and
had a considerable hand in subduing that country, where he ac
quitted himself with great courage and conduct. He entered with
zeal into all the measures of the republican party, and tells us him
self, that " he had the honour of being one of the late king s
judges."* About the time of the restoration, he retired into
Switzerland, and was there thirty-two years, among a people who
loved his principles, and respected his person. He composed his
"Memoirs" in this land of liberty. Ob. 1693, JEt. 73.
SIR ARTHUR HESLERIGGE ; from an original
picture at Nosely Hall, the seat of Lady Heslerigge.
R. Grave sc. Svo.
Sir Arthur Heslerigge, bart. eldest son and heir of Sir Thomas
Heslerigge, of Nosely, in Leicestershire, knt. created by King
James I. a baronet, was so disgusted with the arbitrary government
of King Charles I. that he intended to quit his native country and
emigrate to New-England, in America. He was a member of
parliament for the county of Leicester in the 15th and 16th years
* "Memoirs," ii. p. 871, 8vo.
OF ENGLAND. 355
of the reign of Charles I. and distinguished himself by his acrimony
against the king ; and was the person who preferred the bill of
attainder against the Earl of Strafford, whose death he sought more
than any other member of the house.
In the civil war he was one of the foremost to decide the cause,
between the king and his parliament, with the sword, throwing
away the scabbard without a wish to ever take it again ; early
falling into the scheme to ruin the king, and with him to set aside
monarchy. Charles, conscious of this, exhibited articles of high-
treason against him ; and afterward excepted him out of his gene
ral pardon. He was colonel of a regiment of cuirassiers, called the
lobsters, from their being so completely armed : they did infinite
hurt to the royalists, by breaking the horse ; however, they were
routed at Roundway-down, and Sir Arthur very much wounded.
Hollis lays the accident to his cowardice and unskilfulness.
He took the protestation, and the covenant ; was one of the com
missioners for martial law, in 1644 ; and in 1647, one of the com
mittee of safety at Derby-house. He was named a commissioner
of the high court of justice, erected to try the king, in which he sat,
but did not sign the warrant for the king s death. He was one of
the council of state, in 1649 ; and 1650, governor of Newcastle,
where he magnificently entertained the then Lord-general Crom
well. Was chosen a member of one of Oliver s parliaments, in 1654*,
and 1 656 ; being returned for the town of Leicester in the former,
and for the same place, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the latter;
but was excluded, because he would not subscribe not to molest
the government. The Protector in vain endeavoured to gain him :
he made him one of the members of his other house ; but coming
privately to town, that he might not be asked questions, he, instead
of resorting to this house, went to the commons, openly exclaiming
against this innovation and infringement of the government.
He was also a member of Richard s parliament, for the town of
Leicester ; but was never content till he had deprived him of all
power; and discovering Lambert s ambition, under pretence of
approving the Derby petition, and wishing to have it read, he
ordered the doors of the house to be shut, and Lambert to be ac
cused of high-treason. At this time, Sir Arthur seems scarce him
self; his friend Ludlow declaring that he was lost, in his own im
portance, it so far threw him off his guard, that he fell an easy
prey to the cunning and insincerity of Monk, who flattered him
356 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
every way, and made him one of the five commissioners of the par
liament forces with himself (which he wished at first to decline);
conducted him into the parliament as one of the secluded members,
and at length he became so well satisfied with the general s good
intentions to the parliament, that when he pulled down the city
gates, he exclaimed, " Now George, we have thee for our own, body
and soul !" and then running to the parliament said, " All is our
own, he will be honest." Monk having deceived him as long as
was necessary, first ordered his regiment to be removed from Lon
don, and then took off the mask ; and, as he told Slingsby Bethel
(who came to him upon business, and found him lost in a pro
found revery), that he had that morning been with Monk, who had
refused to give any satisfaction about the Commonwealth, and had
even treated him with rudeness and contempt ; adding, " We are
undone ! we are undone !" His courage now for the first time left
him ; and his subsequent behaviour, by no means was equal to his
former conduct; nor with that declaration that he had published,
protesting his intention to live and die with the Commonwealth.
In 1660, he was sent to the Tower, by order of the king, for
endeavouring to gain some of the old officers to attempt a diversion
in favour of his dear lost Commonwealth. He was excepted out
of the act of indemnity, and it was with difficulty his life was
spared, it being owing entirely to the honourable conduct of Monk,
then duke of Albemarle, who assured the House of Peers, that
he had promised Sir Arthur, that if he would remain quiet, as he
had two regiments, he should be pardoned at the king s return.
He died in the Tower, of a fever, occasioned by grief, in 1660, or
1661.
THOMAS KILLEGREW, who had been page of honour to
Charles I. was, in 1651, appointed resident at Venice by Charles II.
His pricipal business was to borrow money of the English mer
chants in that city, for the king s support. His behaviour, during
his residence, did no honour to his master or himself. The Vene
tians were so much scandalized at his irregularities, that they com
pelled him to leave the republic ; and a complaint was preferred
against him to the king, at Paris, by their ambassador. See the
reign of CHARLES II. Class VIII. and IX.
SAMUEL MORLANDUS, seren mimi do mini pro-
OF ENGLAND. 357
tectoris ad regem Gallic, ducemque Sabaudia, de rebus
Valensium Intermmcius ; et delude extra ordinem com-
missarius. P. Lilly (Lely) p. P. Lombart sc. k. sh.
SIR SAMUEL MORLAND; a small oval; (W. Hollar)
anonymous ; scarce.
SIR SAMUEL MORLAND, in a wig; prefixed to the
" Description of his two Arithmetical Instruments"
1673, \2rno.
Samuel Morland, of Sulhamsted Banister, in Berkshire, was
some time one of the under secretaries to Thurloe.* He was em
ployed by the Protector in several embassies, and was, in 1657, his
resident at Geneva. His " History of the Evangelical Churches
of Piedmont" was published in folio, 1658, with his head prefixed. f
He was sent to Savoy, to forward the charitable collection made in
England for the Vaudois, and found the conveyance very difficult,
as their enemies were hovering round to intercept it. The method
of expediting money by bills was then much less known than it is
at present. In the beginning of the year 1660, he waited on the
king at Breda, and made several important discoveries ; and was,
in consideration of his services, the same year created a baronet.
In 1695, was published his " Urim of Conscience," a small octavo,
before which, as I am informed, there is a neat print of him, in a
large wig, and point cravat, tied with a black riband ; and some
account of himself. I know not when he died, but am certain that
he lived to an advanced age, and was, in the latter part of his life,
* The Protector coming late at night to Tliurloe s office, and beginning to give
direction about something of great importance and secrecy, he took notice that
Mr. Morland, one of the clerks, was in the room, which he had not observed before;
and fearing he might have overheard their discourse, though he pretended to be
asleep upon his desk, he drew a poniard, which he always carried under his coat,
and was going to dispatch Morland upon the spot, if Thurloe had not with great
entreaties prevailed with him to desist, assuring him that Morland had set up two
nights together, and was now certainly fast asleep."
t In vol. iii. of Bishop Gibson s Papers, in the Lambeth Library, is an " Abrcviate
of the Life of Sir Samuel Morland, bart." written by himself. There are also many
Letters and Papers by lii n in the same volume.
358 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
afflicted with blindness. He was master of the mechanics to
Charles II. He invented the drum-headed capstan for weighing
heavy anchors, the speaking-trumpet, an engine for quenching fires,
an arithmetical instrument, &c. Mention is made of several of his
works in the Bodleian Catalogue.
ALGERNON SIDNEY. J. B. Cipriani d. J. Ba-
sire sc. 1763 ; h. sh. Under the head is the following
inscription : " At the time when Mr. Algernon Syd
ney was ambassador at the court of Denmark,
Monsieur Terlon, the French ambassador, had the
confidence to tear out of the book of mottoes, in the
king s library, this verse, which Mr. Sydney, accord
ing to the liberty allowed to all noble strangers, had
written in it,
-* Manus haec inimica tyrannis,
Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem.
" Thouffh Monsieur Terlon understood not a
o
word of Latin, he was told by others the meaning of
that sentence, which he considered as a libel upon
the French government, and upon such as was then
setting up in Denmark by French assistance or ex
ample." Lord Molesworth s preface to his " Ac
count of Denmark."
Algernon Sydney, a younger son of Robert, earl of Leicester,
was colonel of a regiment in the civil war, and one of the ambas
sadors sent to Sweden and Denmark by Richard Cromwell. He
was a man of a philosophic turn of mind, had seen much of the
abuse of kingly power, and was apprehensive of much more.
Hence he became as zealous a republican, from speculation and
principle, as others were from animosity and faction. See more
of him in the reign of CHARLES II. Class IX.
ALEXANDER ERSKEIN, S. Regiae Majestatis
OF ENGLAND. 359
Suecise a Consiliis secretioribus aulicis et bellicis,
&c. ad Tractatus Pacis universalis Plenipotentiarius.
Anselmus van Hull p. Corn. Galle sc. 1649, h. sh. His
portrait is m Suyderhoef s fine print of the treaty of
Munster*
Illustris et Generosus Dominus ALEXANDER ERS-
KEIN, S. R. M. &c. three quarters, in a rich ornamented
border ; arms ; eight Latin lines. John Durr sculp,
very rare.
ALEXANDER ERSKEIN. Tiebout sc. 1796; Svo.
This gentleman was probably of the Kelly branch of the family
of Marr; Sir Alexander Erskine, of that house, having been
ennobled by James VI. Many of his descendants have been named
Alexander ; but there is no account of the person in question in
Douglas s " Peerage."
PHILIP, earl of PEMBROKE, when the House of Lords was
abolished, condescended to sit among the commons, as knight of
the shire for Berks. See the reign of CHARLES I. Class. II.
WILLIAM PRYNNE, the voluminous writer, was, to use the
epithet of Lord Clarendon, no less voluminous as a speaker. Cle
ment Walker mentions, with due commendation, a speech of his
addressed to the House of Commons, a little before the death of
Charles I. in which he proves his concessions to the parliament to
be sufficient ground for a peace.f He has, in this speech, recapi
tulated the arguments on both sides with great freedom and pro
priety. He continued to speak roundly of abuses, when others
thought it prudent to be silent ; and though he had lost his ears
for his patriotism, he was determined to be a patriot still, though
at the hazard of his head. See the preceding reign, Class IX.
* One of a set of prints of the ambassadors who were present at tlie treaty of
Munster.
t " Hist, of Independency," part. ii. p. 15. This speech is reprinted in the
" Parliamentary History."
360 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
PRAISE GOD BAREBONE; *a head in a square;
Svo.
PRAISE GOD BAREBONE ; an etching. G. P. H.
PRAISE GOD BAREBONE; prefixed to " New
Preacher s New." R. Grave sc.
July 4, Barebone, who was by occupation a leather-seller, was one of
the most active, if not the most able, members of the parliament as
sembled by Cromwell, which took its denomination from his name.
When Monk came to London, with a view of restoring the king-,
and was intent upon the readmission of the secluded members,
this man appeared at the head of a numerous rabble of fanatics,
which was alarming even to that intrepid general. A petition was
presented by their leader to the parliament, for the exclusion of the
king and royal family. Monk, who knew the popularity of Bare-
bone, was obliged to make a general muster of his army, and wrote
a letter to the parliament, in which he expostulated with them for
giving too much countenance to that furious zealot and his ad
herents, f
* I have been informed that there were three brothers of this family, each of
whom had a sentence of his name ; viz. Praise God Barebone ; Christ came into
the world to save Barebone, and If Christ had not died thou hadst been damned
Barebone. Some are said to have omitted the former part of the sentence, and to
have called him only " Damn d Barebone." Mr. Hume has given us a list of
names of this kind. In Montfaucon s " Diarium Italicum,"j is a sepulchral inscrip
tion of the year 396, upon Quodvultdeus, with the following note : " Hoc <evo nori
pauci erant qui piis sententiolis nomina propria concinnarent : v. g. Quodvultdeus,
Deogratias, Habetdeum, Adeodatus."
t See Roger Coke s " Detection," &c. ii. p. 89, 90. That author tells us, that
Wiiliarn Prynne, " tied to a great basket-hilt sword/ $ was the first of the secluded
members that entered the House of Commons.
% Edit. 4to. p. 270.
Gladius aliigatus Cic. Spoken of a little man who wore a large sword.
OF ENGLAND. 361
CLASS VI.
r MEN OF THE ROBE.
BULSTRODUS WHITLOCK, Eques Auratus,
Windsor ii, proconstabularius, saccarii commits, dudum
magni si^itll custos. c. Faithorne sc.
<T9 O a
There is a copy of this by Hiilsbergh, li. s/i.
BULSTRODE WHITLOCK. R. Gay wood sc. 4to.
BULSTRODE WHITLOCK. Richardson ; 4to.
This print may be placed in the reign of Charles II. in which
it was engraved. There is a portrait of him, which was painted in
Sweden, and is very like Faithorne s print. It is in the possession
of the Rev. Dr. Cooper, late of Philis-court, at Henley-upon-
Thames.* This gentleman s father married the heiress of the
Whitlock family.
Bulstrocle Whitlock, a man of integrity, espoused the cause to
which he adhered from principle ; and though warmed, was never
overheated by party. His knowledge in the laws was very ex
tensive; his judgment, his experience, his dexterity and address in
the management of affairs, were no less extraordinary. He was a
leading member of the House cf Commons, a principal commis
sioner in the treaties of Oxford and Oxbridge, and one of the am
bassadors sent by Richard Cromwell to mediate a peace betwixt
Sweden and Denmark. His candour was conspicuous in the
warmest debates ; and though he still adhered to the side that was
* In the time of the civil war, Mr. Whitlock was appointed governor of the
town of Henley, and of the fort of Philis-court, his own seat, in which was a gar
rison of 300 foot, and a troop of horse. He was known to be a man of great per
sonal courage, though lie was never called upon to exercise it in a military capacity.
VOL. III. 3 A
362 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
uppermost, it appears to have been more owing to bis moderation
than the flexibility of his principles. See the Class of Authors, in
the reign of Charles II.
HENRY ROLLE, lord chief- justice of the upper
bench. Hertochsf. h. sh.
- i ~* f~~y
Henry Rolle was one of the six judges who accepted of a com
mission from the Commonwealth, soon after the death of Charles I.*
He was intimately acquainted with the most eminent lawyers of his
time; and was in the knowledge of his profession scarce inferior to
the greatest. His reading and his practice were equally extensive ;
and he seems to have been formed by nature for patient study,
deep penetration, and clearness and solidity of judgment. He soon
discovered the hinge upon which every cause turned, and when he
was convinced himself, had the art of easily convincing others.
His integrity, even under the usurpation of Cromwell, was acknow
ledged by the generality of the royalists themselves. He was, of
all the judges, the most averse from trying any of the king s party
for treason : he indeed thought their defence, in which they insisted
upon the illegality of the government, was too well founded. He
died the 30th of July, 1656, and was succeeded in his office by the
celebrated Glynn. He was author of the Reports and Abridgment
which bear his name.t See " Athen Oxon."
CHIEF-JUSTICE GLYNNE. J. Caldwall sc. 4to.
In Pennant s " Wales."
Sir John Glynne was born at Glyn-llivon, in the year 1602; his
father was Sir William Glynne, knight ; his mother was a Griffith,
of Caernarvon. His education was after the best mode ; the school
was that of the college at Westminster ; his academic learning was
instilled into him at Hart-hall, Oxford ; and his knowledge of the
* See Walker s " Hist, of Independency," part ii. p. 119.
t Mr. Hargrave, at p. 9 of his edit, of Coke upon Littleton, speaks of Rolls. *
abridgment, as " a work most excellent in its kind, and in point of method, succinct
ness, legal precision, and many other respects, fit to be proposed as an example for
other abridgments of law."
OF ENGLAND. 363
law at Lincoln s Inn, where he became a bencher. His abilities
were immediately discovered by the popular party, by whose in
fluence he was made steward of Westminster, recorder of London,
and twice elected member for the former, in the two parliaments of
1640. He was, next to Pym, the most active manager against the
Earl, of StrafTord. The unfortunate peer remarked, that Glynne
and Maynard treated him like advocates ; Palmer and Whitlock
like gentlemen ; and yet omitted nothing material that could be
urged against him. The author of Hudibras seems to catch at this
part of the character of these great lawyers :
Did not the learned Glynne and Maynard,
To make good subjects traitors, strain hard ?
In the case of Strafford, and in that of the impeachment of the
twelve bishops, they acted on principle. This appears evident from
the prosecution they afterward underwent, for the noble stand they
made against the ruin of the constitution, planned, and afterward
effected, by the army. On September 8th, 1646, they were expelled
the house, committed to the Tower, and had a charge of high-
treason brought against them. Glynne soon determined to submit
to the rising powers, and was restored to his place in the house ;
appointed one of the ten commissioners for carrying on the treaty
with the king in the Isle of Wight ; and voted by the house to be
a serjeant at law, in the new call it thought fit to make. He, as
well as the artful Whitlock, evaded all concern in the trial of the
king; but afterward temporized fully with the powers in being.
Cromwell soon made him one of his council ; and, in 1654, he was
constituted chamberlain of Chester : in the following year was (on
the refusal of the Chief-justice Rolle) sent into the West, with a
commission to try Colonel Penruddock, and the other insurgents.
Rolle lost his place for his scruples ; and in his room the serjeant
was rewarded with the office of lord chief-justice of the upper bench.
He was grateful to his patron ; for, being appointed one of the com
mittee to receive the Protector s scruples about being made king,
he urged the acceptance with the utmost zeal. It is amusing to
compare the change of sentiment from the year 1648, when the
kingly office was voted to be unnecessary, burdensome, and dan
gerous, with the opinion of 1657, when the learned serjeant tells
Cromwell, that it is essential to the settlement of the nation.
Notwithstanding the usurper did not dare to assume the name, he
364 " BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
mimicked the powers, and honoured his advocate with calling him
up by writ into his House of Peers ; that motley assembly of the
year 1657. The prudent lawyer maintained his ground till the year
of the restoration, when, by a masterpiece of cunning, he published,
in octavo, the arguments he had used to prevail with his former
master to mount the throne, under the title of MONARCHY asserted
to be the best, the most ancient, and legal form of government. How
flattering must this have been to the rightful prince, to find the
ancient mode acknowledged as most eligible (even after the long
abuse of it in his family) by one of the ablest supporters of the
protectorate !
Whether this recommended him to the new government, or whe
ther he made his peace before, is not certain. He was received by
Charles with distinguished marks of favour, who not only knighted
him, but bestowed upon him the honour of prime Serjeant, and even
created his eldest son a baronet. In the Convention Parliament,
he was elected for the county of Caernarvon ; and was appointed
one of the committee for examining the acts passed during the late
usurpation, which were inconsistent with the present government;
and how the many fines, recoveries, &c. made in the late courts of
law, might be confirmed and rendered good. He had likewise a
concern in the act of general pardon, and in all others in which
the assistance of an able lawyer was requisite.
He retired from the house in the following parliament, and lived
till the year 1666, when he died in London, and was buried in his
own vault, beneath the altar of St. Margaret s church, Westminster.
JOHN MAYNARD. J. Stow sc. 4to. l<bv.rfi
John Maynard, a very able lawyer, was made a serjeant at law,
Feb. 9, 1653-4, previous to the trial of Charles I. He had the teme
rity to oppose the all-conquering army, for which, in 1647, they sent
him, with Glynne, to the Tower ; and when the parliament voted no
more addresses to be presented to the king, he told them that by
it they dissolved themselves. The same conduct led him to plead
the cause of Mr. George Coney, a merchant of London, who had
the boldness to oppose paying a tax, imposed by the Protector
Oliver, without the consent of parliament. On this his highness so
far forgot justice, that May 8, 1655, he sent him, Serjeant Twysden,
OF ENGLAND. 365
and Counsellor Wadham Wyndham, to the Tower; from whence
they were not released before they had made their submissions.
He was again called by Charles II. to the degree of serjeant,
June 1, 1660; who, November 9 following, made him his own
serjeant. He was a sound lawyer, and a good man, and one of
the most impartial dispenser of justice of any of his contemporaries.
He was knighted by King Charles II.
MATTHEW HALE was eminent, at this period, for the several
qualifications that compose the character of an able lawyer, and a
good man. He was made a judge in 1653-4; and was, without
exception, the most impartial dispenser of justice of any of his con
temporaries. See the reign of CHARLES II.
SERJEANT BRADSHAW; a head, partly scraped,
and partly slipped; large 4/0. There is an account of
him in the preceding reign, Class XII.
JOHN RUSHWORTH, esq. barrister of Lincoln s Inn, was far
more eminent as an historian than a lawyer. See a description of
his portrait among the Historians, in the reign of CHARLES II.
Class IX.
WILLIAM PRYNNE, JEt. 49, 1653 ; four English verses. See
the reign of CHARLES I. See also Class V.
DOCTOR LEVENS ; a small head, in the frontis
piece toWinstanleys "Loyal Martyrology" Svo.
DOCTOR LEVENS; enlarged from the above print;
Svo.
Doctor Levens, a gentleman well descended of an ancient family
in Oxfordshire, was brought up to the profession of the law ; but
at the first commencement of the civil war, exchanged his gown for
a sword, and valiantly served the king, till the surrender of Oxford,
and was one of the persons included to remain exempt from penal
ties at the capitulation of that city. After the death of the king,
366 BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY
he engaged in the service of his son and successor Charles II. hav
ing a commission from him for the raising forces, and blank com
missions for divers officers ; bat whilst he was in pursuance of the
design he was discovered and brought to trial, before a high court
of justice, by whom he was found guilty, and suffered death oppo
site the Royal Exchange, in Cornhill, July 18, 1650. Hopes were
held out to him that his life would be spared, if he would reveal
the parties names that were engaged with him in his undertaking ;
but this he peremptorily rejected, saying, he was no way ashamed
of his cause, but would justify it with his last breath.
THOMAS FIDELL, of Furnival s Inn, gent, one
of the attorneys of the court of common bench, aged
fifty-six years. T. Cross sc.
Thomas Fidell was author of a book, entitled, " A perfect Guide
for a studious young Lawyer ; being Precedents for Conveyancing/
The first edition, before which is his portrait, was published in 4to.
1654. - .. *
A LORD CHANCELLOR OF IRELAND.
MAJOR-GENERAL DISBREW,* on horseback;
Stent ; 4to.
JOHN DESBOROUGH; from a medal by A. Simon,
1657. J. Thane exc.
JOHN DESBOROUGH ; with the meek Knight and Lam
bert ; wood-cut.
JOHN DESBOIIOUGH, on horseback; an etching.
(Claussin.) W. Richardson.
JOHN DISBREW; small whole length, in armour.
John Desborough (or DISBROWE) Avas bred to the law, but was
never like to rise to any eminence in, that profession. He was
* Sic Orig.
OF ENGLAND. 3G7
clumsy and ungain in his person, clownish in his manners, and
boisterous in his behaviour. He was brother-in-law to Cromwell ;
but was so violent a republican, that he could never be reconciled
to the name or office of a king, in the nearest of his relations, or
even in the best of mankind. He was one of the council of state
to the Protector, general at sea, major-general of the counties of
Gloucester, Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall. But
though he enjoyed these great offices under him, he abhorred his
power, and was ever intriguing with the republicans. He was pro
moted to the chancellorship of Ireland by his nephew Richard ; but
was one of the chief instruments in pulling him down, and trans
ferring his power to the army. Desborough himself was but a tool
in the hand of Lambert.
OP VOL. III.
Printed by J. F. DOVE, St. John s Square.
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